共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
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当今,高致病性禽流感(HPAI)肆虐全球,获得性免疫缺损综合症(艾滋病,AIDS)对人类的感染也在快速增加;病毒性肝炎,特别是乙型肝炎(乙肝,Hepatitis B)使全球数亿人(我国约1.3亿)成为病毒的感染者。而乙肝病毒高几率的母婴传播,严重影响后代的身体健康,已成为影响人类健康的重大问题:2002-2003年起在亚 相似文献
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Jinliang Wang Xiaoqing Yu Heidi L. Tessmer Toshikazu Kuniya Ryosuke Omori 《Theoretical biology & medical modelling》2017,14(1):13
Background
Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 (HSV-2) is one of the most common sexually transmitted diseases. Although there is still no licensed vaccine for HSV-2, a theoretical investigation of the potential effects of a vaccine is considered important and has recently been conducted by several researchers. Although compartmental mathematical models were considered for each special case in the previous studies, as yet there are few global stability results.Results
In this paper, we formulate a multi-group SVIRI epidemic model for HSV-2, which enables us to consider the effects of vaccination, of waning vaccine immunity, and of infection relapse. Since the number of groups is arbitrary, our model can be applied to various structures such as risk, sex, and age group structures. For our model, we define the basic reproduction number ?0 and prove that if ?0≤1, then the disease-free equilibrium is globally asymptotically stable, whereas if ?0>1, then the endemic equilibrium is so. Based on this global stability result, we estimate ?0 for HSV-2 by applying our model to the risk group structure and using US data from 2001 to 2014. Through sensitivity analysis, we find that ?0 is approximately in the range of 2-3. Moreover, using the estimated parameters, we discuss the optimal vaccination strategy for the eradication of HSV-2.Conclusions
Through discussion of the optimal vaccination strategy, we come to the following conclusions. (1) Improving vaccine efficacy is more effective than increasing the number of vaccines. (2) Although the transmission risk in female individuals is higher than that in male individuals, distributing the available vaccines almost equally between female and male individuals is more effective than concentrating them within the female population.5.
Hui EK 《Microbes and infection / Institut Pasteur》2006,8(3):905-916
In the past two decades, humans have faced many new viral infectious agents in emerging and re-emerging infectious diseases (EIDs). Many factors contribute to the appearance of EIDs. These factors are complex but can be classified into three different categories: virus factors, human factors, and ecological factors. The factors contributing to the cause of such viral infectious diseases will be systematically reviewed in this article. 相似文献
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V. M. Veliov 《Journal of biological dynamics》2016,10(1):457-476
The paper presents a model for the evolution of an infectious disease in a population with individual-specific immunity. The immune state of an individual varies with time according to its own dynamics, depending on whether the individual is infected or not. The model involves a system of size-structured (first-order) PDEs that capture both the dynamics of the immune states and the transition between compartments consisting of infected, susceptible, etc. individuals. Due to the unavailability of precise data about the immune states of the individuals, the main focus in the paper is on developing a technique for set-membership estimations of aggregated quantities of interest. The technique involves solving specific optimization problems for the underlying PDE system and is developed up to a numerical method. Results of numerical simulations are presented for a benchmark model of SIS-type, potentially applicable to diseases like influenza and to various sexually transmitted diseases. 相似文献
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Jean-Pierre Allain Susan L. Stramer A.B.F. Carneiro-Proietti M.L. Martins S.N. Lopes da Silva M. Ribeiro F.A. Proietti Henk W. Reesink 《Biologicals》2009,37(2):71-77
A spectrum of blood-borne infectious agents is transmitted through transfusion of infected blood donated by apparently healthy and asymptomatic blood donors. The diversity of infectious agents includes hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV-1/2), human T-cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV-I/II), Cytomegalovirus (CMV), Parvovirus B19, West Nile Virus (WNV), Dengue virus, trypanosomiasis, malaria, and variant CJD. Several strategies are implemented to reduce the risk of transmitting these infectious agents by donor exclusion for clinical history of risk factors, screening for the serological markers of infections, and nucleic acid testing (NAT) by viral gene amplification for direct and sensitive detection of the known infectious agents. Consequently, transfusions are safer now than ever before and we have learnt how to mitigate risks of emerging infectious diseases such as West Nile, Chikungunya, and Dengue viruses. 相似文献
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Exotic viral diseases 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
W R Dowdle 《The Yale journal of biology and medicine》1980,53(1):109-115
Marburg virus disease, Lassa fever, monkeypox, and Ebola virus diseases of humans have all been recognized since 1967. These are examples of some of the exotic virus diseases which through importation may present a potential public health problem in the United States. Some of these viruses are also highly hazardous to laboratory and medical personnel. This paper is a review of the general characteristics, the epidemiology, and laboratory diagnosis of the exotic viruses which have been described during the last 25 years. 相似文献
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Models for infectious diseases 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
J K Frenkel 《Federation proceedings》1969,28(1):179-190
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Ficolins are serum complement lectins, with a structure similar to mannose-binding lectin (MBL) and lung surfactant protein (SP)-A and SP-D. Ficolins activate the lectin complement system and play important roles in host innate immunity. Ficolins are members of the collectin family of proteins, which act as pattern recognition receptors (PRRs). They are soluble oligomeric defense proteins with lectin-like activity, and are able to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs), which are carbohydrate molecules on the surface of pathogens, and of apoptotic, necrotic, and malignant cells. Upon binding to their specific PAMPs, ficolins may trigger activation of the immune system either (1) by initiating activation of complement via the lectin pathway, (2) by a primitive type of opsonophagocytosis, or (3) by stimulating secretion of the inflammatory cytokines interferon (IFN)-Γ, interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and production of nitric oxide (NO) by macrophages, thus limiting the infection and concurrently orchestrating the subsequent adaptive immune response. Recently, a number of reports have shown that dysfunction or abnormal expression of ficolins may play crucial roles in viral and bacterial diseases and in inflammation. This review summarizes the reports on the roles of ficolins in the infectious diseases, and provides insight into ficolins as novel innate immune therapeutic options to treat these diseases. 相似文献