中国巢针蓟马属分类记述(缨翅目,蓟马科)

对中国巢针蓟马属Caliothrips Daniel进行了分类记述,描述了1个中国新纪录种——海岛巢针蓟马Caliothrips insularis(Hood)。文中提供了该属属征及种检索表、地理分布及生物学;新纪录种的形态描述、寄主植物、分布、形态特征图和形态照片。研究标本保存于中国科学院动物研究所国家动物博物馆。     

车前属(Plantago L.)植物生态与进化生物学研究进展

车前属植物是理论生态学、生理生态学、进化生物学研究的理想材料。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在车前属生态学、进化生物学、系统分类学方面的研究概况。     

Immature stages and the systematic position of Orthotelia sparganella (Thunberg) (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutoidea)

The larva and pupa of Orthotelia sparganella (Thunberg, 1794), the type species of the genus Orthotelia Stephens, 1829, are redescribed and some notes are given on the adult morphology. The nomenclature, distribution and biology of the species are reviewed. The systematic position of Orthotelia is discussed and the genus is transferred from the Yponomeutidae sensu lato to the Glyphipterigidae, as a separate, monogeneric subfamily, the Orthoteliinae Herrich-Schäffer, 1857.     

车前属（Plantago L.）植物生态与进化生物学研究进展

车前属植物是理论生态学、生理生态学、进化生物学研究的理想材料。本文综述了近年来国内外学者在车前属生态学、进化生物学、系统分类学方面的研究概况。     

The genus Rostanga Bergh, 1879 (Nudibranchia: Dorididae) in the Indo-West Pacific

The genus Rostanga Bergh, 1879 is reviewed and ten species, seven of them new, are recognized from the Indo-West Pacific. They are compared with the three species of the genus known from elsewhere in the world. Most species are red or orange-red and the mantle is characterized by a dense covering of spiculate caryophyllidia. Species are characterized on aspects of the buccal armature, rhinophore club, egg-ring, developmental biology and food preferences. Each species has a specialized diet, most species restricted to one or a few sponges of the family Microcionidae.     

The New Zealand fauna of the thrips-hunting solitary wasp genus Spilomena Shuckard (Hymenoptera: Sphecidae)

Abstract. The New Zealand fauna of the sphecid wasp genus Spilomena is reviewed and keys to both sexes given. One previously described species, S.elegantula , is recorded and two more species, S.nozela and S.emarginata are described as new; all are recorded from New Zealand for the first time in this paper. The biology and distribution of the species is discussed.     

Genome structure and evolution of Naegleria and its relatives

In the 4 yr since the molecular biology of DNA in Naegleria was last reviewed several major advances have been made, and these are reviewed here: isolation and characterization of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNAs; enumeration of chromosomal DNAs by pulsed field gel electrophoresis; sequence analysis of differentially expressed genes; phylogenetic placement of the genus Naegleria among the eukaryotes and Naegleria species within the genus.     

FURTHER STUDIES ON THE TAXONOMY AND BIOLOGY OF THE OCTOCORAL-FEEDING GENUS PHYLLODESMIUM EHRENBERG, 1831 (NUDIBRANCHIA: AEOLIDOIDEA)

The aeolid nudibranch genus Phyllodesmium (Mollusca: Gastropoda)is reviewed, three new species are described and further informationon the biology, anatomy and distribution on the eight previouslyknown species is reported. The genus Ennoia Bergh, 1896 is considereda synonym of Phyllodesmium and the type species Ennoia briareusredescribed. The genus Phyllodesmium is unique amongst the aeolidsin feeding on octocoral cnidarians. This has led to the evolutionof nudibranch- zooxanthellae symbioses, zooanthellae being obtainedfrom the octocoral prey. The adaptations developed throughoutthe genus are described and possible relationships between thespecies proposed. (Received 6 January 1990; accepted 20 May 1990)     

Two new species of the genus Teredorus Hancock, 1906 (Orthoptera,Tetrigidae) from China,with a key to the species of the genus

Taxonomy of a tetrigid genus Teredorus Hancock is reviewed. Two new species, Teredorus parvipulvillus sp. n. and Teredorus hunanensis sp. n. are described from China and an updated identification key to all known species of the genus is given, as well as brief comments on phylogenetic relationships, biology and ecology.     

Genome Structure and Evolution of Naegleria and its Relatives

In the 4 yr since the molecular biology of DNA in Naegleria was last reviewed several major advances have been made, and these are reviewed here: isolation and characterization of mitochondrial and ribosomal DNAs; enumeration of chromosomal DNAs by pulsed field gel electrophoresis; sequence analysis of differentially expressed genes; phylogenetic placement of the genus Naegleria among the eukarayotes and Naegleria species within the genus.     

Helminth fauna of Talpa spp. in the Palaearctic Realm

The helminth fauna of the genus Talpa in the Palaearctic Realm is reviewed. Several helminth species reported in Talpa spp. by a number of authors are discussed, with reference to host specificity, parasite biology, and host ethology, ecology and phylogeny. Twelve species of cestodes were found, two of which exhibit stenoxenous specificity (Staphylocystis bacillaris and Multitesticulata filamentosa). Only three species of trematodes, Ityogonimus lorum, Ityogonimus ocreatus and Combesia macrobursata, are exclusive parasites of Talpa spp. The largest group are nematodes, with 37 species. Species of Tricholinstowia are parasites of holarctic talpids and several species of distinct genera, such as Capillaria, Soboliphyme and Trichuris, are found only in Talpa spp. Only acanthocephalans of the genus Moniliformis have been reported in moles of the genus Talpa. On the basis of these helminthological findings, the close phylogenetic relationship between moles (Talpidae) and shrews (Soricidae) supports the separation of the ordinal levels Soricomorpha and Erinaceomorpha.     

On the cicada genus Nipponosemia Kato,with description of one new species from China (Hemiptera,?Cicadidae)

The cicada genus Nipponosemia Kato is reviewed. Four species are illustrated, photographed and described, including three known species and one new species. A key to all species of this genusis presented, and information on the biology of Nipponosemia are provided. The systematic status of the tribe Cicadatrini and biogeography of Nipponosemia are discussed.     

木霉菌及其系统分类学研究回顾

从木霉菌(Trichodermaspp.)的分类历史、主要分类系统、分子生物学在木霉菌分类研究中的应用、我国木霉菌分类研究状况等几个方面,对木霉菌的分类研究进展进行了简要回顾。近些年来国际上对木霉菌的分类研究取得了显著进展,陆续发表了许多新种,目前木霉属已报道有3组60种和2个变型。另外,对木霉分类研究中存在的问题也进行了讨论。     

Sedge and rush-feeding psyllids of the subfamily Liviinae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psylloidea): a review

The jumping plant-lice or psyllids belonging to the subfamily Liviinae are reviewed. Nineteen species are recognized in a single genus Lima Latreille. Three new species, craivfordi sp. nov., lobata sp. nov. and manitobensis sp. nov., are described. The identities of the existing species have been widely confused and full lists of synonymies are given where appropriate. It is re-emphasized that the type species of Livia, Psylla juncorum Latreille, is a synonym of Chermes junci Schrank, a point made by Laing (1951) but ignored by subsequent authors. The latter name has priority. A taxonomic key for the identification of the species is given and each species is described, diagnosed and illustrated. Supporting information is given on geographical distribution, host-plant association and general biology. Evolutionary relationships within Livia are discussed.     

Human hair follicle mites and forensic acarology

The hair follicle mites of the genus Demodex (Demodecidae) were first discovered in humans in 1841. Since then, members of this host-specific genus have been found in 11 of the 18 orders of eutherian mammals with most host species harboring two or more species of Demodex. Humans are host to D. folliculorum and D. brevis. The biology, natural history, and anatomy of these mites as related to their life in the human pilosebaceous complex is reviewed. This information may provide insight into the application of Demodex as a tool for the forensic acarologist/entomologist.     

Megabraula, a new genus for two new species of Braulidae (Diptera), and a discussion of braulid evolution

ABSTRACT. Megabraula gen.n. is erected for two new species, M.antecessor and M.onerosa , both found coinhabiting nests of Apis laboriosa in Nepal. Because of their many modifications, the features that distinguish Braula , the other genus in the family, and Braulidae in general are revised. Braulid biology is reviewed, particularly the adaptations involved with the origin of and progressive specialization to commensalism with honey bees.     

Phylogenetic taxonomy in Drosophila: Problems and prospects

The genus Drosophila is one of the best-studied model systems in modern biology, with twelve fully sequenced genomes available. In spite of the large number of genetic and genomic resources, little is known concerning the phylogenetic relationships, ecology, and evolutionary history of all but a few species. Recent molecular systematic studies have shown that this genus is comprised of at least three independent lineages and that several other genera are actually embedded within Drosophila. This genus accounts for over 2000 described, and many more undescribed, species. While some Drosophila researchers are advocating dividing this genus into three or more separate genera, others favor maintaining Drosophila as a single large genus. With the recent sequencing of the genomes of multiple Drosophila species and their expanding use in comparative biology, it is critical that the Drosophila research community understands the taxonomic framework underlying the naming and relationships of these species. The subdivision of this genus has significant biological implications, ranging from the accurate annotation of single genes to understanding how ecological adaptations have occurred over the history of the group.     

A revision of the genera Dirphys Howard and Encarsiella Hayat (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae)

Abstract. Dirphys and Encarsiella are revised for the world, and include four and six species respectively. Three Dirphys and two Encarsiella species are described as new. Generic diagnoses and keys to world species of Dirphys and Encarsiella are provided, and their biology is reviewed. These genera are related to the large and economically very important genera Coccophagus and Encarsia , which between them contain about 400 currently valid species. Encarsiella was recently synonymized with Dirphys , and both have previously been confused with Coccophagus and Encarsia , adding to the difficulty surrounding the taxonomy of the latter genera. Computerized character analysis based on parsimony supports the reinstatement of Encarsiella as a valid genus and shows relationships between Dirphys, Encarsia and Encarsiella.     

Review of the cicada genus Karenia (Hemiptera: Cicadidae), with a description of one new species trapped by clapping hands and its entomogenous fungus

Abstract

The Oriental cicadas of the genus Karenia are reviewed and a key to the species is presented. One new species, K. chama Wei & Zhang, sp. nov., trapped by hand clapping and bamboo‐stick clicking, is described and illustrated. Information on its biology, as well as a few notes on its special sound‐production mechanism, is provided in some detail. The sound communication and mimicry of attracting cicadas, the associated cicada fungus, Elaphocordyceps sp., and the distribution of Karenia species are discussed.