单增李斯特菌CdaA的抗原表位分析及抗体的制备

生物信息学分析结果显示单增李斯特菌腺苷酸环化酶CdaA具有良好的种内保守性、种间特异性和抗原表位结构,本研究对该蛋白的免疫原性进行验证并制备单克隆抗体,拟以CdaA为检测靶标检测单增李斯特菌。考虑到跨膜区可能会阻碍CdaA的表达,因而构建pET30a-Δ300cdaA并诱导表达Δ100CdaA。以纯化的Δ100CdaA制备的多克隆抗体效价可达1∶128 000。Western-blotting分析表明多抗能够识别从单增李斯特菌中提取的CdaA。另外,筛选得到一株单克隆抗体,3F8,单抗效价可达1∶512 000。Western blotting分析可知该单抗能够与9株单增李斯特菌和2株非致病李斯特菌的提取蛋白结合,并且与大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌、沙门氏菌等7株其他菌种的提取蛋白不结合,表明该单抗具有良好的特异性。利用生物信息学筛选检测靶标并分析抗原表位结构,最后成功制备多克隆抗体和单克隆抗体。     

单增李斯特菌InternalinA的表达、纯化及多克隆抗体的制备

【目的】克隆表达单增李斯特菌膜表面蛋白InternalinA(InlA),经免疫家兔获得多克隆抗体,为建立其免疫磁珠富集快速检测方法奠定基础。【方法】利用生物软件设计单增李斯特菌inlA基因的引物,通过PCR扩增出inlA基因,并将其克隆至pET28a()原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21进行优化表达。镍柱纯化表达产物,质谱鉴定重组蛋白,ELISA分析其免疫原性。免疫家兔,制备其多克隆抗体。间接ELISA检测多抗的效价及交叉性,免疫荧光分析多抗与单增李斯特菌菌体结合的特异性。【结果】成功表达了InlA蛋白,融合表达产物分子量约为92 kD,质谱鉴定其为InlA蛋白;免疫家兔获得的抗血清效价为1:100 000,除与金黄色葡萄球菌约20%的交叉外,与副溶血弧菌等其它病源菌均无交叉;免疫荧光证实该多抗特异性结合于单增李斯特菌膜表面,与同种属的威尔斯李斯特菌不结合。【结论】成功制备了单增李斯特菌特异性的兔多克隆抗体,为单增李斯特菌免疫磁珠富集快速检测方法的建立奠定了基础。     

抗鳞翅目害虫基因cry1C的抗原表位分析及多克隆抗体制备

利用生物信息学方法预测cry1C蛋白的抗原表位区,并命名为Δcry1C。优化Δcry1C的核苷酸序列并进行人工合成,构建重组表达载体pET28b(+)-Δcry1C。在E.coli中诱导表达His6-Δcry1C蛋白,纯化后免疫新西兰大白兔,分离、纯化获得cry1C多抗血清。ELISA测定结果表明,抗体效价最高可达1∶512 000。Western Blot分析结果表明,cry1C多克隆抗体能够与cry1C转基因抗虫水稻蛋白特异性结合。利用生物信息学筛选抗原表位区并优化序列、原核表达重组蛋白、免疫制备cry1C多克隆抗体,为深入研究抗鳞翅目害虫植物提供了前提条件。     

原核表达MurA蛋白并制备其多克隆抗体用于免疫磁珠快速检测单增李斯特菌

【目的】制备MurA多抗,结合免疫磁珠与选择平板进行单增李斯特菌的快速检测,建立单增李斯特菌的免疫磁珠快速检测方法。【方法】构建MurA的原核表达载体,转化大肠杆菌进行优化表达。镍柱纯化表达产物,质谱鉴定重组蛋白,再免疫小鼠,制备其多克隆抗体。用所获多抗制备免疫磁珠,建立单增李斯特菌免疫磁珠-选择性培养基检测方法,并对人工污染牛奶样品进行检测。【结果】在大肠杆菌中高效表达了分子量约为72 kD的可溶性融合蛋白,质谱鉴定其为MurA蛋白;免疫小鼠获得的抗血清效价达1:10 000,与伤寒沙门氏菌、副溶血弧菌、大肠杆菌及属内其它病原菌均无交叉;所建立的免疫磁珠-选择性培养基检测法可检出浓度为103 CFU/mL及以上的单增李斯特菌,仅与英诺克李斯特菌存在一定交叉反应;牛奶样品单次仅需9 h增菌就能被检出,较常规增菌时间缩短39 h;检测限为0.4 CFU/mL。【结论】表达并纯化得到高纯度的单增李斯特菌MurA蛋白,制备的鼠源多克隆抗体亲和力高,特异性好;建立了快速检测单增李斯特菌的免疫磁珠联合选择性培养基法,在灵敏度不变的情况下,实现24 h内成功对牛奶样品的检测,较国标法减少42 h以上。     

单增李斯特菌磁性试纸条层析体系的研究

将单增李斯特菌的多克隆抗体和羊抗鼠IgG(二抗)喷涂于硝酸纤维素膜(NC膜)上分别作为检测线C和质控线T。将单增李斯特菌的单克隆抗体与磁性纳米材料进行化学偶联构建磁性纳米探针,建立双抗夹心模式的检测试纸条。通过在层析体系中分别添加表面活性剂、盐离子、杂蛋白和糖类,探讨其对层析的影响,以提高检测的准确性和灵敏度。研究发现,在层析体系中添加一定浓度的Tween-20、KCl、BSA和葡聚糖,可以实现单增李斯特菌的快速检测。本文研究对今后研发类似磁性试纸条检测技术具有重要参考价值。     

重组SCIRR39多克隆抗体的制备及检测

目的：在大肠杆菌中表达大鼠脊髓损伤与修复蛋白39（SCIRR39）的C端抗原表位,并制备其多克隆抗体。方法：从大鼠脊髓全横断损伤脊髓cDNA中扩增1386bp的Scirr39基因编码框,亚克隆该基因编码蛋白C端359～461位氨基酸残基的DNA片段,插入表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）,IPTG诱导表达,SDS-PAGE分析表达情况,切胶纯化目的蛋白;利用多克隆抗体制备技术,制备重组SCIRR39蛋白的多克隆抗体;用ELISA方法检测抗体效价,Western印迹检测抗体的特异性。结果：SCIRR39蛋白C端抗原表位与GST的融合蛋白在大肠杆菌中以可溶形式高表达,相对分子质量为37．9×103;获得抗SCIRR39蛋白C端抗原表位的兔抗血清,其效价达到1：104;Western印迹显示多克隆抗体能特异识别重组SCIRR39蛋白的C端抗原表位。结论：在原核系统中表达纯化了重组SCIRR39抗原表位蛋白,制备的重组蛋白多克隆抗体将用于检测SCIRR39在脊髓损伤过程中的表达变化。     

跨膜逆向转运蛋白NHXFS1多克隆抗体的制备及应用

NHXFS1基因是通过DNA家族改组（DNA family shuffling）技术,以拟南芥、水稻和菊花的液泡膜Na＋/H＋逆向转运蛋白基因（NHX1）为亲本获得的活性显著增强的新基因。为制备该蛋白的多克隆抗体,对该蛋白进行跨膜结构分析,选取跨膜蛋白的C末端为靶标,并将其克隆到原核表达载体pET32a中,成功构建了原核融合蛋白pET32a-NHXFS1-抗原表达载体,转化大肠杆菌BL21（DE3）并诱导表达。通过镍柱亲和层析纯化该融合表达蛋白,获得了纯度约为80%的纯化蛋白,用于免疫新西兰大白兔制备多克隆抗体。ELISA实验表明,该抗体的效价达到1：128 000,提取表达NHXFS1蛋白的酵母液泡经该多克隆抗体Western blot检测,证明该抗体具有较好的NHXFS1蛋白特异性。NHXFS1多克隆抗体的制备为进一步认识NHXFS1新蛋白结构与功能以及植物耐盐分子生物学的研究奠定了基础。     

基于细胞的抗单增李斯特菌单域重链抗体的筛选及鉴定

【目的】获得针对单增李斯特菌的特异性单域重链抗体,并对筛选过程中特异性克隆的富集规律进行分析,为筛选具有种属特异性的噬菌体展示抗体提供参考。【方法】采用固相筛选技术,以热灭活的单增李斯特菌菌体为抗原,通过四轮常规筛选和一轮消减筛选,从驼源天然噬菌体展示文库中筛选针对单增李斯特菌的单域重链抗体。采用Phage-ELISA法,对后四轮筛选洗脱物中随机挑选的噬菌体进行鉴定,阳性克隆进行基因测序及结合特异性分析。通过多序列比对分析将获得的基因序列进行分组和统计。【结果】成功筛选到2株单增李斯特菌特异性的单域重链抗体。【结论】在优化的筛选条件下,基于全细胞的筛选方法能够获得特异性识别单增李斯特菌的单域重链抗体,消减筛选对于去除非特异性克隆是有效的和必要的。     

MMP-9蛋白的抗原表位分析及单克隆抗体制备

利用生物信息学方法分析并预测MMP-9蛋白的抗原表位区,命名为Δmmp9。通过对Δmmp9的核苷酸序列进行分析,设计引物扩增目的片段,构建重组表达载体pET28α(+)-Δmmp9,并将其转化到BL21(DE3)中,诱导表达重组蛋白Δmmp9。纯化重组蛋白后,免疫BALB/c小鼠,筛选获得7株稳定分泌单克隆抗体的杂交瘤细胞株,检测抗体效价均达1:240 000。利用生物信息学筛选抗原表位区,成功制备单克隆抗体,通过抗体配对实验,证明其有良好特异性,并筛选出3株捕获抗体及对应标记抗体。     

结核分枝杆菌Rv0081基因编码蛋白的生物信息学分析

运用生物信息学分析软件预测结核分枝杆菌（Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Mtb）Rv0081蛋白的生物学特征及筛选潜在的优势抗原表位。 从NCBI数据库获取Mtb Rv0081蛋白的氨基酸序列，利用生物信息学分析软件ProtParam、ProtScale及TMPRED分析Rv0081蛋白的理化性质及亲疏水性；TMHMM、SignalP-5.0 Server预测蛋白的跨膜区及信号肽；NetNGlyc-1.0 Server、NetPhos 3.1 Server分别预测蛋白的糖基化位点及磷酸化位点；STRING预测能与Rv0081相互作用的蛋白；分别运用SOPMA、SWISS-MODEL预测蛋白的二、三级结构；综合运用softberry、WoLF PSORT预测蛋白的亚细胞定位；运用DNAStar预测蛋白的B细胞抗原表位；综合运用SYFPEITHI、NetCTL 1.2 Server、Net MHC pan 4.1 server预测蛋白的CTL细胞抗原表位；综合运用SYFPEITHI、Net MHCII pan 4.0 server预测蛋白的Th细胞抗原表位。 结果表明，Rv0081蛋白由114个氨基酸组成，相对分子质量为12 356.32，亚细胞定位于细胞质中，为稳定的疏水性蛋白，无跨膜区和信号肽，含有1个糖基化位点及9个磷酸化位点；二级结构主要由α-螺旋和无规则卷曲构成，结构较松散；与hycE、hycP、Rv0088、Rv0083、hycD、hycQ、Rv0082、devR、Rv0080及Rv0079蛋白存在相互作用关系；综合分析各软件预测结果筛选出6个优势B细胞抗原表位、6个优势CTL细胞抗原表位及7个优势Th细胞抗原表位。Mtb Rv0081蛋白具有较多潜在的候选B、T细胞抗原表位，可作为研发新型结核疫苗的候选抗原。     

Posttranslocation chaperone PrsA2 regulates the maturation and secretion of Listeria monocytogenes proprotein virulence factors

PrsA2 is a conserved posttranslocation chaperone and a peptidyl prolyl cis-trans isomerase (PPIase) that contributes to the virulence of the Gram-positive intracellular pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. One of the phenotypes associated with a prsA2 mutant is decreased activity of the broad-range phospholipase C (PC-PLC). PC-PLC is made as a proenzyme whose maturation is mediated by a metalloprotease (Mpl). The proforms of PC-PLC and Mpl accumulate at the membrane-cell wall interface until a decrease in pH triggers their maturation and rapid secretion into the host cell. In this study, we examined the mechanism by which PrsA2 regulates the activity of PC-PLC. We observed that in the absence of PrsA2, the proenzymes are secreted at physiological pH and do not mature upon a decrease in pH. The sensitivity of the prsA2 mutant to cell wall hydrolases was modified. However, no apparent changes in cell wall porosity were detected. Interestingly, synthesis of PC-PLC in the absence of its propeptide lead to the secretion of a fully active enzyme in the cytosol of host cells independent of PrsA2, indicating that neither the propeptide of PC-PLC nor PrsA2 is required for native folding of the catalytic domain, although both influence secretion of the enzyme. Taken together, these results suggest that PrsA2 regulates compartmentalization of Mpl and PC-PLC, possibly by influencing cell wall properties and interacting with the PC-PLC propeptide. Moreover, the ability of these proproteins to respond to a decrease in pH during intracellular growth depends on their localization at the membrane-cell wall interface.     

单核增生李斯特菌Internalin A的克隆表达与抗体制备

目的克隆表达单核增生李斯特菌Internalin A（InlA）,并以之为抗原制备检测单核增生李斯特菌的抗体。方法通过PCR技术从单核细胞增生李斯特菌4b中扩增出inlA基因,克隆筛选和测序鉴定后,最终构建该基因的原核表达质粒pGEX-4T-InlA,谷胱甘肽树脂亲和层析纯化表达产物后,免疫小鼠分别制备相应的多抗和单抗。结果在大肠埃希菌中成功表达了InlA,并对其进行了纯化,融合表达产物分子量约为110 kD;免疫小鼠获得的抗血清效价达到1∶1600;得到了3株抗InlA的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,腹水单抗效价为1∶1×10^5-1∶3×10^5。2种抗体与其他病原菌均无交叉反应。结论通过表达单核增生李斯特菌的特异性蛋白制备的抗体,能有效地消除交叉反应,提高检测的特异性。     

Functional analysis of the Listeria monocytogenes secretion chaperone PrsA2 and its multiple contributions to bacterial virulence

As an organism that has evolved to live in environments ranging from soil to the cytosol of mammalian cells, Listeria monocytogenes must regulate the secretion and activity of protein products that promote survival within these habitats. The post-translocation chaperone PrsA2 has been adapted to assist in the folding and activity of L. monocytogenes secreted proteins required for bacterial replication within host cells. Here we present the first structure/function investigation of the contributions of PrsA2 to protein secretion and activity as well as to bacterial virulence. Domain swap experiments with the closely related L. monocytogenes PrsA1 protein combined with targeted mutagenesis indicate distinct functional roles for the PrsA2 peptidyl-prolyl isomerase (PPIase) and the N- and C-terminal domains in pathogenesis. In contrast to other PrsA-like proteins described thus far in the literature, an absolute in vivo requirement for PrsA2 PPIase activity is evident in mouse infection models. This work illustrates the diversity of function associated with L. monocytogenes PrsA2 that serves to promote bacterial life within the infected host.     

A gene (prsA) of Bacillus subtilis involved in a novel, late stage of protein export

A gene locus of Bacillus subtilis identified by mutations (prs) conferring a defect in protein secretion was cloned from a lambdaGEM-11 expression library. The sites of three closely linked prs mutations (prs-3, prs-29 and prs-40) were found to reside in a 5.3 kb DNA fragment, which also complemented the secretion defect in prs-3 and prs-29 mutants. Partial sequencing of the fragment showed that these three mutations affect one distinct gene (prsA) encoding a putative protein of 292 amino acids (33 kDa). Sequence analysis indicated the PrsA protein to be a lipoprotein located outside the cytoplasmic membrane. Thirty percent identity was shown to the PrtM protein of Lactococcus lactis, which is involved in the maturation of an exported proteinase. The phenotypes of prsA mutants and the structural similarity of PrsA with PrtM suggest that PrsA may have a novel function at a late phase in protein export.     

D-Alanine substitution of teichoic acids as a modulator of protein folding and stability at the cytoplasmic membrane/cell wall interface of Bacillus subtilis

The extracytoplasmic folding of secreted proteins in Gram-positive bacteria is influenced by the microenvironment of the compartment into which they are translocated, namely the negatively charged matrix of the cell wall polymers. In this compartment, the PrsA lipoprotein facilitates correct post-translocational folding or prevents misfolding of secreted proteins. In this study, a secretion mutant of B. subtilis (prsA3) encoding a defective PrsA protein was mutagenized and screened for restored secretion of the AmyQ alpha-amylase. One mini-Tn10 insertion, which partially suppressed the secretion deficiency, was found to interrupt dlt, the operon involved in the d-alanylation of teichoic acids. The inactivation of dlt rescued the mutant PrsA3 protein from degradation, and the increased amount of PrsA3 was shown to enhance the secretion of PrsA-dependent proteins. Heterologous or abnormal secreted proteins, which are prone to degradation after translocation, were also stabilized and secreted in increased quantities from a dlt prsA(+) strain. Furthermore, the dlt mutation partially suppressed the lethal effect of PrsA depletion, suggesting that the dlt deficiency also leads to stabilization of an essential cell wall protein(s). Our results suggest that main influence of the increased net negative charge of the wall caused by the absence of d-alanine is to increase the rate of post-translocational folding of exported proteins.     

Quantitation of the capacity of the secretion apparatus and requirement for PrsA in growth and secretion of alpha-amylase in Bacillus subtilis

Regulated expression of AmyQ alpha-amylase of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens was used to examine the capacity of the protein secretion apparatus of B. subtilis. One B. subtilis cell was found to secrete maximally 10 fg of AmyQ per h. The signal peptidase SipT limits the rate of processing of the signal peptide. Another limit is set by PrsA lipoprotein. The wild-type level of PrsA was found to be 2 x 10(4) molecules per cell. Decreasing the cellular level of PrsA did not decrease the capacity of the protein translocation or signal peptide processing steps but dramatically affected secretion in a posttranslocational step. There was a linear correlation between the number of cellular PrsA molecules and the number of secreted AmyQ molecules over a wide range of prsA and amyQ expression levels. Significantly, even when amyQ was expressed at low levels, overproduction of PrsA enhanced its secretion. The finding is consistent with a reversible interaction between PrsA and AmyQ. The high cellular level of PrsA suggests a chaperone-like function. PrsA was also found to be essential for the viability of B. subtilis. Drastic depletion of PrsA resulted in altered cellular morphology and ultimately in cell death.     

产单核细胞李斯特菌actA基因在大肠杆菌中的表达及其单克隆抗体的研制

利用PCR技术从血清型1/2a的产单核细胞李斯特菌Lm-4株中扩增出actA基因,经克隆筛选和测序鉴定后,构建成该基因的原核表达载体pGEX-6P-1-actA及pET-actA,转入E·coli后,IPTG诱导目的蛋白的表达。SDS-PAGE结果表明,actA基因在两种载体中均获得表达,融合蛋白的大小分别约为120kDa和97kDa。以纯化蛋白为材料进行了ActA单抗的研制,获得4株抗ActA的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株,腹水单抗ELISA效价为1∶5×104~1∶1×105。选取单抗1A5进行Westernblot分析,结果表明单抗1A5能和表达产物进行特异性反应,且与Lm-4多抗血清的Westernblot结果一致。actA基因的原核表达及单抗的研制为研究ActA蛋白的生物学活性及其致病作用奠定了基础。     

Quantitative detection of Listeria monocytogenes and Listeria innocua by real-time PCR: assessment of hly, iap, and lin02483 targets and AmpliFluor technology

We developed and assessed real-time PCR (RTi-PCR) assays for the detection and quantification of the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes and the closely related nonpathogenic species L. innocua. The target genes were hly and iap for L. monocytogenes and lin02483 for L. innocua. The assays were 100% specific, as determined with 100 Listeria strains and 45 non-Listeria strains, and highly sensitive, with detection limits of one target molecule in 11 to 56% of the reactions with purified DNA and 3 CFU in 56 to 89% of the reactions with bacterial suspensions. Quantification was possible over a 5-log dynamic range, with a limit of 15 target molecules and R(2) values of >0.996. There was an excellent correspondence between the predicted and the actual numbers of CFU in the samples (deviations of <23%). The hly-based assay accurately quantified L. monocytogenes in all of the samples tested. The iap-based assay, in contrast, was unsuitable for quantification purposes, underestimating the bacterial counts by 3 to 4 log units in a significant proportion of the samples due to serovar-related target sequence variability. The combination of the two assays enabled us to classify L. monocytogenes isolates into one of the two major phylogenetic divisions of the species, I and II. We also assessed the new AmpliFluor technology for the quantitative detection of L. monocytogenes by RTi-PCR. The performance of this system was similar to that of the TaqMan system, although the former system was slightly less sensitive (detection limit of 15 molecules in 45% of the reactions) and had a higher quantification limit (60 molecules).     

Simultaneous quantitative detection of Listeria spp. and Listeria monocytogenes using a duplex real-time PCR-based assay

We report a duplex real-time PCR-based assay for the simultaneous quantitative detection of Listeria spp. and the food-borne pathogen Listeria monocytogenes. The targets of this single tube reaction were the 23S rDNA and hly genes of Listeria spp. and L. monocytogenes, respectively. Our assay was efficient, 100% selective (i.e., it allowed accurate simultaneous identification of 52 L. monocytogenes and 120 Listeria spp. strains through the FAM-labelled hly and the VIC-labelled 23S rDNA probes, respectively); and had a detection limit of one target molecule in 100% (23S rDNA) and 56% (hly) of the reactions. Simultaneous quantification was possible along a 5-log dynamic range, with an upper limit of 30 target molecules and R2 values > 0.995 in both cases. Our results indicate that this assay based on the amplification of the 23S rDNA gene can accurately quantify any mixture of Listeria species and simultaneously unambiguously quantify L. monocytogenes.