Noninvasive Assessment of Tumor VEGF Receptors in Response to Treatment with Pazopanib: A Molecular Imaging Study

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and its receptors (VEGFRs) drive angiogenesis, and several VEGFR inhibitors are already approved for use as single agents or in combination with chemotherapy. Although there is a clear benefit with these drugs in a variety of tumors, the clinical response varies markedly among individuals. Therefore, there is a need for an efficient method to identify patients who are likely to respond to antiangiogenic therapy and to monitor its effects over time. We have recently developed a molecular imaging tracer for imaging VEGFRs known as scVEGF/^99mTc; an engineered single-chain (sc) form of VEGF radiolabeled with technetium Tc 99m (^99mTc). After intravenous injection, scVEGF/^99mTc preferentially binds to and is internalized by VEGFRs expressed within tumor vasculature, providing information on prevalence of functionally active receptors. We now report that VEGFR imaging readily detects the effects of pazopanib, a small-molecule tyrosine kinase inhibitor under clinical development, which selectively targets VEGFR, PDGFR, and c-Kit in mice with HT29 tumor xenografts. Immunohistochemical analysis confirmed that the changes in VEGFR imaging reflect a dramatic pazopanib-induced decrease in the number of VEGFR-2⁺/CD31⁺ endothelial cells (ECs) within the tumor vasculature followed by a relative increase in the number of ECs at the tumor edges. We suggest that VEGFR imaging can be used for the identification of patients that are responding to VEGFR-targeted therapies and for guidance in rational design, dosing, and schedules for combination regimens of antiangiogenic treatment.     

骨窗开颅与骨瓣开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的疗效对比分析

目的：研究骨窗开颅与骨瓣开颅术治疗高血压脑出血的临床疗效。方法：选取2010 年1 月到2014 年1 月我院收治的高血 压脑出血患者50 例,按照随机数字表法将患者分为A组和B组,每组25 例,A组给予骨窗开颅手术治疗,B 组给予骨瓣开颅手 术治疗,比较两组治疗的总有效率、死亡率以及并发症发生率。结果：A 组总有效率为92.0％,显著高于对照组的64.0％,比较差 异具有统计学意义（P＜0.05）;两组病死率比较差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）;A 组并发症的发生率显著低于B 组,比较差异具有 统计学意义（P＜0.05）。结论：骨窗开颅手术治疗高血压脑出血具有较高的临床疗效,且其并发症显著低于骨瓣开颅术。     

Clinical and Bone Density Outcomes of Tumor-Induced Osteomalacia after Treatment

ObjectiveTo report the outcomes of tumor-induced osteomalacia after treatment, particularly related to recovery of bone mass.MethodsWe review the clinical course of a 61-year-old man extremely debilitated from multiple fractures and neuromuscular weakness due to tumor-induced osteomalacia and report the changes in biochemical markers and bone density after removal of the causative neoplasm.ResultsAt the time of diagnosis, the patient’s serum phosphorus and 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D levels were depressed, and his fibroblast growth factor-23 level was markedly elevated. These values normalized 2 days after surgery and remained within their respective reference ranges 4 and 12 months after resection of a mesenchymal tumor. Lumbar bone density values (T-scores) were 0.445 g/cm² (-5.9) preoperatively, 0.939 g/cm² (–1.4) 4 months after surgery, and 1.152 g/cm² (0.7) 12 months after surgery. Left femoral neck values at the same time points were 0.525 g/cm² (-3.0), 1.035 g/cm² (-0.8), and 1.184 g/cm² (1.9). Ultra-distal radius values at the same time points were 0.128 g/cm² (-7.0), 0.191 g/cm² (-5.9), and 0.259 g/cm² (-4.8). In addition, he recovered neuromuscular function and was able to leave his wheelchair.ConclusionTumor-induced osteomalacia can be an extremely debilitating disease. With successful localization, identification, and resection of the neoplasm, bone mass and physical function can recover. (Endocr Pract. 2007;13:458-462)     

富血小板血浆联合同种异体骨治疗非感染性骨不连的临床应用

目的:评价富血小板血浆联合同种异体骨治疗非感染性骨不连的临床疗效。方法:回顾性分析我院创伤骨科2010年2月-2015年1月的非感染性骨不连患者,比较同种异体骨加富血小板血浆混合物与自体髂骨植骨治疗非感染性骨不连的疗效。结果:两组共随访非感染性骨不连患者69例,全部进行了术中断端植骨,其中富血小板血浆联合同种异体骨植骨组(PRP组)21例,其中愈合19例,未愈合2例,临床愈合率90.5%。自体髂骨植骨组(自体骨组)48例,愈合44例,4例未愈合,临床愈合率91.6%。PRP组平均手术持续时间为(108.73±13.91),自体骨组为(120.54±13.87)min,两组间有统计学意义(P0.05)。术后3月,PRP组患者X线骨痂评价标准平均评分值为(2.54±0.43)分,自体骨组为(2.62±0.45)分,两组间差异无统计学意义(P0.05)。结论:富血小板血浆混合同种异体骨植骨治疗骨不连较传统自体髂骨植骨可缩短手术时间,避免供骨区并发症,修复效果良好,为骨不连的治疗提供了一个新的方法。     

91例主动脉夹层动脉瘤的临床治疗体会

目的:依据临床经验,熟练运用开放手术、腔内修复术及杂交手术方法治疗各类主动脉夹层动脉瘤。方法:收集2009年7月~2013年1月在我院手术治疗的主动脉夹层动脉瘤患者共91例,StanfordB型夹层动脉瘤36例(其中21例降主动脉瘤、9例腹主动脉及双髂动脉瘤行腔内覆膜支架隔绝术,6例行腹主动脉人工血管置换术),StanfordA型夹层动脉瘤55例(其中单纯Sun,s手术12例伴Bentall术6例,Bentall术伴部分主动脉弓人工血管置换36例,1例行Ⅱ型的主干与分支动脉人工血管转流+介入腔内隔绝降主动脉及左半弓杂交术),分别以不同的手术方法给予治疗。结果:顺利治愈出院85例,死亡6例,4例因全弓置换术后出现难以控制的大出血、肠坏死、肾功能不全、少尿等并发症而死亡,2例死于Bentall术后严重多功能脏器急性衰竭,1例杂交手术术后出现高血压伴神经系统并发症,1例伴肺部感染及低心排综合征,给予对症治疗后效果不佳,有2例出现肾功能不全,经过透析治愈。腔内修复术后有神经系统的并发症2例,下肢的功能障碍2例,少量内漏4例,以上并发症均经对症治疗后痊愈。术后随访76例,时间3~12个月,除2例于术后第9个月死亡、1例因脑梗塞、脑血管意外等与手术无关的疾病而死亡,2例因吻合口动脉瘤或动脉瘤破裂大出血死亡外,余患者生活状态良好,心功能在I~Ⅱ级。结论:根据主动脉瘤疾病的临床特点和定位诊断,合理选择和运用治疗方法使手术操作变得更为迅速、安全和方便,同时能够取得良好的临床治疗效果。     

169例男性假两性畸形患者的治疗体会

目的:总结男性假两性畸形治疗的临床经验.方法:回顾性分析169例男性假两性畸形患者治疗后的临床资料.结果:169例男性假两性畸形患者,97例选择女性性别,72例选择男性性别,手术平均年龄为7岁.选择男性性别的患者术后阴茎平均长度为5.2 cm,35例出现尿后滴沥,18例再次行手术治疗,8例因阴茎小行手术,5例因尿瘘再行手术修补,5例因尿道狭窄行重吻合术,28例因尿道狭窄需行定期扩张,30例对治疗效果不满意,31例男性担心阴茎小,44例术后社会适应良好.选择女性性别的患者术后无尿失禁及排尿困难,2例再次行手术治疗,其中1例阴蒂肥大,1例尿道阴道瘘,17例因阴道狭窄需定期行阴道扩张(阴道成形术后2例),6例对治疗效果不满意,80例术后社会适应良好的.结论:男性假两性畸形治疗性别选择需在医生的指导下,根据患者及家庭意愿慎重决择,选择男性治疗难度大,术后并发症和社会适应困难比选择女性更明显.     

重型颅脑外伤致脑疝患者的临床救治体会

目的:探讨重型颅脑外伤致脑疝的临床救治方法并总结救治体会,以提高重型颅脑外伤致脑疝患者的临床救治水平,提高其生存率。方法:回顾性分析2006年1月～2011年12月年收治的220例重型颅脑外伤致脑疝的患者的临床资料,探讨综合性救治措施对重型颅脑外伤致脑疝患者的临床意义。结果:根据格拉斯哥预后评分(GOS)评价全组预后:45例恢复良好(20.5%),34例中残(15.5%),41例重残(18.6%),25例植物生存(11.4%),75例死亡(34.1%),其中7例术中死亡,28例术后死于感染、消化道出血及多器官功能衰竭等严重并发症,40例死于脑损伤及继发脑功能严重衰竭。结论:颅脑外伤致脑疝患者致死率高,预后差,采取术前、术中、术后的综合救治措施,可显著提高患者生存率及改善预后。     

骨髓干细胞移植治疗肝硬化的基础与临床研究现状

肝硬化是一种临床常见的肝病良性终末期表现。目前临床上尚缺乏有效的治疗措施。肝脏移植是最理想的治疗方法,但受供体肝脏来源限制,且费用昂贵。近年来开展的自体骨髓干细胞(BMSCs)移植治疗,为肝硬化的治疗带来了新的希望。BMSCs主要包括造型血干细胞和间充质干细胞,其具有可塑性,体外通过生长因子,体内利用特定微环境均可诱导BMSCs分化为肝前体细胞和成熟肝细胞,并明显改善肝功能。从动物实验到临床研究亦表明,BMSCs具有来源丰富、费用低廉、损伤小、自体移植不栓塞、无排斥反应等优点,为治疗肝病带来了新思路,有望成为生物人工肝的细胞来源。本文就BMSCs移植治疗肝硬化的研究现状,尤其是移植途径以及在肝脏内定居、迁移和分化机制的示踪观察方法和存在的问题作一综述,以期为从事肝病研究的同仁提供参考依据。通过对BMSCs移植从基础研究及临床应用的最新进展的描述,展示BMSCs在肝硬化治疗方面良好的治疗前景。     

Clinical Experience with Vincaleukoblastine Sulfate in the Treatment of 11 Patients with Hodgkin's Disease

Eleven patients with established Hodgkin''s disease were treated with vinblastine sulfate. Each patient received from 0.15 to 0.20 mg./kg. of body weight intravenously in 10 divided doses over a five-hour period as initial therapy. All had received one or more of the more established forms of treatment before being given vinblastine. The response to treatment with vinblastine was excellent in three patients, good in one, and poor in three; there was no response in four. The longest remission was 15 months. Two of the patients were father and son. The side effects of treatment in this series included alopecia, leukopenia, and septicemia.     

The Desmethyl Metabolite of Imipramine (G-35020) in the Treatment of Depression: Further Clinical Experience

The desmethyl metabolite of imipramine (DMI) was used to treat 103 depressed patients, standard dosage being 50 mg. thrice daily orally. Seventy patients recovered or were much improved. The indication for DMI and its activity spectrum were of the same order as imipramine. Side effects were less frequent and less severe. Average onset of definitive improvement was three days; earliest changes noted were in facies, motility, and relief of guilt feelings. Besides the classical straightforward response, seven patients improved early but relapsed, and 12 showed a “plateau effect”. Absence of favourable response after seven days necessitated reevaluation and/or substitution of other approaches. DMI may be the drug of choice in initiating treatment of depression, but seemed insufficient alone to deal with agitated, acutely suicidal patients. Although DMI appeared an effective, fast-acting antidepressant, there is still no panacea for this ubiquitous syndrome, whose proper management calls for flexibility and awareness of its multifactorial etiology.     

自体骨髓干细胞移植治疗失代偿期肝硬化的临床效果分析

目的:观察自体骨髓间充质干细胞(BMSC)移植治疗合并不同并发症的失代偿期肝硬化的临床效果。方法:回顾性分析我院自2008年12月至2013年12月收治的148例经自体BMSC移植治疗的肝硬化合并肝性脑病、肝肾综合征、肝源性糖尿病以及消化道出血患者治疗前后的肝、肾功能、血清蛋白、血常规等指标的变化情况。结果:治疗后,肝硬化合并肝性脑病患者的ALT、血氨水平改善明显,TBIL反复;合并肝肾综合征的患者HB、Crea水平改善明显,ALT、AST、DBIL反复;合并肝源性糖尿病患者的ALT、TBIL、DBIL、TB、ALB、血糖水平改善明显;合并消化道出血患者的ALT、TP、ALB改善明显,AST、TBIL、PLT反复。结论:自体BMSC移植治疗肝硬化合并肝源性糖尿病的效果较好,对合并肝性脑病、肝肾综合征以及消化道出血患者的效果欠佳。     

参麦注射液对于白血病骨髓抑制期的治疗作用

目的：探讨参麦注射液对于白血病骨髓抑制期的治疗作用。方法：选取我院2011 年1 月至2012 年12 月收治的白血病的患者47 例,随机分为两组,观察组24 例化疗的同时给予参麦注射液,观察组患者23 例只给予化疗,比较两组患者化疗后的骨髓抑制情况和感染发生情况。结果：两组患者化疗效果显示总有效率分别为66.7%和65.2%,无显著差别（P〉0.05）。两组患者化疗骨髓抑制后WBC, Hb, PLT 的恢复时间分别为（6.32± 2.75）天,（9.32± 2.12）天和（7.31± 3.21）天,明显低于对照组（11.34± 4.34）天,（12.54± 3.21）天和（12.41± 4.32）天,差异显著有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患者中性粒细胞ANC〈0.5× 10^9/L持续的时间明显少于对照组,差异明显有统计学意义（P〈0.05）;观察组患者发生感染的比例明显低于对照组,差异显著有统计学意义（P〈0.05）。结论：参麦注射液可以明显减轻白血病化疗后的骨髓抑制现象,有效保护骨髓的造血功能,缩短骨髓受抑制时间,和降低感染率,明显提高患者生活质量。     

伤椎植骨结合后路钉棒系统治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效

目的:报告经椎弓根植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折的临床疗效.方法:2009年8月-2011年4月,使用我院自行设计椎体内植骨器通过伤椎椎弓根将医用磷酸钙人工骨植骨于伤椎椎体内治疗23例新鲜胸腰椎骨折.结果:所有患者均获得随访,术后3-6月有部分骨替代,6-8月骨缺损处出现骨硬化带及部分骨组织,椎体前缘高度比值由术前30％-60％上升到术后88％-95％,末次随访时高度无明显丢失,未出现螺钉松动断裂现象.结论:经椎弓根植骨内固定治疗胸腰椎骨折能有效防止椎体高度丢失和减少并发症的发生.     

典必殊眼膏注入泪小管治疗泪小管炎的临床体会

目的:探讨改善临床治疗泪小管炎疗效的新方法。方法:针对我科门诊就诊的泪小管炎病例,先用生理盐水尽量冲洗泪道分泌物和泪道内结石,然后用庆大霉素冲洗,再用典必殊眼膏泪小管内注入保留。结果:所有5例泪小管炎病例均病情恢复迅速,15天至1月内均获得治愈,随访半年以上无复发表现。结论:采用冲洗后再加入典必殊眼膏泪小管内注入的新方法疗效确切,且起效迅速,操作简单,为临床治疗慢性泪小管炎提供了一条新途径。     

典必殊眼膏注入泪小管治疗泪小管炎的临床体会

目的：探讨改善临床治疗泪小管炎疗效的新方法。方法：针对我科门诊就诊的泪小管炎病例,先用生理盐水尽量冲洗泪道分泌物和泪道内结石,然后用庆大霉素冲洗,再用典必殊眼膏泪小管内注入保留。结果：所有5例泪小管炎病例均病情恢复迅速,15天至1月内均获得治愈,随访半年以上无复发表现。结论：采用冲洗后再加入典必殊眼膏泪小管内注入的新方法疗效确切,且起效迅速,操作简单,为临床治疗慢性泪小管炎提供了一条新途径。     

伊班膦酸钠联合化疗治疗恶性肿瘤骨转移的临床观察

目的:探讨伊班膦酸钠联合化疗治疗恶性骨转移的临床疗效.方法:采用随机分组的方法将60例病人分为二组:单纯化疗组:根据原发肿瘤采用相应的治疗方案;联合治疗组:在化疗基础上联合邦罗力治疗.结果:骨转移灶疗效评价:联合治疗组的有效率为50%,单纯化疗组的有效率为23.3%,前者的疗效明显优于后者,且有显著性差异(p＜0.05);止痛疗效评价:联合治疗组的有效率为83.3%,单纯化疗组的有效率为53.3%,前者明显优于后者,且有显著性差异(p＜0.05).结论:伊班膦酸钠的不良反应轻,联合化疗可显著增强疗效,改善患者体能状态.