锦鸡儿属3种植物的核型研究

以锦鸡儿属中间锦鸡儿、柠条锦鸡儿、狭叶锦鸡儿为材料,用光学显微镜观察了3种锦鸡儿的染色体,按全国第一次植物染色体学术讨论会建议的标准进行了核型分析。结果表明,3种锦鸡儿的体细胞染色体数目2n=16,核型公式分别为:中间锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=10m 6sm、柠条锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=12m 4sm、狭叶锦鸡儿2n=2x=16=14m 2sm,中间锦鸡儿和柠条锦鸡儿的核型属于2A型,狭叶锦鸡儿的核型属于2B型。狭叶锦鸡儿二倍体染色体核型为首次报道。     

Cytogeographic Study of the Genus Paris

The Genus Paris L., distributed in Europe and Asia, is one of the genera of Trilliaceae. There are currently 19 recognized species. The karyological study indicates that basic number of the Paris species is X=5, and here are two kinds of the basic karyotypes: tropical type (K2n=2x=10=6m+4t), and temperate type (K2n=2x=10=6m+4st, or 6m+ 2st+2t). The species (13) with the tropical karyotype are distributed in the tropical and subtropical regions in Asia; the others with the temperate karyotype (6 species) occur in the temperate area of Eurasia. In the genus Paris, there are two peripheral species, which both have temperate karyotypes: tetraploid P. quadrifolia, in the western part of the overall range of the genus (Europe), and octaploid P. japonica, limited in the eastern part (Japan). All the species having tropical karyotypes are diploid. Among them, the more primitive ones such as P. dunniana, P. vietnamensis are concentrated in South China and the north of the Indo-China Peninsula. Examination of the geographical distribution of the species in the light of the karyological data has led the authors to propose: Paris originated in the tropical area between 18°N and 23°27’N in Asia. 14 species, which together make up 74% of the total (with 10 different karyotypes), occur in the area from the Qionglei Mountains to the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. With the greatest density of species in the area and their remarkable differences in chromosome ploidy and karyotypes, this region is without doubt the centre of modern distribution and differentiation of Paris.     

七种木蓝属植物的染色体研究

本文采用根尖压片法对豆科（Leguminosae）木蓝属（IndigoferaL.）植物的7个种：多花木蓝（Indigofera amblyantha Craib）、河北木蓝（I.bungeana Walp.）、滇木蓝（I.delavayi Franch.）、腺毛木蓝（I.scabrida Dunn）、四川木蓝（I.szechuensis Craib）、刺序木蓝（I.silvestrii Pamp.）、尖叶木蓝（I.zollingeriana Miq.）的染色体数目和核型进行了研究。结果表明：除了尖叶木蓝染色体数目为2n=4x=32（四倍体）外,其余6种木蓝的染色体数目均为2n=2x=16（二倍体）。尖叶木蓝和刺序木蓝核型分类为2A型,其余5种木蓝的核型均为1A型。种间核型差异很小。供试种主要包含中部着丝点区染色体。滇木蓝、腺毛木蓝、刺序木蓝、四川木蓝和尖叶木蓝的核型分析为首次报道。     

长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型分析

<正> 长毛红山茶(Camelliav uillosa Chang et S.Y.Liang)和长尾红山茶(C.longicaudata Chang et S.Y.Liang)均为张宏达教授定的新种,分别隶属于山茶属(Camellia)红山茶组(Sect.Camellia)的滇山茶亚组(Subsect.Reficulala)和光果红山茶亚组(Subsect.Lucidissima),前者分布在我国的湖南、广西和贵州,后者分布在广东和广西。 红山茶组共有33个种、1个亚种,7个变种。根据文献资料统计,该组作过染色体计数的有10个种,1个亚种和6个变种,作过核型分析的有4个种、1个亚种和2个变种。本文对该组的长毛红山茶和长尾红山茶的核型作首次报道,并与该组的10个种,1个亚种和6个变种的染色体数目或核型作了比较。     

车前属两种植物的核型研究

本文对我国两种车前属Ｐｌａｎｔａｇｏ植物的核型进行了分析。２个种的染色体数目均为２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１２。它们的核型是：海滨车前Ｐ．ｃａｍｔｓｃｈａｔｉｃａＬｉｎｋ,Ｅｎｕｍ．２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１２＝８ｍ＋４ｓｍ;毛车前Ｐ．ｊｅｈｏｈｌｅｎｓｉｓＫｏｉｄｚ．２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１２＝６ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ。它们的核型均属“２Ａ”型。由１２条染色体组成。     

鹅观草属5种植物的核型研究

本文首次对我国5种鹅观草属Roegneria植物的核型进行了分析。5个种的染色体数目均为2n=4x=28。它们的核型是:高株鹅观草 R.altissima,2n=4x=28=26m+2sm(SAT);假花鳞草 R.anthosachnoides,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);长芒鹅观草 R.dolichathera,2 n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT);林地鹅观草 R.sylva-tica,2n=4x=28=22m+4sm+2sm(SAT);多变鹅观草R.varia,2n=4x=28=20m+6sm+2sm(SAT)。它们的核型均属2A型,每种植物均有一对随体染色体。     

香港喜盐草属植物的核型分析

报道了分布于我国香港特别行政区的喜盐草属(Halophila Thou.) 2种植物的染色体数目和核型,其体细胞中期染色体数目均为2n=18。它们的核型公式分别为：喜盐草(H. ovalis (R. Br.) Hook. f.) 2n=2x=18=4m+14sm;贝克喜盐草(H. beccarii Asch) 2n=2x=18=8m+10sm(首次报道)。核型均属于2B型。     

Karyotype Analysis of Hippophae L. in China

The present paper reports karyotypes in 4 species and 5 subspecies of Hippophae L. in China. It is found that all of the species and subspecies are diploid, with 2n=24, their complements are made of m and sm chromosomes and of them only H. thibetana has a pair of satellites. All of these karyotypes are symmetrical and primitive. It can be simplied as follows: Hippophae neurocarpa 2n = 2x = 24 = 18m+6sm, H. thibetana 2n = 2x = 24 = 14m (2sat)+ 8sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. gyantsensis 2n=2x=24= 18m+ 6sm, H. salicifolia 2n = 2x = 24 = 10m + 14sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. sinensis 2n=2x= 24 = 18m + 6sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. turkestanica 2n = 2x = 24 = 20m + 4sm; Hi. rhamnoides L. ssp. yunnanensis 2n = 2x = 24 = 14 + 10sm, H. rhamnoides L. ssp. mongolica 2n = 2x = 24 = 16m + 8sm.     

部分落叶松属植物核型研究

对落叶松属的兴安落叶松、长白落叶松、日本落叶松、华北落叶松、欧洲落叶松、美洲落叶松等6个种和日本落叶松×长白落叶松杂种进行了核型分析,所有材料的染色体数目均为2n=2x=24,2A核型。所有种的核型有着共同的构型,即二型核型。根据核型特征,可将以上各种分为三组:兴安落叶松、长白落叶松、日本落叶松为第一组,核型公式为2n=12m+10sm+2st;欧洲落叶松、美洲落叶松为第二组,核型公式为2n=12m+12sm;华北落叶松虽然具有与第二组相同的核型公式,但核型的对称性与其有一定差距,因此单独构成第三组。日本落叶松×长白落叶松杂种的核型数据和两个亲本的十分接近,表明这两个种杂交后染色体可能未发生明显的结构变异。作者认为长白落叶松和兴安落叶松的核型特征比较接近,从细胞学的角度作者支持长白落叶松作为兴安落叶松变种的观点。     

北京地区铁线莲属植物的核型研究

本文研究了产于北京地区的铁线莲属9个种和东北地区的2个种的核型,其中有6种为首次报道。10种为二倍体(2n=2x=16),1种为异源四倍体(2n=4x=32)。该属10个种的核型结构可列成以下公式:2n=2x=16=10m+2st+2-4st或2-4t(2-4SAT)。此外,对4个种中的杂合性进行了讨论。     

新疆独尾草属植物的核型分析

对新疆独尾草属（Eremurus）植物的核型进行了研究。核型公式如下：阿尔泰独尾草[E.altaicus（Pall.）Stev.]2n=2x=14=4m＋8sm＋2st;异翅独尾草[E.anisopterus（Kar.et Kit）Regel]2n=4x=28=4m＋4sm＋20st;粗柄独尾草[E.inderiensis （M.Bieb）Regel]2n=2x=14=10sm＋4st,首次发现古尔班通古特沙漠南缘所产的异翅独尾草2n=4x=28,与前人报道其为二倍体2n=2x=14的结果不一致。     

青海南部太白韭4居群的核型研究

研究了葱属太白韭青海４个居群的染色体数目和核型。结果如下,居群１：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１２ｍ＋２ｓｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）,居群２：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）;居群３：２ｎ＝４ｘ＝３２＝２４ｍ＋４ｓｍ＋４ｓｔ（４ＳＡＴ）,居群４：２ｎ＝２ｘ＝１６＝１４ｍ＋２ｓｔ（２ＳＡＴ）＋Ｂｓ（０－２）。并讨论了多倍体和Ｂ染色体形成与分析。     

Report on Karyotypes of Smilacina tatsienensis and Ophiopogon japonicus

In the present paper the karyotypes of Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang and Ophiopogon japonicus (L. f.) Ker.- Gawl. in Sichuan were analysed. The karyotypes of the two species are reported for the first time. The results are shown as follows. Smilacina tatsienensis (Franch.) Wang et Tang is a dipoiid. Its karyotype formula is 2n=2x=36=16m+10sm+10st(4SAT) (Plate 1: Fig. 1, 3). The karyotype is bimodal with ten large and eight small chromosome pairs and the length ratio of the tenth pair to the eleventh being 1.33. The length ratio of the largest chromosome and the smallest one is 4.33. Ophiopogon japonicus (L.f.) Ker.-Gawl. is a mixoploid, with diploid, triploid and tetraploid cells in a single plant. The karyotype formula of the diploid is 2n=2x=36=18m (4SAT)+18sm(Plate 1: Fig. 2, 4). The species is of a bimodal karyotype with eight large and ten small chromosome pairs and the length ratio to the eighth pair and the ninth being 1.10.There are nine metacentric pairs (two pairs of sat-chromosomes) and nine submetacentric pairs.     

中国木兰属部分种的核型分析

对我国木兰属（Ｍａｇｎｏｌｉａ）１２个种的核型进行了分析,ｘ＝１９,厚朴、凹叶厚朴、红花山玉兰、山玉兰、天目木兰、夜合为二倍体,２ｎ＝２ｘ＝３８;紫玉兰、玉兰、玉堂春为四倍体,２ｎ＝４ｘ＝７６;乐东木兰、荷花玉兰、狭叶荷花玉兰为六倍体,２ｎ＝６ｘ＝１１４,该属具有属内多倍体（次生多倍化）。核型分析结果表明：木兰属种间核型差异较小,大部分为中部着丝粒染色体（ｍ）,少数为具近中部着丝粒染色体（ｓｍ）,二倍体种中只有一对具近端部着丝粒染色体（ｓｔ）,其核型均为２Ｂ型。     

五种苏铁属植物的核形态

报道了苏铁属（Cycas L.)5种植物的染色体数目和核型,除多歧苏铁外,其他种均为首次报道。5个种的体细胞中期染色体核型公式分别为：滇南苏铁C.diannanensis K(2n)=2x=22=2m 4sm 4st 12T;潭清苏铁C.tanqingii K(2n)=2x=22=2m 8sm 2st 10T;多歧苏的Cmultipinnata K(2n)=2x=22=4m 8st 2st 8T;巴兰萨苏铁C.balansae K(2n)=2x=xx=2m 4sm 6st 10T。石山苏铁C.miquelii K(2n)=22=2m 6sm(1SAT) 4st 10T;核型均属于3B型。本研究结果支持苏铁属植物的核型从不对称进化的观点;同时,支持将巴兰萨苏铁和石山苏铁归入攀枝花苏铁组的台湾苏铁亚组的观点。     

扬子毛茛和石龙芮的核型研究

报道了浙江省常见的２种毛茛属植物－扬子毛茛和石龙芮的染色体资料,扬子毛茛体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝３２,核型组成;Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３２＝１６ｍ＋８ｓｍ＋８ｓｔ。石龙芮体细胞染色体数目２ｎ＝３２,核型组成;Ｋ（２ｎ）＝４ｘ＝３２＝８ｍ＋２４ｓｍ。     

Chromosome evolution in Himalayan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae)

AKIYAMA, S., WAKABAYASHI, M. & OHBA, H., 1992. Chromosome evolution in Himalayan Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Chromosome numbers and karyotypes have been investigated in species of Himalayan Impatiens . In addition to confirming previous chromosome counts, the presence of a tetraploid taxon ( I. exilis) is revealed. In central and east Nepal species with x = 9 are more common than those with other basic numbers and this number is shown to be one of the most frequent numbers in the genus. Most species with x = 9 have a bimodal karyotype. The species relationships are discussed.     

国产8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型研究

首次报道了8种蜘蛛抱蛋属植物的核型,其中6种的染色体数目为首次报道。结果如下：峨边蜘蛛抱蛋A．ebianensis,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;盈江蜘蛛抱蛋A．yingjiangensis,2n=2x=36=14m+6sm(2sat)十16st;海南蜘蛛抱蛋A．hainanensis,2n=2x=36=20m(2sat)十14st十2t;石山蜘蛛抱蛋A．saxicola,2n=2x=36=16m十4sm(2sat)十16st;糙果蜘蛛抱蛋A．muricata,2n=2x=36=18m+2sm(2sat)十16st;啮边蜘蛛抱蛋A．marginella,2n=2x=38=22m+4sm(2sat)十12st;西林蜘蛛抱蛋A．xilin-ensis,2n=4x=76=48m(4sat)十2sm+26st;十字蜘蛛抱蛋A．cruciformis,2n=4x=76=46m(4sat)十12sm十18st。核型类型都为2C型。首次在中国发现了A．cruciformis和A．xilinensis的野生四倍体。根据外部形态性状及已有的38种植物的核型资料分析,认为该属染色体的原始基数可能为x=18,核型向对称性增强的方向演化,其主要表现在中部着丝粒染色体数目的增多,这种演化趋势似与其花部结构的进化密切相关。关键词 蜘蛛抱蛋属;染色体数目;核型;进化     

Karyotype Analysis of 5 Species of Genus Astragalus

The karyotypes of five species in Astragalus (A. dahuricus DC., A. mongolicus Bunge., A. adsurgens Pall., A. melilotoides Pell., A. huangheensis H. C. Fu., Y. H. Liu) were studied. Among them, the karyotypes of A. dahuricus and A. melilotoides are reported for the first time. While A. melilotoides is tetraploid (2n=4X=32), all the others are found to be diploid (2n= 2X = 16). Based on the comparison of karyotypes, the evolu-tionary order of these 5 species is discussed.     

锦鸡儿属植物14个种类的核型

报道了锦鸡儿属Caragana 14种的核型,体细胞中期染色体的核型分别为：（1）柠条Caragana korshinskii Kom.2n=16=19m 7sm;(2)印度锦鸡儿C.gerardiana Royle 2n=16=12m 4sm;(3）锦鸡儿C.sinica(Buc‘hoz)Rehd。2n=24=15m 9sm;(4)狭叶锦鸡儿C.stenophylla Pojark 2n=32=21m 10sm 1st;(5)短脚锦鸡儿C.brachypoda Pojark.2n=16=8m 5sm 3st;(6)云南锦鸡儿C.franchetiana Kom.2n=16=13m 2sm 1st;(7)甘蒙锦鸡儿C.opulens Kom.2n=16 1b=8m 7sm 1st 1B;(8)刺叶锦鸡儿C.acanthopylla Pojark.2n=16=12m 4sm;(9)红花锦鸡儿C.rosea Maxim.2n=16=10m 6sm;(10)扁刺锦鸡儿C.boisi Schneid.2n=16=11m 4sm 1st;(11)二色锦鸡儿C.bicolor Kom.2n=16 1b=10m 6sm 1B;（12）川西锦鸡儿C.erinacea Kom.2n=16=12m 3sm 1st;（13）粗刺锦鸡儿C.crassispina Marq.2n=16=10m 6sm;(14)树锦鸡儿C.arborescens Lam.2n=16 1b=10m 6sm 1b.其中短脚锦鸡儿、云南锦鸡儿、红花锦鸡儿、扁刺锦鸡儿、二色锦鸡儿、粗刺锦鸡儿的核型为首次报道。