玉米赤霉烯酮在小鼠体内的致突变性研究

用小鼠骨髓细胞微核试验和染色体畸变试验评价了赤霉病麦毒素之一玉米赤霉烯酮的体内致突变效应。玉米赤霉烯酮的试验剂量为0,0.1,1.0,10.0,100.0mg/kg体重,以环磷酰胺为阳性对照。实验结果表明,玉米赤霉烯酮各试验剂量组的微核发生率和染色体畸变率与阴性对照组相比均无显著性统计学差异,亦未发现有明显的性别差异。     

玉米赤霉烯酮生物合成和降解的研究进展

介绍了玉米赤霉烯酮及其6个衍生物的分子结构,以及玉米赤霉烯酮的生物合成途径。阐述了玉米赤霉烯酮生物合成的基因序列群以及基因簇的表达方式。论述了玉米赤霉烯酮钝化和降解过程, 探讨了玉米赤霉烯酮水解酶在基因工程中的应用研究, 并为今后玉米赤霉烯酮生物工程降解研究提出了建议。     

玉米赤霉烯酮的生理作用（简报）

玉米赤霉烯酮抑制种子萌发和出苗;经玉米赤霉烯酮浸种后播于田间的春小麦三叶期至四叶期间,叶长和叶绿素含量以及最后的产量性状均高于对照;低浓度的玉米赤霉烯酮有促进萝卜黄化了叶增重和变绿的作用。     

冬小麦种子萌发过程中的结合态玉米赤霉烯酮

冬小麦种子萌发过程中的结合态玉米赤霉烯酮陈新建（河南农业大学农学系,郑州１５０００２）孟繁静（北京农业大学生物学院,北京１０００９４）关键词结合态玉米赤霉烯酮,冬小麦玉米赤霉烯酮（ｚｅａｒａｌｅｎｏｎｅ）是玉米赤霉菌（Ｇ～ｔｈｅ－）的一种次生代谢产物...     

玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体的制备及间接竞争ELISA检测方法的建立

玉米赤霉烯酮具有较强的生物毒性,检测谷物中的玉米赤霉烯酮在食品和饲料安全中具有重要的作用.将玉米赤霉烯酮与牛血清白蛋白的偶联物免疫BALB/c小鼠制备单克隆抗体,并建立基于单克隆抗体的酶联免疫法作为检测玉米赤霉烯酮的方法.结果共筛选到4株抗玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体,3株抗体亚类为IgG1,1株为IgG2b.选择其中的一株杂交瘤细胞2C9制备小鼠腹水,纯化后测定了抗体效价为1/40 000.以此单抗建立的间接竞争ELISA方法,其半数抑制率(IC50)为1.90 ng/mL,检测限(IC10)为0.051 ng/mL,检测区间(IC20-IC80)为0.115-13.900 ng/mL;且对玉米赤霉烯酮有很好的特异性.回收率检测在样品含1.46-93.80 μg/kg时回收率为96.5％-113.0％.本实验建立的检测方法可用于多种谷物及饲料样本中玉米赤霉烯酮的检测.     

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响(简报)

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种（２４ｈ）可提高玉米幼苗的抗旱性。在干旱条件下,经玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的玉米幼苗叶片中含水量下降缓慢,相对电导率较低,超氧化物歧化酶活性较高,游离脯氯酸含量升高。０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ－１玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的抗逆效果优于０．０１ ｍｇ·Ｌ－１。     

微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮的研究进展

玉米赤霉烯酮（zearalenone,ZEN）是霉变谷物中常见的霉菌毒素之一,主要出现在霉变的玉米、小麦等谷物中,给畜禽和人类带来一定程度的健康危害,如生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肝毒性和肾毒性等。目前,解决玉米赤霉烯酮污染问题的方法包括物理、化学和生物3个途径。虽然传统的物理和化学脱毒方法已经运用在许多的饲料生产中,但同时也存在着二次污染的风险。生物降解法是一种利用微生物吸附和降解玉米赤霉烯酮的脱毒方法,具有安全环保、高效、特异性强和脱毒率高的特性,且不影响谷物的营养价值,已成为玉米赤霉烯酮降解研究的热点。本文主要介绍了近年来降解玉米赤霉烯酮的微生物种类,并将其归纳分类,从微生物的脱毒能力、脱毒方法和脱毒产物进行了叙述,综述了微生物脱毒的优点及前景,以期为微生物降解玉米赤霉烯酮的理论研究及实际应用提供新的视角。     

玉米赤霉烯酮单克隆抗体和免疫酶技术研究

采用蛋白质连接技术合成玉米赤霉烯酮抗原,免疫Balb/c鼠,通过淋巴细胞杂交瘤技术建立六株分泌抗玉米赤霉烯酮的单克隆抗体杂交瘤细胞株。间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定细胞上清抗体效价为1:2084(4H8)、1:256(6H9、4H3、2H5、2C8)、1:16(3F10);腹水抗体效价为10~9(4H3、4H8)、10~8(2H5)、10~7(6H9)、10~5(3H10)。竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验测定六株单克隆抗体对玉米赤霉烯酮的敏感度为0.3—0.8ng/ml。六株抗体与玉米亦霉烯醇的交叉反应率为1.3—9.0％。六株单克隆抗体均属IgG类。细胞体外传代培养和冻存复苏后分泌抗体稳定。纯化抗体在37℃保存12天稳定,-30℃保存90天抗体滴度不变。用该抗体建立竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验检测掺合玉米赤霉烯酮的玉米、小麦、饲料,平均回收率分别为105％、90％、103％,平均批间变异系数为5.8％、2.8％、6.8％,批内变异系数为3.8％、12.7％、15.7％。样品中玉米赤霉烯酮掺合量与竞争间接酶联免疫吸附试验检出量有良好相关性(r≥0.9996)。     

春化冬小麦的玉米赤霉烯酮结合蛋白（简报）

玉米赤霉烯酮是八十年代初从高等植物中鉴定出的一种微量生理活性物质,已证明它在植物成花过程中起重要作用。为了阐明玉米赤霉烯酮的作用机制,我们用放射配体竞争结合分析法研究了春化冬小麦的ＺＥＮ特异结合蛋白。结果表明在春化冬小麦胚芽中存在着可溶性的ＺＥＮ特异结合蛋白（ＺＢＰ）。结合反应的ＰＨ范围在６－８,加热、蛋白酶和尿素处理破坏结合活性。玉米赤霉烯酮的同系物α－玉米赤霉醇和β－玉米赤霉醇,以及动物雌性激     

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种对玉米幼苗抗旱性的影响

玉米赤霉烯酮浸种（２４ｈ）可提高玉米幼苗的抗旱性,在干旱条件下,经玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的玉米幼苗叶片中含水量下降缓慢,相对电导率较低,超氧化物歧化酶活性较高,游离脯氨酸含量升高。０．１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１玉米赤霉烯酮浸种的抗逆效果优于０．０１ｍｇ·Ｌ＾－１。     

Genotoxic effect of isoproturon (herbicide) as revealed by three mammalian in vivo mutagenic bioassays

Genotoxic effect of isoproturon was assessed by employing in vivo chromosomal aberration, micronucleus and sperm-shape abnormality assays. A significant dose-responsive mutagenic effect was observed in chromosome aberration and sperm-shape abnormality tests whereas in micronucleus assay the effect was significant only at the highest dose (200 mg/kg). Only the result for the chronic dose and the two different fixation times (6 and 48 hr) were not statistically significant. The results indicate the genotoxic property of isoproturon in mammalian in vivo test system.     

褐藻寡糖抗环磷酰胺诱导蚕豆根尖的细胞遗传毒性

采用蚕豆根尖细胞的微核试验和染色体畸变试验方法,测定不同浓度的褐藻寡糖对环磷酰胺(cyclophosphamide,CP)诱导的蚕豆根尖细胞的微核率、有丝分裂指数和染色体畸变率的影响。结果表明:褐藻寡糖能有效抑制环磷酰胺诱导的蚕豆根尖细胞微核的产生,即在一定浓度范围内,微核率随褐藻寡糖处理浓度的降低而减少,但低于一定浓度后反而呈上升趋势;不同浓度的褐藻寡糖均可使蚕豆根尖细胞有丝分裂指数增大;褐藻寡糖还能有效降低蚕豆根尖细胞染色体畸变率。因此,褐藻寡糖对蚕豆根尖细胞具有明显的诱抗活性和调节细胞分裂生长的效应。     

Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro

Chlorination is widely used method in the disinfection of drinking and utility water worldwide. In this study, cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of sodium hypochlorite were investigated by the cytokinesis-block micronucleus assay and chromosomal aberration analysis on human peripheral lymphocytes in vitro. A significant increase in chromosomal aberration frequency was observed in all treatments of NaOCl (0.030, 0.065, 0.100, 0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 μg/mL) at 24 and 48 h compared with the negative control and mitomycin C (MMC, 0.3 μg/mL), which was used as a positive control. NaOCl significantly increased the frequency of micronuclei in a dose dependent manner. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between NaOCl concentration and chromosomal aberration, micronuclei frequency, necrotic cells, apoptotic cells and binucleated cells.     

染色体辐射效应的微机检测 Ⅱ断片率 微核率与细胞畸变率间的相关性检测

本文继前文后,按照设计的线性回归程序在“IBM—PC/XT”微型计算机上,进一步检测了断片率、微核率与细胞畸变率之间的相关性,肯定了微核测定法,断片测定法可以替代染色体畸变分析法。     

Biological monitoring of workers in the rubber industry. I. Chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in lymphocytes of vulcanizers

To evaluate the possible genetic consequences of the industrial exposure among the vulcanizers of a rubber plant we measured the in vivo levels of chromosomal aberrations and sister-chromatid exchanges in peripheral lymphocytes of 34 vulcanizers and in an adequate control population. The observed chromosomal aberration frequencies were 1.9 +/- 1.4 aberrations/100 cells in the exposed group and 2.1 +/- 1.5 aberrations/100 cells in the controls. No difference was found between the two groups for the mean value of sister-chromatid exchanges (5.2 +/- 1.3 in the exposed, 5.2 +/- 0.7 in the control group). Cigarette-smoking was clearly associated with increased sister-chromatid exchange frequencies both in the exposed and in the control groups, while chromosomal aberration frequencies were not correlated with smoking habits.     

金不换鲜三七液对哺乳动物致突变和致畸安全性评价

研究了金不换鲜三七液特殊毒理学效应的致突变性。以小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验、小鼠睾丸减数分裂染色体畸变及小鼠致畸试验为指标, 研究金不换鲜三七液的安全性。结果： （ａ） 小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变试验： 低、中、高３ 个剂量组小鼠骨髓细胞染色体畸变率分别为０－７ ％ 、０－２％ 和０－９ ％ , 与对照组相比无显著差异。阳性对照组染色体畸变率大大增高。（ｂ） 小鼠睾丸减数分裂细胞染色体畸变： 在本实验条件下, 小鼠睾丸细胞染色体畸变率［ 包括性染色体单价体（Ｘ－ ＹＵ） , 常染色体单价体（ＡＵ）］ 在各实验组和对照组之间无显著差异。（ｃ） 小鼠致畸试验： 小鼠口服金不换鲜三七液的累积剂量达１５ ｇ／ｋｇ 体重的１／１０、１／５ 和１／２ , 小鼠致畸试验也无显著差异。实验结果表明, 金不换鲜三七液安全无毒。     

Cytogenetic effects of extremely low frequency magnetic field on Wistar rat bone marrow

In this study, the genotoxic and cytotoxic potential of extremely low frequency magnetic fields (ELF-MF) was investigated in Wistar rat tibial bone marrow cells, using the chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) test systems. In addition to these test systems, we also investigated the mitotic index (MI), and the ratio of polychromatic erythrocytes (PCEs) to normochromatic erythrocytes (NCEs). Wistar rats were exposed to acute (1 day for 4h) and long-term (4h/day for 45 days) to a horizontal 50Hz, 1mT uniform magnetic field generated by a Helmholtz coil system. Mitomycin C (MMC, 2mg/kg BW) was used as positive control. Results obtained by chromosome analysis do not show any statistically significant differences between the negative control and both acute and long-term ELF-MF exposed samples. When comparing the group mean CA of long-term exposure with the negative control and acute exposure, the group mean of the long-term exposed group was higher, but this was not statistically significant. However, the mean micronucleus frequency of the longer-term exposed group was considerably higher than the negative control and acutely exposed groups. This difference was statistically significant (p<0.01). The results of the MI in bone marrow showed that the averages of both A-MF and L-MF groups significantly decreased when compared to those in the negative control (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). No significant differences were found between the group mean MI of A-MF exposure with L-MF. We found that the average of PCEs/NCEs ratios of A-MF exposed group was significantly lower than the negative control and L-MF exposed groups (p<0.001 and p<0.01, respectively). In addition, the group mean of the PCEs/NCEs ratios of L-MF was significantly lower than negative control (p<0.01). We also found that the MMC treated group showed higher the number of CA and the frequency of MN formation when compared to those in all other each groups (p-values of all each groups <0.01) and also MMC treated group showed lower MI and the PCEs/NCEs ratios when compared to those in all other each groups (p-values of all groups <0.01). These observations indicate the in vivo suspectibility of mammals to the genotoxicity potential of ELF-MF.     

Investigation of soy sauce treated with nitrite in the chromosomal aberration test in vitro and the micronucleus test in vivo

Soy sauce pretreated with 2300 ppm nitrite caused no more aberrations than did untreated soy sauce in the chromosomal aberration test in vitro using a Chinese hamster fibroblast cell line with or without S9 mixture. The aberration induction by soy sauce is likely to be caused by the 17% sodium chloride it contains. Soy sauce with or without pretreatment with 2300 ppm nitrite was orally given to ICR mice at a dose of 14 ml/kg body weight once or 6 ml/kg body weight/day for 5 consecutive days. This oral administration did not induce any significant increase in micronuclei in the micronucleus test in vivo.     

Genotoxicity assessment of ethylenediamine dinitrate (EDDN) and diethylenetriamine trinitrate (DETN)

Ethylenediamine dinitrate (EDDN) and diethylenetriamine trinitrate (DETN) are relatively insensitive explosive compounds that are being explored as safe alternatives to other more sensitive compounds. When used in combination with other high explosives they are an improvement and may provide additional safety during storage and use. The genetic toxicity of these compounds was evaluated to predict the potential adverse human health effects from exposure by using a standard genetic toxicity test battery which included: a gene mutation test in bacteria (Ames), an in vitro Chinese Hamster Ovary (CHO) cell chromosome aberration test and an in vivo mouse micronucleus test. The results of the Ames test showed that EDDN increased the mean number of revertants per plate with strain TA100, without activation, at 5000μg/plate compared to the solvent control, which indicated a positive result. No positive results were observed with the other tester strains with or without activation in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98, TA1535, TA1537, and Escherichia coli strain WP2 uvrA. DETN was negative for all Salmonella tester strains and E. coli up to 5000μg/plate both with and without metabolic activation. The CHO cell chromosome aberration assay was performed using EDDN and DETN at concentrations up to 5000μg/mL. The results indicate that these compounds did not induce structural chromosomal aberrations at all tested concentrations in CHO cells, with or without metabolic activation. EDDN and DETN, when tested in vivo in the CD-1 mouse at doses up to 2000mg/kg, did not induce any significant increase in the number of micronuclei in bone marrow erythrocytes. These studies demonstrate that EDDN is mutagenic in one strain of Salmonella (TA100) but was negative in other strains, for in vitro induction of chromosomal aberrations in CHO cells, and for micronuclei in the in vivo mouse micronucleus assay. DETN was not genotoxic in all in vitro and in vivo tests. These results show the in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity potential of these chemicals.