THE ROLE OF PLASMODESMS IN THE TRANSLOCATION OF VIRUS

Although intracellular inclusion bodies may occur in every cell over large areas of the epidermis, they have not been found in the guard cells of the stomata. No protoplasmic connexions could be shown to exist between the guard cells and the surrounding tissues. These findings suggest that, owing to the absence of plasmodesms, the virus is unable to reach the guard cells. Support is lent to the view that, when the virus moves in the ground tissue of the host, it is carried from cell to cell along the protoplasmic bridges.     

TRANSLOCATION OF PHOTOSYNTHATE IN THE BROWN ALGA NEREOCYSTIS

Translocation of photosynthates was found to occur when blades of Nereocystis were illuminated in the presence of C¹⁴ bicarbonates. Rates of translocation averaging 37 cm/hr in the laboratory were observed. Samples from the epidermis, cortex, and medulla of the stipes of plants with blades exposed to tracer showed that the radioactivity in organic compounds was confined to medulla where sieve filaments occurred. Girdle preparations of blades, interrupting the mucilage ducts and leaving the blade medulla intact, allowed translocation to take place. These data indicate that conduction of photosynthate takes place in the medulla. Similarities between the anatomy of algal sieve filaments and angiosperm sieve tubes, coupled with the continuity of the sieve filaments from blade medulla to stipe medulla suggested indirectly that the sieve filaments were conducting elements. Further support of this hypothesis was provided from collections of radioactive exudate from cells in the medulla of the lower stipe that were continuous with the sieve filaments. Tracer applied to the blades was partially recovered as organic material in a clear fluid that collected inside the pneumatocyst. Continued accumulation of radioactivity in this fluid was dependent on living blades; fluid with low specific activity that did not increase during the experiment accumulated slowly if blades were killed with ethanol after an exposure to tracer. It is possible that the system that produced the stipe fluid was part of (or a side effect of) the system responsible for maintaining volume in the conducting system. It may also provide an alternate route (other than the sieve filaments) for delivery of photosynthates to the base of the plant. Carbon-14 applied to blade tips as bicarbonate was recovered in part as radioactive mannitol in the translocation stream.     

肺炎链球菌在复发性阿弗他溃疡中定居部位的变化

目的探讨复发性阿弗他溃疡表面细菌的定居状态.方法 分别对病例组溃疡灶及对照组唇部粘膜进行了细菌学分离对比研究.结果 病例组溃疡灶以肺炎链球菌为主,而对照组唇部粘膜以甲型溶血性链球菌为主. 结论复发性阿弗他溃疡患者中肺炎链球菌定居部位发生改变.