贵州独山早石炭世上司组海参化石

从贵州独山早石炭世上司组海参化石的发现,进一步讨论海参集合体的特点及其意义,海参化石组合特征,并与国内外石炭系海参进行对比,同时描述了上司组海参化石8属12种,包括5新种.     

湖南早石炭世海参化石

我国海参化石报道很少,自王成源(1979)首次报道了南京上二叠统的海参化石之后,笔者(1983,1985)报道了湖南中泥盆统一下石炭统的海参化石,丁惠(1985)报道了河南上石炭统的海参化石。此外,笔者还研究了贵州独山下石炭统上司组的海参化石。这些海参化石除了贵州独山上司组的海参化石是从黑色页岩中用15％的过氧化氢溶液分析处理得到之外,其余均是用弱醋酸处理碳酸盐岩时得到的。近几年来,随着海参     

山西平朔矿区石炭系本溪组海参骨片化石的发现

对山西平朔矿区本溪组担水沟灰岩(C2-1)进行醋酸处理,在残渣中发现了相当丰富的海参骨片化石,计13属27种(其中5新种3未定种),1属种不定。这些化石具有筛盘状、车轮状、台盘状、钩状、十字形、勺状和锚形的骨片。所发现的5个新种是:筛盘状的Eocaudina cudgela,E.encentrica和E.thicka;台盘状的Priscopedatus lowspires;十字形的Tetravirga asymmetrica。通过与国内外同时期海参骨片化石的对比,结合牙形刺化石组合,初步认为该动物群时代属于莫斯科期(Moscovian)。这一发现对完善华北该时期海参骨片化石生物地层序列及煤系沉积环境的研究有一定的理论和实际意义。     

河南太原组海参骨片化石的发现

笔者近几年在研究河南石炭纪牙形刺的同时,在醋酸处理过的残渣中发现分离出的许多微小的钙质骨片化石,经研究是属于海参。这些标本主要产于禹县大风口上石炭统太原组L_1、L_3及L_8灰岩中,少量产于荥巩煤田和豫北鹤壁相当层位中,还有一块化石     

新疆柯坪地区石炭系、二叠系海参骨片化石

新疆柯坪地区的石炭系、二叠系产丰富的海参骨片化石,该文描述了7属13种,包括2未定种,3不定种。这些属种在我国湖南、山西及北美等地的石炭系、二叠系中都有分布。据伴生牙形刺、(虫筳)和珊瑚化石来看,本文海参骨片大多产于上石炭—下二叠统。     

西藏申扎县木纠错地区晚三叠世海参骨片化石的发现及其地质意义

本文描述的海参骨片化石采自西藏申扎县木纠错西的多布日一带,主要有Theelia planorbicula Mostler,Theelia uariabilis alouakensis Kzour et Mock等晚三叠世诺利期标准分子。充分显示了海参骨片化石的重要的生物地层意义。该动物群的发现首次确定了西藏自治区北部冈底斯一腾冲地层区永珠蛇绿岩带以南晚三叠世海相地层的存在,并为中特提斯海的演化历史,古地理轮廓的确定,以及青藏高原的形成演变历史提供了新的资料。     

海参花抗氧化作用研究(英文)

目的:近年来关于天然活性成分的抗氧化特性研究越来越受到人们的关注,大量研究表明海参能通过抗氧化作用,减轻自由基对组织的损伤,提高机体免疫力。环磷酰胺可引起组织氧化损伤,导致卵巢早衰。为此,本文着重研究海参花对卵巢早衰(POF)小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法:选取健康雌性昆明小鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只,分别为正常组,模型组,海参花水提物低、高剂量组,海参花醇提物低、高剂量组,海参花冻干粉组和阳性药组。除正常组每天注射生理盐水外,其余各组每天注射环磷酰胺(28mg/kg),连续5天,造成小鼠卵巢早衰、生殖系统紊乱。造模成功后,治疗组分别灌服海参花提取物和阳性药,正常组和模型组给予同体积蒸馏水。末次灌胃禁食,处死迅速解剖取出卵巢和子宫,低温下匀浆组织。测定各组小鼠卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)活性以及丙二醛(MDA)含量,并测定各组小鼠间子宫、卵巢、脾、胸腺脏器系数。结果:与模型组相比,海参花提取物能显著增加小鼠的子宫、卵巢、胸腺等脏器重量,升高卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性,并能降低MDA含量。结论:海参花提取物能改善环磷酰胺引起的卵巢和子宫氧化损伤,具有良好的抗氧化作用,为海参花的研究开发提供理论依据。     

海参花抗氧化作用研究

目的：近年来关于天然活性成分的抗氧化特性研究越来越受到人们的关注,大量研究表明海参能通过抗氧化作用,减轻自由基对组织的损伤,提高机体免疫力。环磷酰胺可引起组织氧化损伤,导致卵巢早衰。为此,本文着重研究海参花对卵巢早衰（POF）小鼠的抗氧化作用。方法：选取健康雌性昆明小鼠80只,随机分为8组,每组10只,分别为正常组,模型组,海参花水提物低、高剂量组,海参花醇提物低、高剂量组,海参花冻干粉组和阳性药组。除正常组每天注射生理盐水外,其余各组每天注射环磷酰胺（28mg/kg）,连续5天,造成小鼠卵巢早衰、生殖系统紊乱。造模成功后,治疗组分别灌服海参花提取物和阳性药,正常组和模型组给予同体积蒸馏水。末次灌胃禁食,处死迅速解剖取出卵巢和子宫,低温下匀浆组织。测定各组小鼠卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶（GSH-Px）活性以及丙二醛（MDA）含量,并测定各组小鼠间子宫、卵巢、脾、胸腺脏器系数。结果：与模型组相比,海参花提取物能显著增加小鼠的子宫、卵巢、胸腺等脏器重量,升高卵巢及子宫组织中总蛋白含量、SOD活性、GSH-Px活性,并能降低MDA含量。结论：海参花提取物能改善环磷酰胺引起的卵巢和子宫氧化损伤,具有良好的抗氧化作用,为海参花的研究开发提供理论依据。     

宁夏六盘山盆地海参1井上侏罗统—上白垩统微体化石组合

六盘山盆地海原凹陷肖家湾构造的海参1井钻遇中生代地层。其中安定组见孢粉化石Pinuspollenites-Ali-sporites-Araucariacites组合,时代定为晚侏罗世。和尚铺组含介形类和孢粉化石Cypridea(Cypridea)unicosta-ta-Cypridea(Ulwellia)koskulensis组合、Pinuspollenites-Classopollis-Schizaeoisporites组合和大量Peckisphaera paragranulifera,李洼峡组含轮藻和孢粉化石Aclistochara huihuibaoensis-Mesochara cf. voluta-Sphaerochara组合、Classopollis-Cicatricosisporites-Granudiscus组合和介形类Damonella cf. mediocris,Cypridea(Yumenia) sp.等,和尚铺组和李洼峡组的时代可归于早白垩世早中期(Hauterivian—Barremian)。乃家河组产轮藻化石Raskyae-chara sp.,Obtusochara cf. subcylindrica等,时代可能是晚白垩世。     

海参肽对db/db小鼠降糖作用和炎症反应程度的影响

目的：观察海参肽对2型糖尿病模型小鼠的降糖作用和炎症反应程度的影响作用,为海参肽在糖尿病降糖作用以及抗炎作用提供科学依据。方法：本研究拟以海参肽为干预物,以db/db小鼠为模型动物开展研究。选用空腹血糖水平≥11.1mmol/L的db/db小鼠,适应饲养1w后,以不同浓度的海参肽连续灌胃45d,期间观察其毛色、活动情况以及饮水排尿量,并于实验前、中、后期测定空腹血糖,实验前后期进行口服葡萄糖耐量实验,实验后采血测定相关血液生化指标,通过组间比较以判定海参肽的作用。结果：和模型对照组相比,海参肽中、高剂量组均能不同程度地改善2型糖尿病小鼠的体征状况,减轻多饮、多食、多尿的“三多”症状,提高2型糖尿病小鼠的生活质量。干预期间的同组横向对比中,中、高剂量海参肽干预组能够明显地降低db/db小鼠的空腹血糖（P＜0.05）,干预2、4、6w后,血糖值分别由13.62±1.64mmol/L降至11.59±3.26mmol/L,由14.82±3.09mmol/L降至12.36±3.28mmol/L;口服葡萄糖耐量实验中,在干预6w后,中、高剂量海参肽能有效降低db/db小鼠给予葡萄糖前后各时间点的血糖值和血糖—时间曲线下面积（P＜0.05）。在炎症抑制方面,与模型对照组相比,海参肽中、高剂量组能够显著降低IL-6、IL-8在小鼠体内的含量（P＜0.05）,提高IL-10在小鼠体内的表达（P＜0.05）,同时海参肽中、高剂量组能够降低TGF-α、MCP-1在小鼠体内的表达,从而具有一定的抗癌作用。结论：海参肽能够有效改善db/db小鼠的血糖调节能力以及口服糖耐量调节能力,同时发现海参肽可以有效抑制db/db小鼠体内炎症反应水平,一定程度上为海参肽于2型糖尿病防治及2型糖尿病并发炎症领域的应用及合理开发提供了新的思路和理论基础。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.