共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 9 毫秒
1.
Inter-Simple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) markers were employed to analyze the genetic diversity of Ricinus communis L. in northeastern China plants. We selected ten primers that produced clear, reproducible and multiple bands for these experiments and 179 bands were obtained across 39 genotypes. Polymorphic band ratios ranged from 100% to a minimum of 78.9% with an average of 96.4% while band numbers were comprised between 13 (UBC823) and 23 (UBC856). The results obtained from UPGMA clustering dendrogram and PCoA lead to 39 distinct castor bean accessions belonging to four major groups. We found that all groups shared a common node with 66% similarity while Jaccard's similarity coefficient ranged from 0.58 to 0.92. Compatible inference was also observed from the high values of heterozygosity (Ht = 0.3378 ± 0.0218), Nei's genetic diversity (H = 0.1765 ± 0.2090), and Shannon's information index (I = 0.4942 ± 0.1872). In addition, our data reveal a Nei's genetic differentiation index (GST) of 0.3452 and estimated the gene flow (Nm) at 0.9482. These findings clearly suggest a genetic diversity in castor bean germplasms from various geographic origins and contribute to our understanding of breeding and conservation of castor beans. 相似文献
2.
Wang HF Zong XX Guan JP Yang T Sun XL Ma Y Redden R 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2012,124(5):789-797
Genetic diversity and relationships of 802 faba bean (Vicia faba L.) landraces and varieties from different geographical locations of China and abroad were examined using ISSR markers. A
total of 212 repeatable amplified bands were generated with 11 ISSR primers, of which 209 were polymorphic. Accessions from
North China showed highest genetic diversity, while accessions from central China showed low level of diversity. Chinese spring
faba bean germplasm was clearly separated from Chinese winter faba bean, based on principal component analysis and UPGMA clustering
analysis. Winter accessions from Zhejiang (East China), Jiangxi (East China), Sichuan (Southwest China) and Guizhou (Southwest
China) were quite distinct to that from other provinces in China. Great differentiation between Chinese accessions and those
from rest of the world was shown with a UPGMA dendrogram. AMOVA analyses demonstrated large variation and differentiation
within and among groups of accessions from China. As a continental geographic group, accessions from Europe were genetically
closer to those from North Africa. Based on ISSR data, grouping results of accessions from Asia, Europe and Africa were obviously
associated with their geographical origin. The overall results indicated that the genetic relationship of faba bean germplasm
was closely associated with their geographical origin and their ecological habit. 相似文献
3.
Genetic diversity in European and Mediterranean faba bean germ plasm revealed by RAPD markers 总被引:11,自引:0,他引:11
W. Link C. Dixkens M. Singh M. Schwall A. E. Melchinger 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1995,90(1):27-32
Broadening of the genetic base and systematic exploitation of heterosis in faba bean requires reliable information on the genetic diversity in the germ plasm. Three groups of faba bean inbred lines were examined by means of RAPDs (random amplified polymorphic DNAs) assays: 13 European small-seeded lines, 6 European large-seeded lines, and 9 Mediterranean lines. Out of 59 primers, 35 were informative and yielded 365 bands, 289 of which were polymorphic with a mean of 8.3 bands per primer. Monomorphic bands were omitted from the analyses and genetic distances (GD) were estimated via the coefficient of Jaccard. The mean GD among the European small-seeded lines was significantly greater than those among the lines of the other two groups. Repeatability of GD estimates was high. Cluster (UPGMA) and principal coordinate analyses identified European small-seeded lines and Mediterranean lines as distinct groups with European large-seeded lines located in between. The results are in harmony with published archaeobotanical findings. We conclude that RAPDs are useful for classification of germ plasm and identification of divergent heterotic groups in faba bean. 相似文献
4.
Mohamed A. El-Esawi 《Comptes rendus biologies》2017,340(11-12):474-480
Assessing the diversity and genetic structure of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) germplasm is essential to improve the quality and yield of this economically important crop. In this study, simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were utilized to evaluate the diversity and structure of 35 faba bean genotypes originating from three different geographical regions (Northern Africa, Eastern Africa, and Near East). All 15 SSR loci generated a total of 100 alleles. The allele number per locus varied from 4 to 11, with a mean of 6.67. The expected heterozygosity (He) of SSR loci ranged between 0.51 and 0.81, with a mean of 0.63. The PIC value also varied from 0.44 to 0.78, with an average of 0.58. The expected heterozygosity of 22 faba bean genotypes was higher than the observed one. Interestingly, AMOVA analysis showed that much of variability resided within accessions (79.2%). A highly significant difference among regions was also evidenced, and represented 5.3% of the total variation. Moreover, cluster analysis divided the 35 faba bean genotypes into two main clusters. The first main cluster comprised all faba bean genotypes originating from the Near East region, whereas the second main cluster comprised all the genotypes originating from the Northern and Eastern Africa regions, indicating that the Northern and Eastern African faba bean genotypes were more closely related to each other than to the Near East genotypes. Structure analysis also revealed that the 35 faba bean genotypes might be assigned to two populations, in complete accordance with cluster analysis data. In conclusion, this study showed high levels of diversity in the analysed genotypes of faba bean, and could be utilized in future breeding programmes to develop new cultivars of high yield. 相似文献
5.
Naoko Fukuta Shozo Fujioka Suguru Takatsuto Shigeo Yoshida Yoshimichi Fukuta Masayoshi Nakayama 《Physiologia plantarum》2004,121(3):506-512
A dwarf mutant of broad bean ( Vicia faba L.), the variety Rinrei, has been created by γ -ray irradiation. Rinrei is characterized by dark green leaves and by reduced plant length, internode and petiole length, shoot weight, and number of branches. Genetic analysis of hybrids between Rinrei and two wild-type lines indicated that these characteristics are controlled by a single recessive gene. The phenotype of Rinrei was restored to that of the wild type by application of brassinolide, but not by GA3 . Qualitative and quantitative analysis by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry indicated that 24-methylenecholesterol and isofucosterol accumulated in Rinrei to levels more than 30 times higher than in the wild type. In contrast, Rinrei had lower than wild-type levels of campesterol, sitosterol and brassinosteroids. Therefore, Rinrei is a brassinosteroid-deficient mutant defective in sterol C-24 reduction. The gene was tentatively designated as brassinosteroid deficient dwarf 1 , bdd1 , which seems to be a homologue of Arabidopsis dwf1 ( dim , cbb1 ) and pea lkb . 相似文献
6.
S. Dieckmann Wolfgang Link 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2010,120(2):261-270
Seeds, i.e. embryos, may be genetically different from either of their parents and moreover may express their own heterosis.
The objective was to genetically analyse embryo heterosis for their own weight (i.e. seed weight) in comparison with their
seedlings’ heterosis, taking the large-seeded crop (Vicia faba L.) as model. A specific diallel mating scheme was used, based on four parental lines, creating 76 seed genotypes in generations
P, F1, F2 and BC. Mature seed weight was assessed for these embryo genotypes in 3 years at one German location, and young plant biomass
yield of seedlings emerging from these seeds in two greenhouse experiments. The quantitative genetic analysis showed an average
of 10.6% mid-parent heterosis for mature seed weight and 14.5% mid-parent heterosis for juvenile biomass. In both traits,
the embryos contributed markedly and significantly via their own genes to the genetic variation. For mature embryo weight
heterosis, apparently the parental difference in seed weight was decisive, whereas for juvenile biomass heterosis, genetic
unrelatedness of parents had priority. 相似文献
7.
Gutierrez N Avila CM Duc G Marget P Suso MJ Moreno MT Torres AM 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2006,114(1):59-66
The antinutritional factors (ANFs) present in Vicia spp. seeds are a major constraint to the wider utilization of these crops as grain legumes. In the case of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), a breeding priority is the absence vicine and convicine (v-c); responsible for favism in humans and for the reduced animal performance or low egg production in laying hens. The discovery of a spontaneous mutant allele named vc-, which induces a 10–20 fold reduction of v-c contents, may facilitate the process. However, the high cost and difficulty of the chemical detection of v-c seriously restricts the advances in breeding-selection. To identify random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to this gene, we have analysed an F2 population derived from a cross between a line with high v-c content (Vf6) and the vc- genotype (line 1268). Quantification of v-c was done by spectrophotometry on the parents and the F2 population (n = 136). By using bulked segregant analysis (BSA), two RAPD markers linked in coupling and repulsion phase to the allele vc- were identified and further converted into sequence characterized amplified regions (SCARs). Amplification of SCARS was more consistent, although the initial polymorphism between pools was lost. To recover the polymorphisms several approaches were explored. Restriction digestion with HhaI (for SCAR SCH01620) and RsaI (for SCAR SCAB12850) revealed clear differences between the parental lines. The simultaneous use of the two cleavage amplified polymorphism (CAP) markers will allow the correct fingerprinting of faba bean plants and can be efficiently used in breeding selection to track the introgression of the vc- allele to develop cultivars with low v-c content and improved nutritional value.Electronic supplementary material Supplementary material is available in the online version of this article at and is accessible for authorized users. 相似文献
8.
Carob is a caesalpinoid tree species widespread in the Mediterranean. In this paper, carob EST-SSR (Expressed Sequence Tags-Simple Sequence Repeat) markers were used to assess the level of genetic diversity among 71 cultivars and accessions collected in three Mediterranean countries (Italy, Malta and Spain). Starting from 20 microsatellite loci, we identified a set of 9 polymorphic EST-SSRs, with a number of alleles per locus ranging from 2 to 7, and a number of genotypes from 3 to 13. The nine polymorphic EST-SSRs discriminated most of the analyzed genotypes with the exceptions of some cultivated clones having similar phenotypic features and probably belonging to cultivar-populations, and clarified some cases of homonymy.A neighbor joining dendrogram generated three main clusters which did not show a correlation with the distribution areas of the analyzed genotypes. A Bayesian analysis evidenced a high degree of admixture among the gene pools from the three countries. The low level of diversification among geographical areas reveals that the asexual propagation of selected clones played a major role in the diffusion of the species in the western Mediterranean. The work described in this paper represents the first report of carob genotyping achieved through microsatellite markers. 相似文献
9.
The present study was made to isolate and assess some physiological characteristics of root nodule-colonizing fungi. During this study, 17 fungal species were isolated from root nodule samples taken from faba bean plants (Vicia faba L.) collected from different sites at Assiut area (Egypt). The growth of faba bean plants in pots was significantly promoted by soil inoculation with most fungi. Growth was checked in pots with inocula of Cladosporium cladosporioides, Fusarium moniliforme, F: oxysporium, F solani, Macrophominia phaseolina and Rhizoctonia solani which were added separately. All growth-promoting fungi were capable of producing cellulase, pectin lyase, polygalacturonase, protease, urease, amidase, acid phosphatase, alkaline phosphatase and arylsulfatase in growth medium supplemented with the corresponding substrates. Four fungal species, Aspergillus awamori, A. flavus, Penicillium chrysogenum and Trichoderma koningii showed the highest rates of enzyme formation. The effect of the addition of six trace elements to the growth media at 30 micromol/ml on enzyme production revealed some dependency on species, enzyme and metal ion. Cd2+, Hg2+ and Zn2+ generally inhibited enzyme activity. Cu(1+), Fe3+ and Al3+ showed a stimulatory effect. Fungicides (afugan and tilt) and herbicides (brominal and fusilade) at 50 ppm generally promoted enzyme activity, but insecticides (kelthane and fenvalerate) caused some inhibition to enzyme activities. Salinization of the growth media with NaCl strongly inhibited the enzymatic activity of all fungi at concentrations between 0.5 and 1.5%. 相似文献
10.
Parul Gupta Kamal Dhawan Sarla P Malhotra Randhir Singh 《Acta Physiologiae Plantarum》2000,22(4):433-438
A trypsin inhibitor from seeds of faba bean (Vicia faba L.) was purified to near homogeneity as judged by native-PAGE with about 11 % recovery using ammonium sulphate fractionation,
ion-exchange chromatography on DEAE-cellulose and gel filtration through Sephadex G-100. The inhibitor had a molecular weight
of 18 kD as determined by SDS-PAGE and Sephadex G-100. The inhibitor inhibited trypsin and chymotrypsin to the extent of 48
and 12 %, respectively. The inhibtion was of non-competitive type with dissociation constant for the enzyme inhibitor complex
in the region of 0.07 mg·ml−1. The inhibtor was stable between pH 4 and 5. It completely lost its activity when heated at 125 °C for 1 h or at 100 °C for
2 h. The inhibitor also lost its activity on exposure to 2-mercaptoethanol. Based on these properties, it could be concluded
that Vicia faba trypsin inhibitor belongs to Bowman-Birk type of inhibitors, as it has molecular weight lower than generally observed for
Kunitz type inhibitors. 相似文献
11.
Z. Satovic A. M. Torres J. I. Cubero 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(7):1130-1138
Thirteen F2 families of faba bean (Vicia faba L.), descended from plants trisomic for chromosomes 3, 4, 5 and 6, have been analyzed for morphological, isozyme and RAPD markers. This allowed the establishment of linkage relationships among these markers as well as the assignment of some markers and/or linkage groups to their respective chromosomes. The linkage analysis of partially overlapping sets of informative genetic markers for the data pooled from 13 F2 families has revealed 48 linkage groups, six of which have been precisely assigned to specific chromosomes. A statistical procedure to analyze the data of joint segregation analysis in families derived from trisomic plants has been developed. 相似文献
12.
Background and Aims
Understanding the impact of soil rhizobial populations and inoculant rhizobia in supplying sufficient nodulation is crucial to optimising N2 fixation by legume crops. This study explored the impact of different rates of inoculant rhizobia and contrasting soil rhizobia on nodulation and N2 fixation in faba bean (Vicia faba L.).Methods
Faba beans were inoculated with one of seven rates of rhizobial inoculation, from no inoculant to 100 times the normal rate of inoculation, sown at two field sites, with or without soil rhizobia present, and their nodulation and N2 fixation assessed.Results
At the site without soil rhizobia, inoculation increased nodule number and increased N2 fixation from 21 to 129 kg shoot N ha?1, while N2 fixation increased from 132 to 218 kg shoot N ha?1 at the site with high background soil rhizobia. At the site without soil rhizobia, inoculation increased concentrations of shoot N from 14 to 24 mg g?1, grain N from 32 to 45 mg g?1, and grain yields by 1.0 Mg (metric tonne) ha?1. Differences in nodulation influenced the contributions of fixed N to the system, which varied from the net removal of 20 kg N ha?1 from the system in the absence of rhizobia, to a net maximum input of 199 kg N ha?1 from legume shoot and root residues, after accounting for removal of N in grain harvest.Conclusions
The impact of inoculation and soil rhizobia strongly influenced grain yield, grain N concentration and the potential contributions of legume cropping to soil N fertility. In soil with resident rhizobia, N2 fixation was improved only with the highest inoculation rate. 相似文献13.
Relationships among tetraploid wheat (Triticum turgidum L.) landrace populations revealed by isozyme markers and agronomic traits 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
Seifu Tsegaye Tesfaye Tesemma Getachew Belay 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》1996,93(4):600-605
Diversity and relationships among ten tetraploid wheat landrace populations, collected from different localities in the central highlands of Ethiopia, were studied using isozyme markers and agronomic traits. This type of analysis in crop species is fundamental for designing optimal germ plasm collection, management practices and for developing an index for parental selection. The populations differed in allelic frequencies. Gene-diversity estimates showed that the populations encompass an appreciable amount of variation. However, differentiation between them was low, as was also confirmed by the presence of gene flow. Much of the diversity (85%), was attributable to the within-population level. The genetic distances were mostly small with the exception of those between a few pairs of populations. Thus, the relationships discerned among the populations were more of a similarity nature which could be ascribed to sharing a common ancestral population and/or adaptation to similar climatic conditions. The pattern of genetic divergence appeared to be independent of geographic distance. Considerable divergence in the agronomic traits was observed for certain populations. Cluster analyses of the isozyme and agronomic data produced different patterns and memberships of groupings. This lack of agreement could be ascribed to the different forces of evolution acting on isozyme markers and agronomic traits since agronomic traits, are the prime target of artificial selection. The clustering based on agronomic traits resulted in grouping together populations with similar agronomic performance. The results of this study suggest that taking more samples within a locality or population would be a better approach to capture the range of variation in the landrace populations of the central highlands of Ethiopia. 相似文献
14.
Gela Tadesse S. Bruce Margaret Chang Wei Stoddard Frederick L. Schulman Alan H. Vandenberg Albert Khazaei Hamid 《Molecular breeding : new strategies in plant improvement》2022,42(6):1-18
Molecular Breeding - Maize (Zea mays L.) is the most important food crop in the world, with significant acreage and production across the globe. However, it is affected by low temperatures... 相似文献
15.
《Systematic and applied microbiology》2014,37(8):560-569
The taxonomic diversity of forty-two Rhizobium strains, isolated from nodules of faba bean grown in Egypt, was studied using 16S rRNA sequencing, multilocus sequence analyses (MLSA) of three chromosomal housekeeping loci and one nodulation gene (nodA). Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, most of the strains were related to Rhizobium leguminosarum, Rhizobium etli, and Rhizobium radiobacter (syn. Agrobacterium tumefaciens). A maximum likelihood (ML) tree built from the concatenated sequences of housekeeping proteins encoded by glnA, gyrB and recA, revealed the existence of three distinct genospecies (I, II and III) affiliated to the defined species within the genus Rhizobium/Agrobacterium. Seventeen strains in genospecies I could be classified as R. leguminosarum sv. viciae. Whereas, a single strain of genospecies II was linked to R. etli. Interestingly, twenty-four strains of genospecies III were identified as A. tumefaciens. Strains of R. etli and A. tumefaciens have been shown to harbor the nodA gene and formed effective symbioses with faba bean plants in Leonard jar assemblies. In the nodA tree, strains belonging to the putative genospecies were closely related to each other and were clustered tightly to R. leguminosarum sv. viciae, supporting the hypothesis that symbiotic and core genome of the species have different evolutionary histories and indicative of horizontal gene transfer among these rhizobia. 相似文献
16.
The percentage of cross-fertilization in the field bean was found to be around 45%, and to be higher on the lower nodes of the plants than on the upper. No differences in the relative pollen tube growth rates of self and foreign pollen were observed. The different lines and genotypes investigated responded differently to open pollination, selfing with manual tripping, and selfing without tripping. Fertilizer application and date of sowing affected the number of flowers produced and the number of seeds set, but did not affect the ratio of seeds to flowers, i.e. the index of self fertility. 相似文献
17.
Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers were used to assess genetic diversity in Bambara groundnut (Vigna subterranea L.) germplasm using 25 African accessions from the collection in the International Institute for Tropical Agriculture, Ibadan, Nigeria. Fifty random decamer primers were screened to assess their ability to detect polymorphism in bambara; 17 of them were selected for this study. Considerable genetic diversity was found among the V. subterranea accessions studied. The relationships among the 25 accessions were studied by cluster analysis. The dendrograms showed two main groups of accessions mainly along the lines of their geographic origin. It is concluded that RAPD can be used for germplasm classification in bambara groundnut and hence for improving this crop. 相似文献
18.
Amresh Kumar Nidhi N. Prasad Subodh Kumar Sinha 《Physiology and Molecular Biology of Plants》2015,21(1):159-162
Eleven germplasms of faba bean seeds from four agroclimatic regions of Bihar, India, have been investigated to estimate their nutritional (soluble protein, free amino acids, starch, reducing and non reducing sugar, total soluble sugar) and antinutritional (total extractable phenol and condensed tannin/proanthocyanidin) parameters. These parameters were found in varying concentration in all genotypes studied. The highest concentration of total extractable phenol and proanthocyanidin (condensed tannin) (2.56 and 1.59 % leucocyanidin equivalents respectively on dry matter basis) were found in Samastipur while the lowest from Patna (0.95 and 0.426 % leucocyanidin equivalent on dry matter basis). The different nutritional parameters were also found to be in variable concentration among different germplasms viz. total soluble protein ≈ 20–32 %, free amino acids ≈ 188–348 mg/100 g, starch ≈ 27–33 %, reducing sugars ≈ 85–188 mg/100 g, non reducing sugars ≈ 0.7–1.7 % and total soluble sugars ≈ 0.8–1.9 %. 相似文献
19.
Zeid M Schön CC Link W 《TAG. Theoretical and applied genetics. Theoretische und angewandte Genetik》2003,107(7):1304-1314
Amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were used to study the genetic diversity among a large set (n = 79) of inbred lines of recent elite faba bean (Vicia faba L.) cultivars with Asian, European (Northern and Southern) and North African origin. The inbred lines were analyzed using eight selected AFLP primer combinations that produced 477 polymorphic fragments. Errors when scoring repeated lanes of one pre-amplification reaction on one gel were negligible, whereas errors when scoring lanes of two individuals of the same inbred line run on different gels were markedly higher. Scoring across gels should be backed by replicates and several appropriate check entries. Based on clustering with Jaccard's similarity coefficient and Principal Coordinate Analysis, only the Asian lines were distinct as a group, the other lines showed no marked further grouping. Nevertheless, several known pedigree relationships were verified. A priori grouping of inbred lines (geographic origin and seed size) and AFLP data corroborate available information on the history of spread and cultivation of faba bean in the studied regions. Based on the diversity observed, studies especially concerning the relationship between genetic similarity based on AFLP markers and hybrid performance within the European elite germplasm have been launched.Communicated by H.F. Linskens 相似文献
20.
利用AFLP标记鉴定小豆种质遗传多样性 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
利用11对AFLP引物对106份小豆种质的基因组DNA进行扩增,共扩增出603条清晰可辨的带型,其中208条具有多态性,比例为34.5%,平均每对引物扩增出18.9条多态性带.基于AFLP标记,把106份小豆种质聚类划分为4个组群,该组群的划分与小豆的生态地域性存在一定的相关性. 相似文献