利用16S rRNA基因分析3种念珠藻的亲缘关系

通过基因克隆和序列测定,获得了地木耳、发菜和葛仙米的16S rRNA序列。以集胞藻为外类群,采用邻接法(NJ)和最大简约法(MP),对14株念珠藻的16S rRNA基因序列进行系统发育分析,两种方法得到的系统发育树基本一致。结果显示:(1)三者间的遗传距离(0.0129~0.0261,平均值0.0203)均大于普通念珠藻的种内遗传距离(0.0007~0.0118,平均值0.0074),超过了种内差异程度,在系统树中这3种念珠藻分别聚簇在不同的分支上;(2)地木耳、发菜和葛仙米与裂褶念珠藻等其它7种念珠藻间的遗传距离(0.0423~0.0996,平均值0.0561)大于三者间的遗传距离,在系统树中聚类较近,而与其它念珠藻聚类较远。据此,可将地木耳、发菜和葛仙米归为念珠藻属3个不同的种,并且它们的亲缘关系较近。     

南瓜多糖衍生物的制备及其抗氧化研究

对超声辅助法提取的南瓜粗多糖,进行化学改性得到了硫酸化南瓜多糖和羧甲基南瓜多糖。用邻苯三酚自氧化法检测对超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用,用邻二氮菲-金属铁离子-H2O2体系检测对羟自由基的清除作用。结果表明,南瓜多糖对超氧阴离子自由基无抑制作用,经化学改性后的羧甲基南瓜多糖和硫酸化南瓜多糖对超氧阴离子自由基有明显抑制作用,最大清除率达44％和41．67％。以上3种多糖均能有效清除·OH,随着浓度的增加清除作用加强,最大清除率可达46．49％,22．61％和42．35％0。结果显示,经化学改性后的南瓜多糖有较强的抗氧化作用。     

瓦宁木层孔菌中多酚和黄酮类成分分离及清除自由基活性的研究

采用硅胶和反相C18柱层析方法,首次从瓦宁木层孔菌中分离得到了5个化合物,运用NMR波谱法分析和鉴定为樱花亭、7-甲氧基二氢莰非素、二氢莰非素、4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮、hispolon。并通过建立体外二苯基苦味酰基苯肼自由基（·DPPH）、超氧阴离子自由基（·O2?）以及羟自由基（·OH）发生体系,研究了5个化合物对·DPPH、·OH和·O2?的清除作用。结果表明当浓度达到100μg/mL时,化合物4-(3,4-二羟苯基)-3-丁烯-2-酮和hispolon对·DPPH清除率分别为92%和93%,对·OH的清除率分别为90%和95%,而对·O2?的清除率分别为70%和77%,略低于清除·DPPH和·OH的能力;二氢莰非素对·O2?自由基的清除率为39%,强于清除·OH和·DPPH的能力;而樱花亭和7-甲氧基二氢莰非素对3种自由基的清除率均低于30%。2个多酚类化合物清除自由基的能力均强于3个黄酮类化合物。5个化合物清除自由基能力均表现出一定的浓度依赖性。     

中药地榆提取物对自由基的清除作用

本文采用三种分光光度法,测定了中药地榆提取物不同极性溶剂萃取所得各部分对羟自由基和超氧阴离子自由基的清除作用,以BHT为参照.结果表明:中药地榆提取物各萃取部分除石油醚层外,其它各萃取部分对·OH自由基都有清除作用,且随着提取物浓度的增加,清除率逐渐增高;对O2-自由基没有明显的清除作用.其中乙酸乙酯萃取部分对·OH自由基的清除作用最强.     

球孢白僵菌不同菌株清除自由基活性评价

选择不同来源的12株球孢白僵菌,分别测定菌丝体2种溶剂提取物在不同抗氧化模型中的抗氧化作用。结果表明,不同溶剂提取物对二苯基苦味酰基苯肼自由基(DPPH)和羟自由基(.OH)均有清除作用,但是清除自由基的活性不同,乙酸乙酯提取物对.OH的清除作用最为显著,活性较高,最高清除率达到71.54%。甲醇提取物活性均较低,30 min时甲醇提取物对DPPH和.OH清除率最高分别为36%和38.96%,12株白僵菌间的清除自由基活性有较大的差异。     

山楂原花色素的抗氧化作用研究

本文用比色法测定山楂原色素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruits of hawthorn,HPA)的抗氧化作用,即对羟自由基、超氧负离子的清除作用以及抗脂质过氧化的作用,并且通过细胞学实验验证其对上皮细胞的抗氧化损伤的保护作用。试验表明：山楂原色素有很强的抗氧化作用,其作用在浓度为0．1mg/ml-1.0mg/ml之间随着浓度的增大而增强,对超氧负离子的清除和抗脂质过氧化作用尤为明显。在浓度为1mg/ml时,对羟自由基和超氧负离子的清除率分别为59．8％和90．0％,对细胞氧化损伤的保护率为41．96％;浓度为0．5mg/ml时对脂质过氧化的抑制率达91．9％。试验同时还比较了葡萄籽原花色素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruts of grape,GPA)和Vc的抗氧化作用,结果表明：山楂原花色素与葡萄素（Proanthocyanidins from the fruits of grape,GPA)和Vc的抗氧化作用,结果表明：山楂原色素与葡萄籽原花色素效应相当,并远远高于Vc的效应。     

网地藻多糖清除DPPH·自由基活性的动力学研究

该研究通过超声辅助并采用醇沉、脱蛋白、脱色、干燥的方法,分别检测低(0.1 mg·mL~(-1))、中(0.25mg·mL~(-1))、高(0.5 mg·mL~(-1))三种浓度下的网地藻多糖对DPPH·自由基的清除能力,探讨质量浓度和反应时间对网地藻多糖清除DPPH·自由基活性的变化规律。按照一级反应动力学方程和二级反应动力学方程分别建立反应动力学模型。结果表明:不同的质量浓度和反应时间对网地藻多糖清除DPPH·自由基活性均有影响,网地藻多糖质量浓度提高,其清除DPPH·自由基的能力逐渐加强,当网地藻多糖浓度为0.5 mg·mL~(-1)时,反应20 min,网地藻多糖清除DPPH·自由基的清除率最高为86.06%,其清除DPPH·自由基活性半数清除率(IC_(50))为0.25 mg·mL~(-1)。准一级动力学模型拟合的线性相关性较差,相关系数R~2的范围分别为0.848~0.891;准二级动力学模型拟合的相关系数R~2的范围为0.902~0.967,因此采用二级动力学拟合方程能较好地描述网地藻多糖对DPPH·自由基的清除能力。网地藻多糖在低(0.1 mg·mL~(-1))、中(0.25 mg·mL~(-1))、高(0.5 mg·mL~(-1))三种浓度时对DPPH·的二级反应的清除速率常数(k_2)分别为0.011、0.054、0.421。这说明网地藻多糖随着反应浓度逐渐升高其清除DPPH·自由基的速度越来越快,清除自由基能力也越来越强,结合IC_(50)值来共同评价抗氧化能力,IC_(50)值越小,反应速率值越大,表明其抗氧化活性越好,这与实验得出的数据一致。     

天竺葵花清除自由基作用的研究

用化学发光法研究了天竺葵花粗担液对超氧阴离子自由基（Ｏ２）＾＝和羟自由基（ＯＨ）的清除作用,用分光不镀法研究了它对１,１－二苯基－２－苦肼基自由基（ＤＰＰＨ０的清除作用。结果表明,天竺葵花具有很强的清除自由基活性。其粗提物清除Ｏ２＾－分别为３．５μｇ／ｍｌ（红花）,３．０μｇ／ｍｌ（粉花）,１．６μｇ／ｍｌ（浅粉花）,与茶多酚（ＩＣ５０＝１．１μｇ／ｍｌ）相近,清除ＯＨ的ＩＣ５０分别为５．７μｇ／     

鸟苷酸二钠体外抗氧化能力的研究

本文研究了鸟苷酸二钠（GMPNa2）对羟自由基和DPPH·自由基的清除效果,同时建立了H2O2氧化损伤体外培养脾细胞模型,用MTT法检测GMPN％的修复及增殖作用,并分析了GMPNa2对细胞抗氧化体系及抗氧化能力的影响,以评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明：GMPNa2具有剂量依赖性的体外抗氧化和清除活性氧能力,10mmol／LGMPNa2的羟自由基清除能力高达96．644％,但DPPH清除率为6．589％。GMPNa2清除羟自由基与同浓度Vc相近,而其清除DPPH自由基的能力很弱。添加0．5、1、5和10mmol／LGMPNa2均能显著修复H2O2诱导的脾细胞氧化损伤（P〈0．05）,提高总抗氧化能力和抗氧化酶类活力（P〈0．01）。GMPNa2添加量大于1mmol／L时,可显著降低MDA含量（P〈0．01）。说明GMPNa2具有显著的抗氧化作用。     

4种珍稀食用菌水提物的抗氧化活性研究

用DPPH自由基清除法、羟基自由基清除法和超氧阴离子自由基清除法对4种珍稀食用菌灵芝、云芝、茶树菇、松茸的水提物进行抗氧化活性评价,为更好评价其抗氧化活性,以维生素C作为阳性对照。实验结果显示：4种食用菌水提物具有不同程度的抗氧化活性。云芝对DPPH自由基的清除能力最强,其IC₅₀值为1.46 mg/mL,维生素C清除DPPH自由基的IC₅₀为0.046 mg/mL;茶树菇对清除羟基自由基的清除能力最强,其IC₅₀值为1.41 mg/mL,云芝和松茸也有较强清除羟自由基能力,其IC₅₀值分别为1.56、1.57 mg/mL,三者的清除能力均明显优于阳性对照样品,维生素C清除羟自由基的IC₅₀为2.41 mg/mL;灵芝和云芝有较强清除超氧阴离子自由基能力,其IC₅₀值分别为124.48、138.28 mg/mL。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.