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1.
Koichi Koshimizu Hajime Ohigashi Michael A. Huffman Toshisada Nishida Hiroyuki Takasaki 《International journal of primatology》1993,14(2):345-356
Potential medicinal plants for wild chimpanzees have been studied in order to discover their physiologically active compounds. Tests of the physiological activity of 3 plant species—Vernonia amygdalina, Aspilia mossambicensis, andFicus exasperata—indicate that they contain a variety of active compounds. From one species,V. amygdalina, an antitumor agent and 2 possible antitumor promoters are identified. Furthermore, steroid glucosides were isolated as the bitter substances. These structurally new compounds are expected to exhibit a number of significant physiological activities. The chemical investigation of possible medicinal plants used by chimpanzees should be helpful in recovering naturally occurring compounds of medicinal significance for human use. 相似文献
2.
Mohammad Ali Nisar Ahmad Haji Khan Gul Shad Ali 《Critical reviews in biotechnology》2017,37(7):833-851
The genus Artemisia has been utilized worldwide due to its immense potential for protection against various diseases, especially malaria. Artemisia absinthium, previously renowned for its utilization in the popular beverage absinthe, is gaining resurgence due to its extensive pharmacological activities. Like A. annua, this species exhibits strong biological activities like antimalarial, anticancer and antioxidant. Although artemisinin was found to be the major metabolite for its antimalarial effects, several flavonoids and terpenoids are considered to possess biological activities when used alone and also to synergistically boost the bioavailability of artemisinin. However, due to the limited quantities of these metabolites in wild plants, in vitro cultures were established and strategies have been adopted to enhance medicinally important secondary metabolites in these cultures. This review elaborates on the traditional medicinal uses of Artemisia species and explains current trends to establish cell cultures of A. annua and A. absinthium for enhanced production of medicinally important secondary metabolites. 相似文献
3.
Summary Medicinal plants are valuable sources of medicinal and many other pharmaceutical products. The conventional propagation method
is the principal means of propagation and takes a long time for multiplication because of a low rate of fruit set, and/or
poor germination and also sometimes clonal uniformity is not maintained through seeds. The plants used in the phyto-pharmaceutical
preparations are obtained mainly from the natural growing areas. With the increase in the demand for the erude drugs, the
plants are being overexploited, threatening the survival of many rate species. Also, many medicinal plant species are disappearing
at an alarming rate due to rapid agricultural and urban development, uncontrolled deforestation, and indiscriminate collection.
Advanced biotechnological methods of culturing plant cells and tissues should provide new means for conserving and rapidly
propagating valuable, rare, and endangered medicinal plants. The purpose of the present review is to focus the application
of tissue culture technology for in vitro propagation via somatic embryogenesis and organogenesis and the cell suspension culture with suitable examples reported earlier.
An overview of tissue culture studies on important Chinese medicinal plants and related species is presented. 相似文献
4.
Ayurvedic medicine, which uses decoctions made of medicinal plants, is used to cure diseases in many Asian countries including Sri Lanka. Although proper storage facilities for medicinal plants are unavailable in Sri Lanka, neither the potential for growth of toxigenic fungi nor their ability to produce mycotoxins in stored medicinal plants has been investigated. We isolated three Fusarium species, F. culmorum, F. acuminatum and F. graminearum from the medicinal plant Tribulus terrestris. Culture extracts of the 3 Fusarium spp. were cytotoxic to mammalian cell lines BHK-21 and HEP-2. Three toxic metabolites produced by Fusarium spp; T-2 toxin, zearalenone, and diacetoxyscirpenol were also cytotoxic to the same mammalian cell lines. The 3 Fusarium spp. grown on rice media produced zearalenone. Plant material destined for medicinal use should be stored under suitable conditions to prevent growth of naturally occurring toxigenic fungi prior to its use. 相似文献
5.
Désilets MC Garrel D Couillard C Tremblay A Després JP Bouchard C Delisle H 《Obesity (Silver Spring, Md.)》2006,14(6):1019-1027
Objectives: People of African descent may be at greater risk of metabolic syndrome (MS) compared with whites. We examined the associations among MS markers, body composition, and resting metabolic rate (RMR) in black Haitians and in white subjects living in Quebec, Canada. Research Methods and Procedures: Forty randomly selected Haitians were matched with 40 white subjects for age, sex, and BMI. Glycemic status and insulin resistance were assessed based on a 3‐hour glucose tolerance test. Blood lipids, blood pressure, abdominal fat (computed tomography), and waist circumference (WC) were measured. RMR was estimated by indirect calorimetry. Results: Triglycerides were significantly correlated with blood pressure only in Haitians and with the area under the curve for insulin only in whites. Haitians had significantly (p < 0.05) lower triglycerides and higher high‐density lipoprotein‐cholesterol concentrations but higher blood pressure than whites at any given WC value. General linear models showed that Haitians had less visceral adipose tissue than whites for the same WC. RMR was lower among Haitians for any given value of BMI or WC than in whites. Also, WC was more strongly associated with glucose area under the curve and to log‐homeostasis model assessment in white than in Haitian subjects. Discussion: The MS may be ethnospecific in its features and etiology. The standard anthropometric indices of obesity may not be as effective in populations of African descent compared with whites, unless appropriate cut‐off values are defined. 相似文献
6.
Peringattulli Narayanan Krishnan S. W. Decruse R. K. Radha 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2011,47(1):110-122
Climate change, alien species, and use of land for intensive farming and development are causing severe threat to the plant
genetic diversity worldwide. Hence, conservation of biodiversity is considered fundamental and also provides the livelihoods
to millions of people worldwide. Medicinal plants play a key role in the treatment of a number of diseases, and they are only
the source of medicine for majority of people in the developing world. The tropical regions of the world supply the bulk of
current global demand for “natural medicine,” albeit with increasing threat to populations in the world and its genetic diversity.
India is a major center of origin and diversity of crop and medicinal plants. India poses out 20,000 species of higher plants,
one third of it being endemic and 500 species are categorized to have medicinal value. The Western Ghats is one of the major
repositories of medicinal plants. It harbors around 4,000 species of higher plants of which 450 species are threatened. Currently,
the number of species added to the red list category in this region is increasing, and the valuable genetic resources are
being lost at a rapid rate. Demand for medicinal plants is increasing, and this leads to unscrupulous collection from the
wild and adulteration of supplies. Providing high-quality planting material for sustainable use and thereby saving the genetic
diversity of plants in the wild is important. During the last 25 years of intensive research, Tropical Botanic Garden and
Research Institute has developed in vitro protocol for rapid regeneration and establishment of about 40 medicinally important rare and threatened plants of Western
Ghats. In situ conservation alone would not be effective in safeguarding these important species. Thus, utilizing the biotechnoligical approach
to complement ex situ conservation program is becoming vital. Propagating biotechnology tools in plant conservation program is a prerequisite to
succeed in sustainable use and to complement the existing ex situ measures. In addition to propagation, storage of these valuable genetic resources is equally important. In vitro slow growth of 35 species and cryopreservation using embryo/meristem/seed in 20 different species of rare medicinal plants
of this region is accomplished. Plants developed in vitro of ten medicinal plants, which have restricted distribution, were reintroduced in the natural habitat as well. 相似文献
7.
Rosa M González-Amaro Angélica Martínez-Bernal Francisco Basurto-Peña Heike Vibrans 《Journal of ethnobiology and ethnomedicine》2009,5(1):1-9
Background
Haitian migrants played an important role shaping Cuban culture and traditional ethnobotanical knowledge. An ethnobotanical investigation was conducted to collect information on medicinal plant use by Haitian immigrants and their descendants in the Province of Camagüey, Cuba.Methods
Information was obtained from semi-structured interviews with Haitian immigrants and their descendants, direct observations, and by reviewing reports of traditional Haitian medicine in the literature.Results
Informants reported using 123 plant species belonging to 112 genera in 63 families. Haitian immigrants and their descendants mainly decoct or infuse aerial parts and ingest them, but medicinal baths are also relevant. Some 22 herbal mixtures are reported, including formulas for a preparation obtained using the fruit of Crescentia cujete. Cultural aspects related to traditional plant posology are addressed, as well as changes and adaptation of Haitian medicinal knowledge with emigration and integration over time.Conclusion
The rapid disappearance of Haitian migrants' traditional culture due to integration and urbanization suggests that unrecorded ethnomedicinal information may be lost forever. Given this, as well as the poor availability of ethnobotanical data relating to traditional Haitian medicine, there is an urgent need to record this knowledge. 相似文献8.
五加科植物多为重要的中药材,利用发根农杆菌诱导五加科药用植物产生发状根,并从中获取有用的次生代谢产物,是保护五加科珍稀药用植物资源和实现有效次生代谢物质工业化生产的有效途径。该文在概述发根农杆菌转化药用植物研究历程和转化机理研究的基础上,对近年来在发根农杆菌诱导五加科植物的种类及诱导率、影响发根农杆菌诱导五加科植物的各种因素和利用发根农杆菌诱导五加科植物获得再生植株等方面研究进行了重点分析,并对今后亟需研究的几个重点方向进行了展望,以期为五加科药用植物的良性开发和合理利用提供参考。 相似文献
9.
Helen Celia Morrogh-Bernard 《International journal of primatology》2008,29(4):1059-1064
Orangutans exhibit fur-rubbing possibly for medicinal use. I hypothesize that they use a species of Commelina, an uncommon herb in the peat-swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Borneo, as either an antibacterial or anti-inflammatory
agent. In Central Kalimantan, local indigenous people use the same species as an external medication to treat their arms after
a stroke, for muscular pain, and for sore bones and swellings. Thus, the possible convergence of human and orangutan use of
Commelina may indicate that orangutans are using it for a similar purpose. 相似文献
10.
Shazia Parveen Abdul Hamid Wani Athar Ali Ganie Shaukat Ahmad Pala Riyaz Ahmad Mir 《Archives Of Phytopathology And Plant Protection》2013,46(3):279-284
The inhibitory activity of five plant extracts viz. Artemisia absinthium L., Rumex obtusifolius L., Taraxacum officinale Weber ex Wiggers, Plantago lanceolata L. and Malva sylvestris L. were evaluated against the mycelial growth of three fungi Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Penicillium expansum Link ex Thom. and Mucor piriformis Fisher that cause rot diseases in fruits and vegetables resulting in low yield and quality of fruits and vegetables. Results revealed that all the concentrations of plant extracts brought about significant inhibition in the mycelial growth of these pathogenic fungi. However, the highest concentration caused maximum inhibition in the mycelial growth followed by lower concentrations of plant extracts. The extract of A. absinthium leaves at highest concentration (S) proved highly effective in inhibiting the mycelial growth of all these pathogenic fungi followed by other plant extracts. These plants thus may have potential as the new natural fungicide for management of fungal rot diseases. 相似文献
11.
Asparagus racemosus Willd. is an important medicinal plant of tropical and subtropical India. Its medicinal usage has been reported in the Indian
and British Pharmacopoeias and in traditional systems of medicine such as Ayurveda, Unani, and Siddha. The multiple uses of
this species have increased its commercial demand, resulting in over-exploitation. Because of destructive harvesting, the
natural population of A. racemosus is rapidly disappearing, and it is recognized as ‘vulnerable’ (Warner et al., Some important medicinal plants of the Western
Ghats, India: a profile. International Development Research Centre, Artstock, New Delhi, India, 15 pp, 2001). The development of an efficient micropropagation protocol will play a significant role in meeting the requirements for
commercial cultivation, thereby conserving the species in its natural habitat. In the present study, in vitro shoot proliferation was obtained by culturing single node segments in Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium supplemented with
3.69 μM 2-isopentyl adenine and 3% sucrose with a multiplication rate of 3.5. For proper root formation, the in vitro-formed shoot clusters were cultured on half strength (major salts reduced to half) MS medium with 1.61 μM 1-naphthalene acetic
acid, 0.46 μM kinetin, 98.91 μM adenine sulfate, 500 mg/l malt extract, 198.25 μM phloroglucinol, and 3% sucrose. On this
medium, 85% rooting was observed within 20 d. Following a simple hardening procedure involving sequential transfer of plants
to a greenhouse, polyhouse, and shade net, the tissue-cultured plants were transferred to the field where the survival rate
was 100%. 相似文献
12.
Huang Heping Gao Shanlin Chen Lanlan Jiao Xiaoke 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2008,44(5):448-455
Dioscorea zingiberensis is an important medicinal plant and a source of diosgenin in China. We report research on the induction, characteristics,
and chemical assays of polyploid plants of D. zingiberensis. Immersing calli in 0.3% colchicine solution for 16 h prior to culture induced a high number of autotetraploid plants. The
induction rate reached as high as 36.7% of treated calli. More than 50 lines of autotetraploid plants were obtained. All tetraploid
plants showed typical polyploidy characteristics. Twenty selected tetraploid lines were transferred to the field for determination
of morphological characteristics and for chemical assays. Six elite lines have been selected for further selection and breeding
into new varieties for commercial production. 相似文献
13.
Guo X. Xie Yan Ni Ming M. Su Yuan Y. Zhang Ai H. Zhao Xian F. Gao Zhong Liu Pei G. Xiao Wei Jia 《Metabolomics : Official journal of the Metabolomic Society》2008,4(3):248-260
The morphological appearance and some ingredients of Panax ginseng, Panax notoginseng and Panax
japonicus of the Panax genus are similar. However, their pharmacological activities are obviously different due to the significant differences in
the types and quantity of saponins in each herb. In the present study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole
time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOFMS) was used to profile the abundances of metabolites in the three medicinal Panax herbs. Multivariate statistical analysis technique, that is, principle component analysis (PCA) and partial least squares-discriminant
analysis (PLS-DA) were used to discriminate between the Panax samples. PCA of the analytical data showed a clear separation of compositions among the three medicinal herbs. The critical markers such as chikusetsusaponin IVa, ginsenoside R0, ginsenoside Rc, ginsenoside Rb1, ginsenoside Rb2 and
ginsenoside Rg2 accountable for such variations were identified through the corresponding loading weights, and the tentative
identification of biomarkers is completed by the accurate mass of TOFMS and high resolution and high retention time reproducibility
performed by UPLC. The proposed analytical method coupled with multivariate statistical analysis is reliable to analyze a
group of metabolites present in the herbal extracts and other natural products. This method can be further utilized to evaluate
chemical components obtained from different plants and/or the plants of different geographical locations, thereby classifying
the medicinal plant resources and potentially elucidating the mechanism of inherent phytochemical diversity. 相似文献
14.
Although the terrestrial and temperate orchids–fungal biology have been largely explored, knowledge of tropical epiphytic
orchids–fungus relationships, especially on the ecological roles imparted by non-mycorrhizal fungal endophytes, is less known.
Exploitation of the endophytic fungal mycobiota residing in epiphytic orchid plants may be of great importance to further
elucidate the fungal ecology in this special habitat as well as developing new approaches for orchid conversations. The composition
of fungal endophytes associated with leaves, stems and roots of an epiphytic orchid (Dendrobium nobile), a famous Chinese traditional medicinal plant, was investigated. Microscopic imaging, culture-dependant method and molecular
phylogeny were used to estimate their entity and diversity. Totally, there were 172 isolates, at least 14 fungal genera and
33 different morphospecies recovered from 288 samples. Ascomycetes, coelomycetes and hyphomycetes were three major fungal
groups. There were higher overall colonization and isolation rates of endophytic fungi from leaves than from other tissues.
Guignardia mangiferae was the dominant fungal species within leaves; while the endophytic Xylariaceae were frequently observed in all plant tissues; Colletotrichum, Phomopsis and Fusarium were also frequently observed. Phylogenetic analysis based on ITS gene revealed the high diversity of Xylariacea fungi and relatively diverse of non-Xylariacea fungi. Some potentially promising beneficial fungi such as Clonostachys rosea and Trichoderma chlorosporum were found in roots. This is the first report concerning above-ground and below-ground endophytic fungi community of an epiphytic
medicinal orchid, suggesting the ubiquitous distribution of non-mycorrhizal fungal endophytes in orchid plants together with
heterogeneity and tissue specificity of the endophyte assemblage. Possible physiological functions played by these fungal
endophytes and their potential applications are also discussed briefly.
Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. 相似文献
15.
Priyanka Jha Swati Chahal Devendra Kumar Pandey Joginder Singh Ram Prasad Vijay Kumar 《Phyton》2020,89(4):779-794
The use of medicinal plants for different therapeutic values is well
documented in African continent. African diverse biodiversity hotspots provide
a wide range of endemic species, which ensures a potential medicinal value.
The feasible conservation approach and sustainable harvesting for the medicinal
species remains a huge challenge. However, conservation approach through different biotechnological tools such as micropropagation, somatic embryogenesis,
synthetic seed production, hairy root culture, molecular markers based study
and cryopreservation of endemic African medicinal species is much crucial. In
this review, an attempt has been made to provide different in vitro biotechnological approaches for the conservation of African medicinal species. The present
review will be helpful in further technology development and deciding the priorities at decision-making levels for in vitro conservation and sustainable use of
African medicinal species. 相似文献
16.
Antimicrobial properties of Allium sativum (garlic) 总被引:13,自引:0,他引:13
J. C. Harris S. Cottrell S. Plummer D. Lloyd 《Applied microbiology and biotechnology》2001,57(3):282-286
Although garlic has been used for its medicinal properties for thousands of years, investigations into its mode of action are relatively recent. Garlic has a wide spectrum of actions; not only is it antibacterial, antiviral, antifungal and antiprotozoal, but it also has beneficial effects on the cardiovascular and immune systems. Resurgence in the use of natural herbal alternatives has brought the use of medicinal plants to the forefront of pharmacological investigations, and many new drugs are being discovered. This review aims to address the historical use of garlic and its sulfur chemistry, and to provide a basis for further research into its antimicrobial properties. 相似文献
17.
18.
Michael A. Huffman Shunji Gotoh Linda A. Turner Miya Hamai Kozo Yoshida 《Primates; journal of primatology》1997,38(2):111-125
A longitudinal study of nematode infection in chimpanzees was conducted between 1989 and 1994 on the M group chimpanzees of
the Mahale Mountains National Park, Tanzania during two annual dry and rainy season periods and a third rainy season. Chemical
and physical antiparasite properties of medicinal plant use against the strongyle nematodeOesophagostomum stephanostomum have recently been reported at Mahale. Here, the incidence of nematode infections were analyzed for seasonal trends to elucidate
the possible influence of parasite infection on previously reported seasonality of medicinal plant use and to test the hypothesis
that the use of these plants is stimulated byO. stephanostomum. The number of chimpanzees infected byO. stephanostomum was significantly higher in the rainy season than in the dry season of both 1989–1990 and 1991–1992. However, the incidence
ofTrichuris trichura andStrongyloides fuelleborni showed no seasonality. Reinfection of individuals byO. stephanostomum occurred in synchrony with annual variation in rainfall: there was a sharp rise in the occurrence of new infections per individual
within one to two months after the beginning of the first heavy rains of the season. This pattern coincides with the reproductive
cycle of this nematode species.O. stephanostomum (95%) infections were associated significantly more frequently with medicinal plant use than eitherT. trichiura (50%) orS. fuelleborni (40%) infections. These observations are consistent with previous reports for the increased use of these plants during the
rainy season and are consistent the hypothesis that medicinal plant use is stimulated byO. stephanostomum infection. 相似文献
19.
Stephanie J. Salyer Esther M. Ellis Corvil Salomon Christophe Bron Stanley Juin Ryan R. Hemme Elizabeth Hunsperger Emily S. Jentes Roc Magloire Kay M. Tomashek Anne Marie Desormeaux Jorge L. Mu?oz-Jordán Lesly Etienne Manuela Beltran Tyler M. Sharp Daphne Moffett Jordan Tappero Harold S. Margolis Mark A. Katz 《PLoS neglected tropical diseases》2014,8(10)
In October 2012, the Haitian Ministry of Health and the US CDC were notified of 25 recent dengue cases, confirmed by rapid diagnostic tests (RDTs), among non-governmental organization (NGO) workers. We conducted a serosurvey among NGO workers in Léogane and Port-au-Prince to determine the extent of and risk factors for dengue virus infection. Of the total 776 staff from targeted NGOs in Léogane and Port-au-Prince, 173 (22%; 52 expatriates and 121 Haitians) participated. Anti-dengue virus (DENV) IgM antibody was detected in 8 (15%) expatriates and 9 (7%) Haitians, and DENV non-structural protein 1 in one expatriate. Anti-DENV IgG antibody was detected in 162 (94%) participants (79% of expatriates; 100% of Haitians), and confirmed by microneutralization testing as DENV-specific in 17/34 (50%) expatriates and 42/42 (100%) Haitians. Of 254 pupae collected from 68 containers, 65% were Aedes aegypti; 27% were Ae. albopictus. Few NGO workers reported undertaking mosquito-avoidance action. Our findings underscore the risk of dengue in expatriate workers in Haiti and Haitians themselves. 相似文献
20.
湘西地区祛风除湿的医药传统知识历史悠久,但相关药用植物的资源本底和传统知识现状还不够清楚。该文基于民族植物学调查方法,对湘西地区祛风除湿药用植物的组成、相关传统知识、定量评价、实际估价和在《湖南省中药材标准》(2009年版)收录情况等方面进行了系统梳理,并就该类资源的可持续利用提出了相关建议。结果表明:(1)湘西地区目前利用的祛风除湿药用植物共有48科65属71种,以毛茛科(Ranunculaceae)和五加科(Araliaceae)居多。(2)根、全株、茎(藤)为主要利用部位。(3)生活型主要是草本、藤本和灌木,乔木较少。(4)与药用植物相关的传统知识在代际传播方面存在不确定性。(5)寻骨风(Aristolochia mollissima)、威灵仙(Clematis chinensis)和广防风(Anisomeles indica)显示出最高的知识一致性水平,是本次调查中3种最常用的祛风除湿药用植物。(6)当地药用植物的本地价格受市场影响较小,总体维持在较为平稳的水平,且缺乏对药材消费需求的了解。(7)有25种祛风除湿药用植物在《湖南省中药材标准》(2009年版)收录的功能与主治为祛风除湿、关节痹痛、风湿等。随着现阶段我国资源立法的不断完善,建议对湘西地区祛风除湿药用植物相关传统知识加强保护,提高该类资源的生物多样性和可持续利用水平; 并充分利用多学科交叉知识和技术手段,加强区域内传统医药资源的发掘和创新,使湘西丰富的药用植物资源更好地为人类健康做出贡献。 相似文献