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1.
Korey J. Brownstein Mahmoud Gargouri William R. Folk David R. Gang 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):133
Introduction
Botanicals containing iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides are used worldwide for the treatment of inflammatory musculoskeletal conditions that are primary causes of human years lived with disability, such as arthritis and lower back pain.Objectives
We report the analysis of candidate anti-inflammatory metabolites of several endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus used medicinally by peoples of North America.Methods
Leaves, stems, and roots were analyzed by ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) and partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) was performed in MetaboAnalyst 3.0 after processing the datasets in Progenesis QI.Results
Comparison of the datasets revealed significant and differential accumulation of iridoid and phenylethanoid/phenylpropanoid glycosides in the tissues of the endemic Scrophularia species and Verbascum thapsus.Conclusions
Our investigation identified several species of pharmacological interest as good sources for harpagoside and other important anti-inflammatory metabolites.2.
Thijs Welle Anna T. Hoekstra Ineke A. J. J. M. Daemen Celia R. Berkers Matheus O. Costa 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(7):83
Introduction
Swine dysentery caused by Brachyspira hyodysenteriae is a production limiting disease in pig farming. Currently antimicrobial therapy is the only treatment and control method available.Objective
The aim of this study was to characterize the metabolic response of porcine colon explants to infection by B. hyodysenteriae.Methods
Porcine colon explants exposed to B. hyodysenteriae were analyzed for histopathological, metabolic and pro-inflammatory gene expression changes.Results
Significant epithelial necrosis, increased levels of l-citrulline and IL-1α were observed on explants infected with B. hyodysenteriae.Conclusions
The spirochete induces necrosis in vitro likely through an inflammatory process mediated by IL-1α and NO.3.
Nicholas J. Bond Albert Koulman Julian L. Griffin Zoe Hall 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(11):128
Introduction
Mass spectrometry imaging (MSI) experiments result in complex multi-dimensional datasets, which require specialist data analysis tools.Objectives
We have developed massPix—an R package for analysing and interpreting data from MSI of lipids in tissue.Methods
massPix produces single ion images, performs multivariate statistics and provides putative lipid annotations based on accurate mass matching against generated lipid libraries.Results
Classification of tissue regions with high spectral similarly can be carried out by principal components analysis (PCA) or k-means clustering.Conclusion
massPix is an open-source tool for the analysis and statistical interpretation of MSI data, and is particularly useful for lipidomics applications.4.
Ying-ge Wang Jin-mei Cheng Hai-bo Ding Xi Lin Guo-hao Chen Mei Zhou Sheng-nan Ye 《Mycopathologia》2018,183(3):551-558
Objective
To improve the diagnosis and treatment of Penicilliosis marneffei without human immunodeficiency virus infection.Methods
Analyze and review the clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of six cases of P. marneffei without human immunodeficiency virus infection at The First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University.Results
Two cases were diagnosed in the ENT Department, three cases in the respiratory department and one case in the dermatological department. Penicillium marneffei infection was confirmed by sputum culture, blood culture and tissue biopsy. After definite diagnosis, one refused further treatment, and others showed significant improvement.Conclusion
Penicilliosis marneffei is insidious onset and easy to be escaped and misdiagnosed. To achieve early diagnosis and appropriate treatment, doubtful cases should be alerted for the diagnoses as P. marneffei.5.
Yibin Zhuang Jingjie Jiang Huiping Bi Hua Yin Shaowei Liu Tao Liu 《Biotechnology letters》2016,38(4):619-627
Objectives
To produce rosmarinic acid analogues in the recombinant Escherichia coli BLRA1, harboring a 4-coumarate: CoA ligase from Arabidopsis thaliana (At4CL) and a rosmarinic acid synthase from Coleus blumei (CbRAS).Results
Incubation of the recombinant E. coli strain BLRA1 with exogenously supplied phenyllactic acid (PL) and analogues as acceptor substrates, and coumaric acid and analogues as donor substrates led to production of 18 compounds, including 13 unnatural RA analogues.Conclusion
This work demonstrates the viability of synthesizing a broad range of rosmarinic acid analogues in E. coli, and sheds new light on the substrate specificity of CbRAS.6.
Objectives
To improve the stability and sweetness of the sweet-tasting protein, monellin, by using site-directed mutagenesis and a Pichia pastoris expression system with a GAPDH constitutive promoter.Results
Both wild-type and E2 N mutant of single-chain monellin gene were cloned into the PGAPZαA vector and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The majority of the secreted recombinant protein, at 0.15 g/l supernatant, was monellin. This was purified by Sephadex G50 chromatography. The sweetness threshold of wild-type and E2 N were 30 μg/ml and 20 μg/ml, respectively. Compared with the proteins expressed in Escherichia coli, the thermostability of both proteins was improved. The N-terminal sequence is determinative for the sweetness of the proteins expressed in yeast strains.Conclusions
Site-directed mutagenesis, modification of the N-terminus of monellin, and without the need of methanol induction in P. pastoris expression system, indicate the possibility for large-scale production of this sweet-tasting protein.7.
Pei Han Yong Huang Yumin Xie Wu Yang Wenying Xiang Peter J. Hylands Cristina Legido-Quigley 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2018,14(7):91
Introduction
In spite of advances in antibiotics, urinary tract infection (UTI) is still among the most common reasons for antibiotic medication worldwide. Persicaria capitata (Buch.-Ham. ex D. Don) H.Gross (P. capitata) is a herbal medicine used by the Miao people in China to treat UTI. However studies of its mechanism are challenging, owing to the complexity of P. capitata with multiple constituents acting on multiple metabolic pathways.Objective
The objective of this study was to explore the working mechanism of P. capitata on urinary tract infection.Methods
Relinqing® granule, which is solely made from aqueous extracts of the whole P. capitata plant, was used in this study. Urine metabolomics based on gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy was employed to assess the metabolic changes caused by administration of Relinqing® granule in a UTI mouse model. Female specific-pathogen-free Kunming mice were divided into control group (mock infection, saline treatment), model group (E.coli infection, saline treatment), Relinqing® group (E.coli infection, Relinqing® granule treatment), ciprofloxacin group (E.coli infection, ciprofloxacin treatment), and sham-Relinqing® group (no surgery, Relinqing® granule treatment).Results
The results showed that after the treatments, urine levels of itaconic acid in Relinqing® group increased by 4.9 fold and 11.3 fold compared with model and ciprofloxacin groups respectively. Itaconic acid is an endogenous antibacterial metabolite produced by macrophages, which also functions as a checkpoint for metabolic reprogramming of macrophage.Conclusion
Our findings suggest that this herbal medicine can cure urinary tract infection through modulation of immune system.8.
Chih-Yueh Liu Chang-Ching Weng Chih-Hsiang Lin Chiou-Ying Yang Kwok-Kong Tony Mong Yaw-Kuen Li 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(3):407-413
Objectives
A Neissaria bacterial pilus sugar, bacillosamine, was synthesized and, for the first time, used as a probe to screen a single-chain variable fragment (scFv).Results
Four Neisseria, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria sicca and Neisseria subflava, and two negative controls, Streptococcus pneumoniae and Escherichia coli, were tested through ELISA, immunostaining and gold nanoparticle immunological assay. All results indicated that the selected scFv is feasible for the specific detection of Neisseria species via the recognition of bacillosamine.Conclusions
The recombinant scFv could detect Neisseria strains at 106 CFU/ml.9.
Thais Freitas da Silva Renata Estebanez Vollú Joana Montezano Marques Joana Falcão Salles Lucy Seldin 《Plant and Soil》2017,414(1-2):69-79
Background
The fungus Colletotrichum is a plant pathogen that causes the anthracnose disease, resulting in huge losses in various crops including the rose-scented geranium (Pelargonium graveolens). Although the bacterial community associated with plants has an important role in the establishment of plant diseases, little is known about what happens in P. graveolens.Aims
To increase the knowledge about the bacterial community associated with P. graveolens and its relationship with anthracnose disease symptoms.Methods
Quantitative PCR and high-throughput sequencing were combined to determine the presence of the fungus Colletotrichum and to reveal the bacterial communities associated with different plant parts – root, stem and leaf – and in the rhizosphere and bulk soil, and also to determine the respective bacterial communities associated with P. graveolens leaves symptomatic and asymptomatic for anthracnose disease.Results
The fungus Colletotrichum was detected in all plant parts and in the surrounding soil. Bacterial communities varied spatially in plants, and the disease symptoms also influenced the composition of the bacterial community. Abundances of operational taxonomic units (OTUs) assigned to the phylum Actinobacteria and to the genus Streptococcus were greatly increased in asymptomatic leaves.Conclusions
The bacterial community associated to geranium leaves responds to anthracnose symptoms.10.
Yanping Zhou Wiktor Lisowski Yan Zhou Ng Wun Jern Kama Huang Eileen Fong 《Biotechnology letters》2017,39(10):1509-1514
Objectives
To improve its phosphate accumulating abilities for phosphate recycling from wastewater, a magnetotactic bacterium, Magnetospirillum gryphiswaldense, was genetically modified to over-express polyphosphate kinase.Results
Polyphosphate kinase was over-expressed in the bacterium. The recombinant strain accumulated ninefold more polyphosphate from synthetic wastewater compared to original wild type. The magnetic property of the recombinant M. gryphiswaldense strain was retained.Conclusions
The recombinant M. gryphiswaldense can be used for phosphate removal and recovery in bioremediation.11.
Margarita Stritzler Ana Diez Tissera Gabriela Soto Nicolás Ayub 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(9-10):1419-1423
Objectives
Identification of novel microbial factors contributing to plant protection against abiotic stress.Results
The genome of plant growth-promoting bacterium Pseudomonas fluorescens FR1 contains a short mobile element encoding a novel type of extracellular polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) polymerase (PhbC) associated with a type I secretion system. Genetic analysis using a phbC mutant strain and plants showed that this novel extracellular enzyme is related to the PHB production in planta and suggests that PHB could be a beneficial microbial compound synthesized during plant adaptation to cold stress.Conclusion
Extracellular PhbC can be used as a new tool for improve crop production under abiotic stress.12.
Objectives
To develop a versatile Trichoderma reesei (teleomorph Hypocrea jecorina) expression system for the high-purity production of heterologous proteins.Results
The versatile T. reesei expression system is based on xyn1 and xyn2 promoters, A824V transition in XYRI, and a bicomponent carbon source strategy. Red fluorescent protein gene rfp and alkaline endoglucanase EGV gene egv3 from Humicola insolens were used as reporter genes to test our versatile expression systemConclusions
The versatile T. reesei expression system can be applied to produce heterologous proteins with high purity and high yield.13.
Marie GB Hansen Mette Christoffersen Line R Thuesen Morten R Petersen Anders M Bojesen 《Acta veterinaria Scandinavica》2010,52(1):3
Background
Borrelia burgdorferi sensu lato and Anaplasma phagocytophilum are able to infect horses. However, the extend to which Danish horses are infected and seroconvert due to these two bacteria is unknown. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the seroprevalence of B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum in Danish horses.Methods
A total of 390 blood samples collected from all major regions of Denmark and with a geographical distribution corresponding to the density of the Danish horse population were analyzed. All samples were examined for the presence of antibodies against B. burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum by the use of the SNAP®4DX ® ELISA test.Results
Overall, 29.0% of the horses were seropositive for B. burgdorferi sensu lato whereas 22.3% were seropositive for A. phagocytophilum.Conclusions
Antibodies against B burgdorferi sensu lato and A. phagocytophilum are commonly found among Danish horses thus showing that Danish horses are frequently infected by these organisms.14.
Sabine Güsewell 《Plant and Soil》2017,415(1-2):57-72
Aims
Dauciform roots (DR) are formed by some Cyperaceae under phosphorus (P) deficiency. To advance our understanding of their physiological function, I ask: Is DR formation regulated by shoot P status or external P supply? How does it respond to nitrogen (N)? Do DR enhance root monoesterase, diesterase or phytase activities and ability to utilize organic P?Methods
Greenhouse experiments were carried out with two Carex species grown in sand with (1) different combinations of N and P supply, (2) local supply of N or P to root halves, and (3) different organic P forms.Results
Carex flava produced DR in all treatments. The density of DR and phosphatase activities increased with N supply; they were regulated by shoot P status and external N (but not P) supply. All phosphatase activities increased with DR density. Carex muricata produced no DR and had lower diesterase activity than C. flava but both species grew equally well with diester-P.Conclusions
DR and phosphatase activities are regulated by both N and P supply. Similar growth responses to nutrients in both species suggest small costs and benefits of DR under experimental conditions but confirmation is needed for plants grown on natural soils.15.
Caroline S. Rempe Scott C. Lenaghan Kellie P. Burris C. Neal StewartJr. 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(2):16
Introduction
Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium is a Gram-negative enteropathogen that infects millions of people worldwide each year; the emergence of drug-resistant strains has heightened the need for novel treatments. Aqueous extracts of yerba mate (Ilex paraguariensis) effectively inhibit drug-resistant S. Typhimurium in vitro. Some chemical constituents that contribute to the extract’s antibacterial activity have been identified, but the mechanism of action of the extract is still unknown.Objectives
This study sought to gain insight into the antibacterial mechanism of yerba mate extract against S. Typhimurium.Methods
Assays for catalase activity and membrane permeability were used to select time points for an LC-MS metabolomics analysis of S. Typhimurium intracellular components.Results
Yerba mate extract induced changes in central carbon metabolism in S. Typhimurium, reduced catalase activity by means other than direct inhibition, and did not change membrane integrity despite a significant increase in the production of a cell wall precursor. Additional significant differences were observed in the global metabolic regulators alpha-ketoglutarate and acetylphosphate, the energy-related molecule NAD+, and in an unexpected match to the antibacterial compound yohimbine.Conclusion
This work provides the first evaluation of the mechanism of action of yerba mate extract on S. Typhimurium, revealing a major impact on central carbon metabolism, catalase activity, and possible metabolic links to interference in energy production and membrane integrity. The putative identification of the antibacterial compound yohimbine and the many unidentified compounds provides additional avenues for future investigations of yerba mate compounds capable of traversing or binding to S. Typhimurium’s membrane.16.
17.
Aims
During the first days after harvest of Lolium perenne L., N remobilized from roots and stubble forms the main N source for regrowth. Low N uptake from the soil during this period may lead to N loss if N fertilizer is applied too soon. Furthermore, temporary N deprivation has been found to stimulate root growth. We therefore hypothesized that a strategic delay in N application after harvest may improve N-use efficiency of L. perenne grassland by increasing root biomass and reducing N loss.Methods
In a laboratory and field experiment with L. perenne, we delayed N fertilizer application after harvest for 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days, repeated this for up to six harvest cycles, and determined effects on herbage yield, herbage N uptake and root biomass.Results
In both experiments, delaying N application for up to 12 days had no significant effect on root biomass or total herbage N uptake, but it significantly reduced total herbage yield in the laboratory experiment. Total yield tended to be highest when N application was delayed for 3 days. Two growth periods in the field experiment showed significantly higher N uptake when N application was delayed, possibly due to rainfall-induced N losses in the treatments with shorter delay.Conclusions
Our results do not provide evidence that delaying N application improves N-use efficiency of L. perenne grassland by increasing root biomass. However, strategic timing of N fertilizer application based on rainfall forecasts could contribute to improve N-use efficiency by reducing N losses from leaching and denitrification.18.
Objectives
With the view of designing a single biocatalyst for biorefining, carbazole dioxygenase was cloned from Pseudomonas sp. and expressed in Rhodococcus sp.Results
The recombinant, IGTS8, degraded both carbazole and dibenzothiophene at 400 mg/l in 24 h. Maximum carbazole degradation was in 1:1 (v/v) hexadecane/aqueous phase. Anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, fluoranthene and fluorine were also degraded without affecting the aliphatic component.Conclusions
Recombinant Rhodococcus sp. IGTS8 can function as a single biocatalyst for removing major contaminants of fossil fuels viz. dibenzothiophene, carbazole and polyaromatic compounds.19.
Tianzhen Li Wei Zhou Huiping Bi Yibin Zhuang Tongcun Zhang Tao Liu 《Biotechnology letters》2018,40(7):1057-1065
Objectives
To achieve biosynthesis of caffeoylmalic acid from glucose in engineered Escherichia coli.Results
We constructed the biosynthetic pathway of caffeoylmalic acid in E. coli by co-expression of heterologous genes RgTAL, HpaBC, At4CL2 and HCT2. To enhance the production of caffeoylmalic acid, we optimized the tyrosine metabolic pathway of E. coli to increase the supply of the substrate caffeic acid. Consequently, an E. coli–E. coli co-culture system was used for the efficient production of caffeoylmalic acid. The final titer of caffeoylmalic acid reached 570.1 mg/L.Conclusions
Microbial production of caffeoylmalic acid using glucose has application potential. In addition, microbial co-culture is an efficient tool for producing caffeic acid esters.20.
Xiaoxiao Liu Mollie Enright Cornelius S. Barry A. Daniel Jones 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2017,13(7):85