应用Coriolus vericolor 菌丝球脱色染料及印染废水的研究

对白腐真菌（Coriolus vericolor）产生漆酶进行了研究。发现该菌产漆酶的最适初始pH值为4．5。提高微量元素浓度或添加藜芦醇都可使C.versiclor的产酶能力增加,添加Tween80会有一定的抑制作用。采用C.versicolor菌丝球进行重复分批产酶试验,结果表明菌丝球的稳定性很好,同一批菌丝球可连续利用14次,平均每批酶活力可保持在6．72U／mL,产酶能力优于聚氨酯泡沫固定化菌丝。将粗酶液用要料的脱色降解试验,在酶活力为3．3IU／mL,酸性橙浓度为500mg/L条件下,经过24h反应,脱色率达到98．5％;对含弱酸大红和卡布龙红的印染废水进行脱色试验,脱色率也达到了93％。     

应用Coriolus vericolor菌丝球脱色染料及印染废水的研究

对白腐真菌(Coriolus vericolor)产生漆酶进行〖JP2〗了研究。发现该菌产漆酶的最适初始pH值为45。提高微量元素浓度或添加藜芦醇都可使C.versicolor的产酶能力增加,添加Tween80会有一定的抑制作用。采用C.versicolor菌丝球进行重复分批产酶试验,结果表明菌丝球的稳定性很好,同一批菌丝球可连续利用14次,平均每批酶活力可保持在672U/mL,产酶能力优于聚氨酯泡沫固定化菌丝。将粗酶液用于染料的脱色降解试验,在酶活力为3.3IU/mL〖JP〗,酸性橙浓度为500mg/L条件下,经过24h反应,脱色率达到98.5%;对含弱酸大红和卡布龙红的印染废水进行脱色试验,脱色率也达到了93%。     

固定化漆酶对染料酸性紫43的脱色和降解

采用自制复合型载体丙烯酸酯类聚合物固定的漆酶对染料酸性紫43进行脱色处理。研究了固定化酶的用量、底物浓度、温度、pH对其降解效果的影响。结果表明,固定化漆酶脱色降解酸性紫43的适宜条件为:酶用量12.5 U/mL,染料浓度150 mg/L,反应的温度范围在45~55℃,pH值范围在4.5~5.0。在上述条件下降解4h,染料酸性紫43脱色率能达到98.5%。重复分批使用固定化漆酶处理染料酸性紫43,在使用8批次后,脱色率仍然能保持在90%以上,其催化效率得到了很大提高。     

撕裂蜡孔菌在开放体系中对甲基橙染料的静态脱色研究

为了评价撕裂蜡孔菌处理偶氮染料的应用潜力,用性能稳定的甲基橙染料为材料,采用批次试验在开放性体系中研究了染料初始浓度、菌丝生物量、温度、pH等因素对该菌脱色能力的影响,运用菌丝体反接、染液光谱扫描、菌丝体显微观察等方法探讨了菌丝体脱色的可能机制,利用植物萌发试验进行了染料和脱色后溶液的毒性测试。结果表明,撕裂蜡孔菌在开放的静止体系中能够对甲基橙高效脱色,其最适脱色温度为35℃,最佳脱色pH值在6左右。菌丝对甲基橙的脱色表现在吸附和产酶降解两个方面,脱色过程中染料对菌丝体本身的影响较少。植物毒性分析显示撕裂蜡孔菌脱色48h后的产物对植物的毒性比甲基橙本身更强,若要彻底降解可能需要较长时间。本研究可为染料脱色工艺提供新的菌种。     

拟康宁木霉对甲基橙废水的酶促降解研究

利用驯化获得的拟康宁木霉菌(Trichoderma koningii)处理甲基橙废水,以脱色率为指标探讨了反应时间、初始甲基橙浓度、pH、葡萄糖用量、不同培养时间等培养因素对拟康宁木霉生长前期降解甲基橙废水效果的影响;在较优条件下以脱色率为指标,探讨了酶在pH、温度、酶液投加量、初始甲基橙浓度、反应时间等条件下的酶促降解反应;并通过正交试验验证其脱色降解甲基橙染料的最佳反应条件,为染料废水的处理提供试验基础。试验表明,培养过程中拟康宁木霉菌降解甲基橙废水的最适条件为初始甲基橙浓度30 mg/L,培养时间72 h,葡萄糖浓度25 g/L,pH 6.5。在较优培养条件下提取的酶,在酶液投加量为0.6 mL,温度为25℃,pH为7.0,处理时间为6 h的处理条件下,其降解率可达85.48%,脱色效果较明显。本研究为拟康宁木霉对甲基橙染料废水的酶促降解条件提供了参考。     

粗毛栓菌菌丝球非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色研究

以新型白腐真菌——粗毛栓菌Trametes gallica为材料,研究了优化后的该菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对直接染料、中性染料、三苯甲烷类染料以及蒽醌类染料共12种染料的脱色能力、脱色机制,以及pH、温度、染料初始浓度等参数对该菌菌丝球脱色效果的影响。结果表明,优化条件下制备的粗毛栓菌菌丝球脱色活力良好,4℃下保存20d后仍保持有原脱色活力的95%;活菌丝球比死菌丝球对染料具有更强的耐受性和更好的脱色效果;非灭菌条件下活菌丝球对12种染料的适宜脱色条件为pH 3.0–5.0、25℃、染料浓度为50mg/L、处理36–60h,该条件下粗毛栓菌菌丝球在60h内脱色率均在55%以上,其中粗毛栓菌菌丝球对亚甲基蓝脱色率最高可达到96.40%。紫外可见光谱分析和显微观察结果表明,48h内粗毛栓菌菌丝球在非灭菌条件下对12种染料的脱色是由吸附引起,无二次污染物的产生。粗毛栓菌的这些优良特性显示了其在工业染料废水处理中的广阔应用前景。     

开放条件下烟管菌XX-2对孔雀石绿染料的高效降解

[目的]评价白腐真菌Bjerkandera adusta XX-2处理孔雀石绿染料废水的能力,为其在染料废水中的应用提供参考依据.[方法]采用批次实验在开放条件下研究通气、pH、温度、染料初始浓度、培养时间、碳源、氮源、金属离子、盐度等因子对该菌降解孔雀石绿的影响.同时利用植物萌发、微生物抑菌和水生动物致死实验对降解产物进行毒性测试.[结果]B.adusta XX-2菌株在开放的非灭菌条件下也能高效降解孔雀石绿.例如,在初始浓度为120 mg/L且以孔雀石绿为唯一营养源的条件下降解率也能达到60％.静置培养和摇动培养呈现出几乎相同的降解率,这可以为技术应用节约动力成本.最适降解pH与温度分别为7.0和25℃.在上述参数体系的优化基础上,分别进行了碳源、氮源与金属离子的添加优化实验,结果显示低浓度的碳源(如柠檬酸钠)、氮源(如氯化铵)和金属离子(如Zn2+)均可大大提高B.adusta XX-2对孔雀石绿的脱色效率.同时B.adusta XX-2的降解也能在很高的盐浓度下进行.毒性测试表明降解后的染料对植物、微生物、水生生物的毒性大大减少.[结论]B.adusta XX-2菌株在处理染料废水方面具有很大的应用潜力.     

白腐真菌对酸性橙7的脱色降解

偶氮染料广泛应用于纺织、造纸和包装等行业,因其具有三致性、结构稳定且难降解,已成为染料废水处理的研究热点之一。本研究以白腐真菌作为脱色菌株,考察了不同白腐真菌对偶氮类染料酸性橙7(acid orange 7,AO7)的脱色降解,探讨了AO7染料的浓度、pH、温度以及脱色时间对染料脱色率的影响,同时应用紫外-可见光谱吸收法、红外光谱吸收法、高效液相色谱法和气相色谱-质谱法对AO7的降解产物进行分析,并对其产物进行植物毒性实验,以推断AO7可能的降解途径及其降解产物的毒性。结果表明:在pH 4.5、28℃条件下,刺芹侧耳(Pleurotus eryngii)和杂色云芝(Trametes versicolor)的混合菌丝脱色降解100 mg/L AO7,24 h脱色率可达93.46%。推测AO7可能的生物降解途径:AO7偶氮键断裂生成对氨基苯磺酸和1-氨基-2-萘酚;接着对氨基苯磺酸脱去磺酸基,生成对苯二酚;同时1-氨基-2-萘酚开环生成邻苯二甲酸和对羟基苯甲醛,之后进一步降解生成苯甲酸;最后对苯二酚和苯甲酸继续氧化成其他小分子中间体、H2O和CO_(2)。植物毒性实验表明,P.eryngii和T.versicolor混合菌丝对AO7脱毒效果较好。以上研究为探究白腐真菌在工业废水中降解偶氮类染料的应用奠定基础。     

菌丝球DCM对染料的吸附脱色性能研究

从活性污泥中筛选出1株真菌菌株DCM,研究了DCM菌丝球对染料的吸附脱色作用。通过正交实验,确定了DCM的最佳脱色条件,即温度为30℃、pH 6.5、摇速180 r/min、碳氮比20∶1。研究表明,DCM菌丝球对染料的吸附脱色存在着明显的规律。初始时,该菌丝球对染料的吸附量较小,经过一定时间,吸附量开始增加,达到较高水平时趋于稳定。CDM对染料的脱色速率及脱色率都比较高。2 h时其脱色率为30.1%,4h时达80.2%,8 h时脱色率达100%。DCM菌丝球对实际印染废水有较强的脱色作用,其脱色率达96.13%。此外,该菌丝球还有明显的净化效果,SS的祛除率达90%,CODcr的祛除率达88%,显示出了良好的应用前景。     

白腐真菌生物法处理染料亚甲基蓝的研究

实验采用白腐菌降解染料亚甲基蓝,研究了在不同振荡条件下,不同浓度的亚甲基蓝、染料废水的不同培养时间、不同转速、碳源的不同浓度等条件对染料亚甲基蓝的脱色效果的影响。实验结果表明,白腐菌在无氮条件下,染料亚甲基蓝浓度为4mg/L,振荡速度为120rpm,碳源浓度为2.0%时,其降解能力达到最大,脱色率为78.5%。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.