Determination of Trichuris skrjabini by sequencing of the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 segment of the ribosomal DNA: comparative molecular study of different species of trichurids

Adults of Trichuris skrjahini have been isolated from the cecum of caprine hosts (Capra hircus), Trichuris ovis and Trichuris globulosa from Ovis aries (sheep) and C. hircus (goats), and Trichuris leporis from Lepus europaeus (rabbits) in Spain. Genomic DNA was isolated and the ITS1-5.8S-ITS2 segment from the ribosomal DNA (rDNA) was amplified and sequenced by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) techniques. The ITS1 of T. skrjabini, T. ovis, T. globulosa, and T. leporis was 495, 757, 757, and 536 nucleotides in length, respectively, and had G + C contents of 59.6, 58.7, 58.7, and 60.8%, respectively. Intraindividual variation was detected in the ITSI sequences of the 4 species. Furthermore, the 5.8S sequences of T. skrjabini, T. ovis, T. globulosa, and T. leporis were compared. A total of 157, 152, 153, and 157 nucleotides in length was observed in the 5.8S sequences of these 4 species, respectively. There were no sequence differences of ITS1 and 5.8S products between T. ovis and T. globulosa. Nevertheless, clear differences were detected between the ITS1 sequences of T. skrjabini, T. ovis, T. leporis, Trichuris muris, and T. arvicolae. The ITS2 fragment from the rDNA of T. skrjabini was sequenced. A comparative study of the ITS2 sequence of T. skrjabini with the previously published ITS2 sequence data of T. ovis, T. leporis, T. muris, and T. arvicolae suggested that the combined use of sequence data from both spacers would be useful in the molecular characterization of trichurid parasites.     

High-resolution G-banded karyotype and idiogram of the goat: a sheep-goat G-banded comparison

An elongated G-banded karyotype and idiogram of the domestic goat (Capra hircus) is presented. Sheep (Ovis aries)-goat comparison suggests the terminal light band (Xq 2 9) present in the goat is absent in the sheep.     

Distribution of nematode parasites of the digestive system in sheep (Ovis aries) and goats (Capra hircus) of the Piedmontese and Valdostano Alpine arc

A survey, carried out on gastro-intestinal nematodes of sheep and goats of Piemonte and of Valle d'Aosta (87 sheep and 12 goats) has shown the presence of the following species in sheep, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Chabertia ovina, Cooperia curticei, Haemonchus contortus, Marshallagia marshalli, Nematodirus abnormalis, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus helvetianus, Nematodirus spathiger, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia lyrata, Ostertagia trifurcata, Skrjabinema ovis, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostronglus colubriformis, Trichostronglus vitrinus, Trichuris ovis and Trichuris skrjabini; in goats, Bunostomum trigonocephalum, Chabertia ovina, Haemonchus contortus, Nematodirus filicollis, Nematodirus helvetianus, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Ostertagia circumcincta, Ostertagia ostertagi, Ostertagia trifurcata, Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis and Trichostrongylus vitrinus. The percentage of each species in the two host is given in the text table.     

Macroscopic presentation of the bones of the pelvic limb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782)

The present study describes the anatomical details of the bones of the pelvic limb from Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). The results were similar to findings in Dama dama and Ovis aries, while there were very few similarities to findings in Capra hircus.     

Isoenzymes of lactate dehydrogenase (EC 1.1.1.27) in Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica (Trematoda)

The isoenzymes of LDH (EC 1.1.1.27) were studied in Dicrocoelium dendriticum and Fasciola hepatica by horizontal electrophoresis on polyacrylamide gel. Six isoenzymes in D. dendriticum and four in F. hepatica were detected. Densitometric scans demonstrated that the enzyme pattern of LDH in D. dendriticum parasitizing hepatic tissue of Capra hircus was clearly different from the one obtained when the trematode parasitized other hosts such as Bos taurus or Ovis aries.     

Macroscopic description of the bones of the forelimb of Pudu pudu (Molina 1782)

The present study describes the anatomical details of the bones of the thoracic limb from Pudu pudu (Molina 1782). The results were similar to findings discovered in Capreolus capreolus, Dama dama, and Ovis aries, while there were hardly any similarities to findings in Capra hircus.     

Serologic and experimental investigations of contagious ecthyma in Alaska

Serologic evidence of contagious ecthyma (CE) was found in domestic sheep (Ovis aries), domestic goats (Capra hircus), Dall sheep (Ovis dalli), and musk-ox (Ovibos moschatus) in Alaska. A moose (Alces alces) calf and a caribou (Rangifer tarandus) fawn were susceptible to experimental infection and both developed antibody titers as a result. CE virus was isolated from lesions of Dall sheep which were involved in a natural outbreak of the disease.     

First sign in Italy of Nematodirus roscidus, Apteragia quadrispiculata and Ostertagia drozdzi, found in Dama dama

The authors refer the first report in Italy of Nematodirus roscidus Railliet, 1911, Apteragia quadrispiculata Jansen, 1958 and Ostertagia drozdzi Jancev, 1977 from Dama dama. In fallow deer they found also: Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus, Spiculopteragia asymmetrica, Skrjabinagia arctica, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Trichuris ovis. Trichostrongylus axei, Trichostrongylus colubriformis, Trichostrongylus vitrinus and Skrjabinagia arctica were not found before in Dama dama in Italy.     

藏羚与几种牛科动物成纤维细胞的特性比较

为研究高原低氧环境对哺乳动物细胞生长特性的影响,本文以高原低氧动物藏羚和同科的阿尔巴斯白绒山羊、蒙古绵羊及鲁西黄牛的耳源组织细胞为材料,利用DMEM /F12 培养液进行培养,建立了4 种动物的体外培养成纤维细胞系,并对其进行形态学观察、生长曲线绘制、凋亡检测、核型分析等生物学特性检测。结果表明:4 种动物的细胞经差异贴壁法联合消化排除法,可获得纯化的成纤维细胞,细胞形态一致且活力稳定,4 种动物细胞的形态与生长曲线无明显差异;藏羚、绒山羊、绵羊、牛同代次细胞生长倍增时间分别为26 h、22 h、23 h 和22 h;经流式细胞仪检测,细胞凋亡率分别为5.5% 、2. 7% 、8. 6% 和1.5% ;藏羚、绒山羊、绵羊与牛的染色体数目分别为60、60、54 和60。藏羚与绒山羊、牛染色体数目相同,且除性染色体外,其余均为端部着丝粒类型,而绵羊存在6 条中着丝粒类型染色体。该结果表明,在体外培养条件下,藏羚的体细胞生长特性与同科的其他物种的细胞生长特性存在明显差异。这为从细胞水平上研究藏羚对环境低氧适应的分子机理提供了基础。     

Parasitism among white-tailed deer and domestic sheep on common range

Parasitism was studied in white-tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) which shared a common range in eastern West Virginia. Of 30 species of internal parasites, 11 were found in deer and 22 in sheep. Five parasites, Sarcocystis sp., Cysticercus tenuicollis, Oesophagostomum venulosum, Cooperia punctata, and Gongylonema pulchrum, occurred in both deer and sheep. An index of similarity of 17.2 suggests that the parasite faunas of these hosts are distinct, and that it is unlikely that white-tailed deer are reservoirs of common parasites of domestic sheep in the southern Appalachian region.     

Comparative structure and evolution of goat and sheep satellite I DNAs.

The satellite I DNAs of domestic goat (Capra hircus) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) have been studied using molecular hybridisation and restriction enzyme analysis. Both satellite DNAs are composed of repeat units of 820 base pairs in length, but their restriction maps, although similar, differ in certain respects. Thus the majority of sheep satellite I repeat units have two EcoRI sites and one AluI site, whereas the majority of goat satellite I repeat units have one EcoRI site and two AluI sites. The sheep satellite I repeat units with the two EcoRI sites are much more homogeneous than the repeats forming the remainder of the satellite, as judged by the difference in the melting temperatures of native and reassociated molecules. DNAs from species of wild sheep and goats were screened for the presence of these repeat units, and they appear to have been amplified during the radiation of the Ovis genus. Goat satellite I is composed of a single sequence type which has changed through base substitution until the sequence now shows considerable heterogeneity. It is proposed that the major sequence types of these two satellite DNAs were amplified by different saltatory replication events at different times in the evolution of the group.     

A Mitochondrial Genome Sequence of the Tibetan Antelope （ Pantholops hodgsonii ）

To investigate genetic mechanisms of high altitude adaptations of native mammals on the Tibetan Plateau, we compared mitochondrial sequences of the endangered Pantholops hodgsonii with its lowland distant relatives Ovis ames and Capra hircus, as well as other mammals. The complete mitochondrial genome of P. hodgsonii （16,498 bp） revealed a similar gene order as of other mammals. Because of tandem duplications, the control region of P. hodgsonii mitochondrial genome is shorter than those of O. ames and C. hircus, but longer than those of Bos species. Phylogenetic analysis based on alignments of the entire cytochrome b genes suggested that P. hodgsonii is more closely related to O. ames and C. hircus, rather than to species of the Antilopinae subfamily. The estimated divergence time between P. hodgsonii and O. ames is about 2.25 million years ago. Eutther analysis on natural selection indicated that the COXI （cytochrome c oxidase subunit I） gene was under positive selection in P. hodgsonii and Bos grunniens. Considering the same climates and environments shared by these two mammalian species, we proposed that the mitochondrial COXI gene is probably relevant for these native mammals to adapt the high altitude environment unique to the Tibetan Plateau.     

Comparison of the membrane-bound (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase in erythrocyte ghosts from some mammalian species

The properties of the membrane-bound calcium-pumping protein, the (Ca2+ + Mg2+)-ATPase (ATP phosphohydrolase, EC 3.6.1.3) were compared in erythrocyte ghosts isolated from five mammalian species--human (Homo sapiens), bovine (Bos taurus), porcine (Sus scrofa melitensis), ovine (Ovis aries crassicandus) and caprine (Capra hircus syriaca). The specific activity of the enzyme in porcine erythrocytes is one order of magnitude higher than in the other species. It was also stimulated to various extents by the regulator protein, calmodulin, and by phosphatidylinositol in all the species. Analysis of membrane proteins revealed a number of differences which seem to suggest that the molecular architecture of the red cell membrane influences the activity of the enzyme.     

从细胞色素b 基因全序列分析岩羊和山羊、绵羊的系统发生关系

本文测定了来自四川和青海岩羊的细胞色素b 基因全序列(1 140 bp) , 结合从GenBank 中检索获得的山羊、北山羊、绵羊和盘羊4 个近缘种细胞色素b 核苷酸同源区序列进行比较, 分析了碱基组成和变异情况以及核苷酸序列差异。分别采用简约法和距离矩阵法构建分子系统树, 得到了基本相同的拓扑结构, 从分子水平初步探讨了岩羊的系统起源问题。岩羊与山羊属的山羊、北山羊有着比绵羊属的绵羊、盘羊更近的亲缘关系。岩羊与山羊、北山羊的分歧时间大约在3～6 百万年, 而与盘羊、绵羊的分歧时间大约在6～8 百万年。     

Conservation of nucleolus organizer regions during evolution in sheep, goat, cattle and aoudad.

There are ten nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) in domestic sheep (Ovis aries L.). cattle (Bos taurus L.), goat (Capra hircus L.) and aoudad (Ammotragus lervia Blyth) and these are located terminally on chromosomes with homologous (G-banding patterns. The similarity in number of nucleolus organizer regions in these species may indicate that their ribosomal DNA regions are infrequently involved in exchange events which could lead to different numbers of active nucleolus organizer regions. Other possible explanations of the conservation of number of nucleolus organizer regions in these species are discussed. The homology of NOR location in these species supports the idea that the Bovidae karyotype tends to be fairly stable apart from changes due to centric fusion events.     

GoSh: a web-based database for goat and sheep EST sequences

The GoSh database is a collection of 58 990 Capra hircus and Ovis aries expressed sequence tags. A perl pipeline was prepared to process sequences, and data were collected in a MySQL database. A PHP-based web interface allows browsing and querying the database. Putative single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) detection, as well as search to repeats were performed, and links to external related resources were provided. Sequences were annotated against three different databases and an algorithm was implemented to create statistics of the distribution of retrieved homologous ontologies in the Gene Ontology categories. The GoSh database is a repository of data and links related to goat and sheep expressed genes. AVAILABILITY: The GoSh database is available at http://www.itb.cnr.it/gosh/     

Histochemical distribution of sudanophilic and unsaturated lipids in the testes of buffalo, goat, and ram

The sudanophilic and unsaturated lipids have been histochemically localized and correlated with seminiferous epithelial cycle in the testes of buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), goat (Capra hircus) and ram (Ovis aries). All sudanophilic lipids are unsaturated. The masked lipids may be present either in small quantity or absent altogether. In the seminiferous tubules, 3 types of lipid bodies (L1, L2, L3) are present. L3 bodies in the buffalo are of relatively small size but are more in number. L2 bodies appear only in the elongated spermatids. All spermatogenic cells also have diffused sudanophilic lipids. Sertoli cells contain only L1 and L3. The lipids in the spermatids and Sertoli cells show cyclic variations reverse to each other. In the interstitial tissue, the amount of lipids is much less in goat and ram as compared to that in buffalo.     

Comparison of RBG-banded karyotypes of cattle, sheep, and goats

The karyotypes of the three main domestic Bovidae species. Bos taurus, Ovis aries, and Capra hircus, have been investigated by RBG-banding. Primary fibroblast cells were cultured from fetal lung or muscle tissue and collected for chromosome preparation after double thymidine synchronization. Depending on the culture and species, BrdU and FdU were added for 8-11 h or 7-10 h, respectively, before harvest. The chromosomes of the three species were classified and numbered according to standard conventions (ISCNDA, 1989) and compared at different stages of condensation. Within the resolving power of the images obtained, the RBG-banding patterns appear to be very similar, with only minor differences existing between chromosome 9 and the sex chromosomes of cattle and the same chromosomes in the domestic sheep and the goat.