正常的和转化的C3H小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞neu基因结构的初步研究

应用ＰＣＲ－ＳＳＣＰ技术并结合Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交从基因水平对正常和＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ恶生转化小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞ＮＣ３Ｈ１０和ＴＣ３Ｈ１０中ｎｅｕ基因进行研究,Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ印迹杂交结果表明恶性转化的ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞的ｎｅｕ基因出现重排和扩增,ＳＳＣＰ分析未发现ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因跨膜区突变,上述结果说明ＴＣ３Ｈ１０细胞ｎｅｕ基因结构异常可能在跨膜区外,ｎｅｕ基因异常在＾３Ｈ－ＴｄＲ诱导的     

转化的大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系差异表达基因的筛选研究

来源于转化的大鼠胚胎成纤维细胞系的两株细胞,A1－5细胞与B4细胞相比表现出非常强的抗辐射性并伴随不同寻常强的G2延迟效应;用PCR选择性抑制消减杂交方法对这两株细胞进行差减,希望找到对A1－5细胞表现出的不同寻常的表型起关键作用的某一个或某一些基因。结果得到了160个差减转化子,逐个进行序列测定,并进行Dot blot杂交,共得到35个差异表达基因片段（EST）。通过对美国国家生物技术信息中心（NCBI）的非冗余序列库（NT）、鼠EST库及人EST库的BLAST进行同源检索,发现其中21个代表了尚未登录的新基因,另外14个分别与已知基因高度同源。     

猪MSTN基因多态性及其SNPs的研究

双臀基因 (MSTN)在发育和成熟的骨骼肌中特异表达 ,并对肌肉具有负调控作用。采用PCR SSCP技术研究猪MSTN基因的第 2外显子和第 3外显子区域的DNA多态性。结果发现在两个外显子中均存在PCR SSCP多态性 ,在大白猪中 ,第 2外显子的多态性表现出 3种基因型 (CC、CT和TT) ;第 3外显子的多态性表现出两种基因型(AG和GG)。与猪生产性状进行相关性分析发现 :第 2外显子的多态性与生产性状基本无相关 ,第 3外显子的多态性与猪的背膘厚呈显著性相关 (P <0 0 5 ) ,与瘦肉率相关不显著 (P >0 0 5 )。对具DNA多态性的片段测序分析发现 :位于MSTN基因cDNA序列第 4 80处 (第 2外显子 )发生了单碱基的改变 (G→T)和第 10 0 8处 (第 3外显子 )发生单碱基的改变 (A→G) ,两处碱基的改变均没有导致氨基酸的变化 ,但第 10 0 8处碱基的改变 ,产生了ApaⅠ限制性内切酶位点 ,并建立了以ApaⅠ酶切位点的PCR RFLP分子标记技术     

HCMV基因在人和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞中表达的差异性研究

人巨细胞病毒（human cytomegalovirus, HCMV）种属特异性机制尚不清楚。研究通过检测HCMVADl69体外感染人胚胎成纤维细胞（Human embryo fibroblast, HEF）和小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞（mouse embryo fibroblast, MEF）后病毒基因的表达情况,探讨HCMV种属特异性的可能分子机制。首先用HCMV AD169（MOI=5）分别感染HEF和MEF,相差显微镜逐日观察细胞的形态学变化;RT—PCR检测HCMV即刻早期（IE1、IE2）、早期（uL84）和晚期基因（UL83）的表达情况;Western—blot和免疫荧光检测病毒基因编码蛋白表达的情况。形态学观察发现HEF感染HCMV后逐渐变大变圆并相互融合,第4天可见典型的HCMV特征性病变效应,而MEF则未出现上述的变化;RT-PCR和Western—blot表明HEF组表达即刻早期基因IE1和IE2、早期基因uL84和晚期基因UL83 mRNA以及各基因所编码的蛋白,且相对表达量显著高于模拟感染组（P〈0．01）;而MEF组仅IEl和IE2mRNA和蛋白相对表达量显著低于HEF组（P〈0．05）,而高于模拟感染组（P〈0．01）。免疫荧光检测发现HEF感染72h表达IE和UL83蛋白,而MEF则无明显表达。以上结果表明,HC—MV不能在MEF中复制并产生完整子代病毒颗粒,且病毒基因表达阻止在IE2基因表达之后和UL84基因表达之前,其种属特异性可能与即刻早期蛋白低水平的表达量有关。     

RASSF1A和Runx3基因启动子区甲基化在胃癌组织中的表达及意义

目的：检测胃癌组织中RASSFlA和Runx3基因启动子区甲基化状态,探讨二者与胃癌发生发展的关系。方法：采用甲基化特异性PCR（MSP）技术检测57例胃癌组织和相应癌旁组织及30例正常胃黏膜组织中RASSFlA和Runx3基因启动子区甲基化状态。结果：RASSFlA和Runx3甲基化在正常组未见表达。胃癌组RASSFlA基因甲基化率为64．9％（37／57）,明显高于癌旁组的7．0％（4／57）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）,胃癌组Runx3基因甲基化率为49．1％（28／57）,明显高于癌旁组5．3％（3／57）,差异有统计学意义（P〈O．05）。胃癌组RASSFlA和Runx3基因甲基化率为68．4％（39／57）,明显高于癌旁组的8．8％（5／57）,差异有统计学意义（P〈0．05）。结论：RASSFlA和Runx3基因启动子区高甲基化与胃癌的发生密切相关,有望为胃癌的早期诊治提供理论依据。     

小鼠胚胎干细胞中MT—Ⅱ基因的定位改变

构建了小鼠MT－Ⅱ基因的定位整合载体pMT－Ⅱ6.7,这是一个置换型载体,它包含了6．7kb的与MT－Ⅱ基因及其旁侧序列同源的序列。用电穿孔方法将这一载体转化入小鼠ES细胞Mespu22中,在G418R、GancR的双抗性克隆中,用PCR方法进行筛选,从104个克隆中获得26个阳性克隆;对这26个克隆进行核型分析表明,其中有2个克隆,即克隆5－2和8-4的核型（2n=40,XY）正常率很高,达到84％和88％;进一步用Southern杂交分析,结果证明,在MT－Ⅱ基因位点确实发生了定位整合事件。利用这两个克隆的细胞进行体内、体外分化实验表明,它们具有体内、体外分化能力,进一步进行了嵌合体的制作,现已获得用克隆8-4细胞制作的嵌合体小鼠。     

ES小鼠和ES细胞中H19基因甲基化状态

为探讨印迹基因H19的甲基化状态与ES小鼠胚胎发育之间的关系, 以遗传背景相同的正常成年对照小鼠、22只成年ES小鼠和8只新生死亡的ES小鼠以及不同传代次数的ES细胞为实验材料, 利用甲基化敏感性限制性内切酶-PCR技术分别检测了其印迹基因H19的5′非翻译区两个位点的甲基化状态。结果表明, 发育至成年的ES小鼠印迹基因H19所检测位点的甲基化状态与正常成年对照小鼠之间没有差异, 而新生死亡的ES小鼠印迹基因H19所检测位点的甲基化状态与成年ES小鼠以及正常成年对照小鼠相比则存在明显差异。推测ES细胞中印迹基因H19所检测位点的甲基化状态与成年ES小鼠以及正常成年对照小鼠之间可能存在 差异。     

RNA干扰Dnmt1和Dnmt3b对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞凋亡和基因组DNA甲基化水平的影响

DNA甲基转移酶1(DNMT1)负责DNA甲基化维持,DNA甲基转移酶3b(DNMT3b)主要负责DNA从头甲基化,在体细胞中同时干扰Dnmt1、Dnmt3b表达会给细胞带来何种影响还未见报道。实验以小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞为实验对象,用RNA干扰方法对Dnmt1和Dnmt3b进行敲低,研究分别干扰和同时干扰这两个基因对小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞凋亡、基因组甲基化水平的影响。研究发现,si RNA转染后24 h,Dnmt3b干扰组和Dnmt1+Dnmt3b同时干扰组细胞的增殖细胞核抗原(PCNA)mRNA水平显著降低(P0.05);转染后48h,Dnmt3b单独干扰组、Dnmt1+Dnmt3b同时干扰组中细胞凋亡显著增加(P0.05);Dnmt3b单独干扰组细胞基因组甲基化水平下降32%(P0.01),Dnmt1+Dnmt3b同时干扰组细胞的基因组甲基化水平下降约44%(P0.01)。结果表明,DNMT3b在小鼠胚胎成纤维细胞正常增殖、基因组甲基化水平的维持上具有重要作用。     

表皮生长因子对转化的小鼠成纤维细胞DNA拓扑异构酶活性的影响

我们用表皮生长因子对用氚标记的脱氧胸苷转化的C_3H_(10)T1/2 CL8细胞进行刺激,研究了表皮生长因子对该细胞胞浆及胞核内DNA拓扑异构酶活性的影响,结果发现,表皮生长因子可以使转化的小鼠成纤维细胞胞浆和胞核内的DNA拓扑异构酶活性增加。     

猪雌激素受体基因（ESR）点突变的PCR－SSCP检测

雌激素受体基因(ESR)是控制猪高产仔数的主效基因之一,具有明显的基因效应:BB型比AA型母猪胎总产仔数和产活仔数分别高出1.40～3.37和0.63～3.58头,是目前商品猪育种和生产中重点检测的主要基因之一。常规采用PCR－RFLPs方法区分该基因由点突变造成的3种不同的基因型。本研究建立1种基于PCR的SSCP(single－stranded conformation polymorphism)方法对猪ESR该位置的点突变进行检测,具有操作简便、灵敏度高和不需要酶切等优点,可以在育种实践中广泛应用。 Abstract:ESR is a major gene controlling litter size in swine.The sows of BB genotype produce 1.40～3.37 more piglets of the total number born and 1.07～2.40 piglets of the number born alive respectively comparing with those of AA genotype.ESR has been one of the widely detected genes in pig breeding and production.Usually the point mutation of ESR gene was detected by PCR-RFLP approach.The present study established a novel method based on PCR-SSCP,with the advantage of easy maniputation,high sensitivity and no necessity for restriction enzyme digestion.This method may be applied for commercial detection of the point mutation of ESR gene in swine breeding.     

Primary Cilia Are Not Required for Normal Canonical Wnt Signaling in the Mouse Embryo

Background

Sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling in the mouse requires the microtubule-based organelle, the primary cilium. The primary cilium is assembled and maintained through the process of intraflagellar transport (IFT) and the response to Shh is blocked in mouse mutants that lack proteins required for IFT. Although the phenotypes of mouse IFT mutants do not overlap with phenotypes of known Wnt pathway mutants, recent studies report data suggesting that the primary cilium modulates responses to Wnt signals.

Methodology/Principal Findings

We therefore carried out a systematic analysis of canonical Wnt signaling in mutant embryos and cells that lack primary cilia because of loss of the anterograde IFT kinesin-II motor (Kif3a) or IFT complex B proteins (Ift172 or Ift88). We also analyzed mutant embryos with abnormal primary cilia due to defects in retrograde IFT (Dync2h1). The mouse IFT mutants express the canonical Wnt target Axin2 and activate a transgenic canonical Wnt reporter, BAT-gal, in the normal spatial pattern and to the same quantitative level as wild type littermates. Similarly, mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) derived from IFT mutants respond normally to added Wnt3a. The switch from canonical to non-canonical Wnt also appears normal in IFT mutant MEFs, as both wild-type and mutant cells do not activate the canonical Wnt reporter in the presence of both Wnt3a and Wnt5a.

Conclusions

We conclude that loss of primary cilia or defects in retrograde IFT do not affect the response of the midgestation embryo or embryo-derived fibroblasts to Wnt ligands.     

c－erbB2／neu扩增诱导人前列腺癌细胞的转移能力

用突变的ｃ－ｅｒｂＢ２／ｎｅｕ癌基因转染人类ＰＣ３细胞系,使转化克隆Ｎ３５具有癌转移能力,在接种到裸鼠后能向肺、骨髓等远处转移．各项实验指标证实,外源性的ｎｅｕ基因已整合至人类细胞的染色质ＤＮＡ中,并获得基因扩增和高表达．结果提示ｎｅｕ癌基因与肿瘤的发展和转移能力的形成有密切的关系．     

Intranuclear Distribution of Galectin-3 in Mouse 3T3 Fibroblasts: Comparative Analyses by Immunofluorescence and Immunoelectron Microscopy

The intracellular distribution of carbohydrate binding protein 35 (CBP35), recently named galectin-3, was studied in mouse 3T3 fibroblasts, using immunofluorescence at the light microscope level and immunogold labeling at the ultrastructural level. In general, serum-stimulated, proliferating cells showed higher levels of labeling than quiescent cultures of the same cells. In the proliferating cells, the labeling intensity was higher in the nucleus than in the cytoplasm. Treatment of permeabilized cells or thin sections with ribonuclease A decreased the immunolabeling intensity, whereas parallel control treatments with deoxyribonuclease I failed to yield the same effect. While there appears to be general agreement between the immunofluorescence and the ultrastructural results regarding the level of CBP35 and its association with nuclear ribonucleoprotein complexes, there was one striking difference in terms of labeling of specific subnuclear structures. Immunofluorescence results indicate diffuse distribution of CBP35 within the nucleus, but the label appears to be excluded from certain "black holes," which most probably correspond to nucleoli. On the other hand, immunogold particles were observed in electron microscopy, mainly in interchromatin spaces, except for interchromatin granule clusters, at the border of condensed chromatin, on the dense fibrillar component, and at the periphery of the fibrillar centers of nucleoli.     

Overexpression of MyoD-inducible lysosomal sialidase (neu1) inhibits myogenesis in C2C12 cells

Lysosomal sialidase, encoded by neu1, is required for the removal of terminal sialic acid residues from a variety of sialoglycoconjugates. In humans, deficiency of this enzyme results in the inborn error of metabolism sialidosis, characterized by the accumulation of sialoglycoconjugates within the nervous system and in peripheral organs. A subset of sialidosis patients present with symptoms of profound muscle dysfunction, including progressive muscular atrophy. We have previously shown that the 5' regulatory region of murine neu1 is typical of skeletal muscle-specific genes due to the presence of several E-boxes and its responsiveness to stimulation by muscle regulatory factors (MRFs) such as MyoD. Here, we report that sialidase activity is increased 6-fold during the first 24 h of differentiation of C2C12 myoblasts followed by an attenuation to pre-differentiation levels by 48 h. We demonstrate that the lysosomal sialidase promoter is highly upregulated by MyoD through a mechanism that is dependent on the MyoD chromatin remodeling domain. We also show that the sialidase promoter is repressed by activated MEK. Inappropriate overexpression of sialidase 48 h after the onset of differentiation results in downregulation of myogenin as well as myosin heavy chain expression and in a halt of the differentiation cascade. This study indicates that lysosomal sialidase is a potent regulator of the early stages of myogenesis.     

Replication of Radiation-Induced Murine Leukemia Virus in Normal and Transformed Mouse Cells

Autonomous radiation-induced leukemia virus (RadLV) replication could be detected in mouse 3T3 cells by the development of interference with murine sarcoma virus (MSV), the appearance of covert helper activity for defective MSV, and by the induction of cytopathic effect type foci in MSV-transformed, leukemia virus-negative (S+L-) cells. A chronic infection of either 3T3 or S+L- cells with RadLV could be established. Both RadLV infectivity and helper activity were demonstrated in the same peak at a buoyant density of 1.16 g/cm(3). Additionally a soluble inhibitor of MSV focus formation was found which could be separated from infectious RadLV. Examination of cell clones derived from chronically infected 3T3 cells showed that essentially every cell was infected and produced both infectious RadLV and low levels of inhibitor. Quantitative comparisons of autonomously replicating RadLV in normal 3T3 and S+L- cells suggested that RadLV may consist of several populations of virus of varying replicative potential. Apparently 99% of RadLV can be assayed only as helper units in normal cells or as replicative units in S+L- cells. To explain the atypical results, a model for RadLV deficiency is proposed.