中国寒蚤蝇属一新种记述（双翅目：蚤蝇科）

记述中国寒蚤蝇属Triphleba Rondani 1新种:壳叶寒蚤蝇Triphleba conchiformis sp. nov.。本新种缺R2+3,其贝壳状侧尾叶区别于本属其它种。模式标本存放于沈阳大学城市有害生物治理与生态安全辽宁省重点实验室。     

On some freshwater harpacticois from Japan,closely related to Canthocamptus mirabilis Štěrba

Preliminary comparisons are presented, of certain diagnostic characters of four species of Canthocamptus, all the specimens examined here being collected from freshwater bodies throughout Japan. The geographical distribution of each species is also discussed.Contribution No. 69 from the Itako Hydrobiological Station, Ibaraki University.     

重庆凤仙花科植物1新记录种——太子凤仙花

该文报道重庆市1新记录种——太子凤仙花(Impatiens alpicola Y.L.Chen et Y.Q.Lu),并描述该新记录种的形态特征和生境分布,凭证标本存放于重庆三峡学院生命科学与工程学院植物标本馆。另编制了重庆市分布凤仙花属植物分种检索表。     

中国柿树科植物一新记录种——长柱柿(英文)

报道中国柿科(Ebenaceae)柿属植物一新记录种——长柱柿(Diospyros brandisiana Kurz),并描述了该新记录种的形态特征和生境分布。该种为该属中国分布的唯一具老茎生花的种类。凭证标本存放于中国科学院昆明植物研究所标本馆(KUN)。     

中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种——两色蜘蛛抱蛋

报道了中国蜘蛛抱蛋属一新记录种———两色蜘蛛抱蛋。该种原产于越南,在中国为首次记录。本文对该种的特征进行了详细描述,尤其是对该种的花果期和果实的特征进行了重新描述和补充。凭证标本存放于广西植物研究所标本馆(IBK)。     

Redescription of Pseudoaugeneriella nigra (Langerhans, 1880), new combination (Polychaeta, Sabellidae), with remarks on some characters of Fabriciinae

The fabriciin sabellid species, Fabricia nigra Langerhans, 1880 from the Macaronesian region, is assigned to the genus Pseudoaugeneriella Fitzhugh, 1998, based on information provided by newly collected specimens. The species is redescribed, including the variability of key characters. Moreover, structures of the anterior end — dorsal lips, ventral filamentous appendages, peristomial rings — of Pseudoaugeneriella nigra and other species of Fabriciinae are studied histologically and by means of SEM. The systematic significance of these characters in Fabriciinae is discussed.     

Conocephalum salebrosum (Marchantiopsida, Conocephalaceae) – a new Holarctic liverwort species

Detailed analysis of 270 specimens of Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort., mainly from the POZW Herbarium revealed some diagnostic differences between two cryptic species originally detected on the basis of isozyme studies. Several diagnostic characters were found in the structure of the archegoniophore, sporophyte and sterile thallus. The most reliable diagnostic features are size and structure of stomatal apparatus of the archegoniophore ‘heads’, type of junction of the air chamber walls with epidermal cells, and the thallus surface details. On the basis of morphological and anatomical diagnostic characters, two formerly cryptic species are recognized following the rules of formal taxonomy. The lectotype of C. conicum preserved in FI was found to possess characteristics of cryptic species C. conicum- species L. Accordingly, the species previously named as C. conicum–species L must bear the name Conocephalum conicum (L.) Dumort. No published name was related to C. conicum – species S, which is therefore described as a new species: Conocephalum salebrosum Szweykowski, Buczkowska &; Odrzykoski. Both species are fully described and their diagnostic characters are illustrated. Distribution maps for both species are given.     

中国樟科植物一新记录种——圆头叶桂

报道了中国樟科(Lauraceae)樟属1新记录种——圆头叶桂(Cinnamomum daphnoides Sieb.et Zucc.),该种据记载特产于日本的九州近海岸地区至冲绳诸岛,在浙江省象山县南韭山岛发现有该种分布。对该种的主要形态特征与生境进行了描述,并提供了凭证标本和活植物照片。同时还列举并分析了中国东部沿海与日本间断分布的植物,说明两地之间植物区系有着密切的联系。     

蜈蚣衣科地衣1个中国新记录属——金奥克衣属

以采自新疆地区的地衣标本为试验材料,通过观察和研究该地衣形态解剖特征、次生代谢产物以及构建核糖体DNA内转录间隔区(internal transcribed spacer,ITS)系统发育树,研究鉴定该地衣标本为蜈蚣衣科(Physciaceae)1个中国新记录属:金奥克衣属[Oxnerella(S.Y.Kondr.,Lo″k?s&Hur)]及中国新记录种双裂金奥克衣[O.safavidiorum(S.Y.Kondr.,Zarei-Darki,Lo″k?s&Hur)],该种含有柔扁枝衣酸,文中提供了该种形态解剖图,并讨论了其与相似物种的关系。     

Molecular and morphological data suggest that Spinibarbus caldwelli (Nichols) (Teleostei: Cyprinidae) is a valid species

The taxonomic problem of the cyprinid species of genus Spinibarbus, occurring in southern China and northern Vietnam, was resolved on the basis of molecular and morphological analyses. Spinibarbus caldwelli and Spinibarbus hollandi have a smooth posterior edge of the last unbranched dorsal fin ray among species in the genus. Spinibarbus caldwelli is currently regarded as a junior synonym of S. hollandi because of ambiguities in diagnostic characters. In this article, 11 mtDNA cytochrome b sequences of Spinibarbus specimens were analyzed together with Barbodes gonionotus and Puntius conchonius as outgroups. Our results showed that specimens identified as S. hollandi from Taiwan were different from those from the Asian mainland at a high level of genetic divergence (0.097–0.112), which is higher than that between the two valid species, S. sinensis and S. yunnanensis (0.089), and suggested that Taiwan specimens should be considered as a different species from the Asian mainland one. In a molecular phylogenetic analysis, the sister-group relationship between Taiwan specimens and the Asian mainland specimens was supported strongly by a high confidence level (100% in bootstrap value). Further analysis of morphological characters showed that overlap of diagnostic characters is much weaker than previously suggested. Taiwan specimens had 8 branched rays in the dorsal fin, whereas those from the mainland had almost 9–10. The molecular and morphological differences suggest S. caldwelli to be valid. The molecular divergence shows the genetic speciation of S. hollandi and S. caldwelli might have occurred 5.6–4.9 million years ago; the former could be a relict species in Taiwan, and the latter dispersed in the Asian mainland.     

中国单格孢属（丝孢纲）的种

报道单格孢属的两个新种,一个新组合,5个中国新记录种和两个未定名种,同时,对所有已知在中国发现的本属真菌的种进行了归纳总结并制作了检索表。新种小黑球单格孢Monodictys nigraglobulosa的典型特征是产生黑色近球形的分生孢子,具有黑而厚的隔膜;横向单格孢Monodictys transversa的分生孢子横向生长,即孢子的横向量度大于其高度。两个未定名种具有单格孢属的特征,但目前的材料所表现的分种特征还不够充分,暂称之为Monodictys sp.1和 Monodictys sp.2,供进一步研究探讨。新组合为方单格孢Monodictys quadrata (Atk.) G. Z. Zhao & T. Y. Zhang。研究标本保存在山东农业大学植物病理学标本室（HSAUP）。     

Multivariate and cladistic analyses of the purple-flowered species ofErysimum (Cruciferae) from the Iberian Peninsula

A taxonomically difficult purple-flowered group within the genusErysimum, restricted to the Iberian Peninsula, is analyzed by multivariate and cladistic analyses. 51 specimens have been scored for 14 characters. Both principal components and discriminant analyses provide support to the recognition of the five species considered by the author, namelyE. linifolium, E. lagascae, E. baeticum, E. popovii, andE. cazorlense. Cladistic analysis, using 7 characters resulted in a single most parsimonious cladogram containing no homoplasies. The pattern of morphologic divergence follows a clear NW.-SE. trend, which is congruent with the topology of the cladogram. This trend significantly affects growth-form as well as fruit characters, both providing the main grounds for species recognition. The different behavior and significance of several characters in both kinds of analysis is discussed. The co-occurrence of morphologically similar individuals differing in the flower color is discussed, too. Possible explanations for this phenomenon involve hybridization in a wide sense or, alternatively, rejecting the assumption of monophyly for the group.     

Citharichthys gnathus, a new species of paralichthyid flounder (Teleostei: Pleuronectiformes) from the Galapagos Islands, eastern pacific Ocean

A new paralichthyid flounder,Citharichthys gnathus, is described from 25 specimens from the Galapagos Islands. The new species strongly resemblesC. fragilis Gilbert, distributed in the Gulf of California and adjacent waters, in general appearance, and meristic and morphometric characters, but is distinguished from the latter by two adult characters, a remarkable bony knob at the anterior tip of the lower jaw and larger proportion of snout length in standard length.     

中国特有种云南圆口藓的修订和新分布区报道

通过查看模式标本和普通标本,对中国特有种——云南圆口藓进行了修订。据模式特征,重新订正了中国各地标本,确定本种分布在中国云南、辽宁和内蒙古,其中内蒙古为新分布区。除描述和讨论外,还就模式标本绘制了各种特征的解剖图,根据普通标本进行了显微拍照,以补现有文献形态描述和绘图的不足。     

西藏棉藓科植物新记录

作者对采自西藏色季拉山棉藓科(Plagiotheciaceae)植物标本的分类学鉴定过程中,发现了西藏棉藓科新记录种4种,即小叶棉藓(Plagiothecium latebricola)、毛尖棉藓(P.piliferum)、阔叶棉藓(P.platyphyllum)和长灰藓(Herzogiella seligeri)。本文对这4种植物的主要形态学识别特征进行了详细的描述,提供了相应的图版。凭证标本保存于中国农业大学标本馆(BAU)。     

Taxonomic separation ofKengyilia (Poaceae: Triticeae) in relation to nearest relatedRoegneria,Elymus, andAgropyron,based on some morphological characters

Based on 100 species representative of the four genera, we scored 290 herbarium specimens for a number of morphological characters. The data were subjected to canonical discriminant analysis using characters different from those in the identification key to these genera byBaum, Yen, andYang (1991). These characters collectively support the four groupsAgropyron, Kengyilia, Roegneria, andElymus as previously defined. The four groups are also supported by the linear discriminant function with an overall rate of 83% correct classification. Length of lemma awn was found to be an additional diagnostic character asAgropyron andKengyilia have lemma awns shorter than 5 mm, whereasRoegneria andElymus have longer lemma awns with very few exceptions. Length of glume awns is also a useful supplementary generic diagnostic.Agropyron andElymus have glume awns, whereas the majority of species ofKengyilia and more than half of the species ofRoegneria lack them. If a glume awn is present it is usually not longer than 1 mm.     

Ecological wood anatomy of NepaleseRhododendron (Ericaceae). 1. Interspecific variation

The relationship of selected wood anatomical characters of NepaleseRhododendron with stem diameter, plant height, altitude, and plant form was investigated. We studied one to three specimens each of 26 species: five species each of trees and subtrees I, three species of subtrees II, and 13 species of shrubs. Multiple regression analysis and actual distribution of character values show that pore characters and multiseriate ray ratio have a stronger correlation with stem diameter than altitude; that pore density, vessel element length, fiber-tracheid length, and multiseriate ray density and width are equally related to altitude and stem diameter, or to altitude and plant height; and that bar number, and multiseriate ray area and height have a stronger connection with altitude. Among the characters, average pore area is most strongly correlated with stem diameter and increases exponentially as diameter increases. For wood structure of NepaleseRhododendron, 17 to 63 % of the variation is affected by non-anatomical factors. The general trends in wood structure of NepaleseRhododendron show that trees and subtrees form one continuous unit whereas shrubs form another that often has wider ranges of variation.     

Sorex rohweri sp. nov. (Mammalia, Soricidae) from northwestern North America

Sorex rohweri sp. nov. is described on the basis of a series of specimens from the Olympic Peninsula and adjacent western regions of Washington State, USA, and southwestern British Columbia, Canada. It has been misidentified as Sorex cinereus Kerr, 1792, which occurs in the Cascade Range in west-central Washington, in coastal British Columbia, and regions farther to the northeast. The new species is distinguished from S. cinereus by numerous morphological characters: differences in craniodental dimensions; different location and form of the medial tines of the upper incisors; presence of patent postmandibular foramina; different intensity and distribution of dental pigmentation; and different form of the glans penis, along with other details. The combination of characters also separates it from sympatric species of Sorex. Phylogenetic inference of cytochrome b sequences from two specimens of the proposed new species shows them to be distinct from Sorex cinereus and from five sympatric Sorex species, supporting their designation as members of a new species.     

Cryptic species in the fern <Emphasis Type="Italic">Ceratopteris thalictroides</Emphasis> (Parkeriaceae). III. Referential diagnostic characters of three cryptic species

Three cryptic species of Ceratopteris thalictroides, named the south type, the north type and the third type, were examined for their morphological characteristics, using sporophytes cultivated under common conditions. The discriminant analysis for leaf characters followed by one-way layout ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis test for selected combinations of characters revealed that the following characters may be effective for identifying the three types: the relative lengths of stipe to blade and to pinna, the degree of dissection, the segment densities on rachis and pinna rachis, and the elongation degree of ultimate segments. The number of annulus cells on sporangia also proved to be a possible distinguishing character. As morphological data were obtained from a limited number of cultivated sporophytes, they are regarded as not definitive, but only referential diagnostic characters of the types and should be utilized not solely, but collectively, to avoid identification errors of the types. An identification trial using herbarium specimens proved these diagnostic characters to be useful to a considerable degree. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.