Pseudodesulfovibrio alkaliphilus,sp. nov., an alkaliphilic sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a terrestrial mud volcano

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - The diversity of anaerobic microorganisms in terrestrial mud volcanoes is largely unexplored. Here we report the isolation of a novel sulfate-reducing alkaliphilic...     

Sinanaerobacter chloroacetimidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic bacterium isolated from anaerobic sludge

An obligate anaerobic bacterial strain (BAD-6^T) capable of degrading acetochlor and butachlor was isolated from an anaerobic acetochlor-degrading reactor. Cells were Gram-stain positive, straight to gently curved rods with flagella. The major fermentation products in peptone-yeast broth were acetate and butyrate. The optimum temperature and pH for growth was 30 °C and 7.2–7.5, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids (>?10%) were C_14:0 FAME, C_16:0 FAME and cyc-9,10-C_19:0 DMA. Genome sequencing revealed a genome size of 4.80 Mb, a G?+?C content of 43.6 mol% and 4741 protein-coding genes. The most closely related described species on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences was Anaerovorax odorimutans NorPut^T in the order Clostridiales of the class Clostridia with sequence similarity of 94.9%. The nucleotide identity (ANI) value and digital DNA–DNA hybridization (dDDH) between the genomes of strain BAD-6^T and Ana. odorimutans NorPut^T were 70.9% and 15.9%, respectively. Based on the distinct differences in phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics between strain BAD-6^T and related species, Sinanaerobacter chloroacetimidivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate the strain. Strain BAD-6^T is the type strain (=?CCTCC AB 2021092^T?=?KCTC 25290^T).

     

Tepidibaculum saccharolyticum gen. nov., sp. nov. a moderately thermophilic,anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium isolated from a terrestrial hot spring

Extremophiles - A novel moderately thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium, strain STR9T was isolated from terrestrial hot spring at Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka peninsula, Russia. Cells of strain STR9T were...     

Characterization of Halanaerobaculum tunisiense gen. nov., sp. nov., a new halophilic fermentative, strictly anaerobic bacterium isolated from a hypersaline lake in Tunisia

A new halophilic anaerobe was isolated from the hypersaline surface sediments of El-Djerid Chott, Tunisia. The isolate, designated as strain 6SANG, grew at NaCl concentrations ranging from 14 to 30%, with an optimum at 20–22%. Strain 6SANG was a non-spore-forming, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterium, appearing singly, in pairs, or occasionally as long chains (0.7–1 × 4–13 μm) and showed a Gram-negative-like cell wall pattern. It grew optimally at pH values between 7.2 and 7.4, but had a very broad pH range for growth (5.9–8.4). Optimum temperature for growth was 42°C (range 30–50°C). Strain 6SANG required yeast extract for growth on sugars. Glucose, sucrose, galactose, mannose, maltose, cellobiose, pyruvate, and starch were fermented. The end products from glucose fermentation were acetate, butyrate, lactate, H₂, and CO₂. The G + C ratio of the DNA was 34.3 mol%. Strain 6SANG exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 91–92% with members of the genus Halobacteroides, H. halobius being its closest phylogenetic relative. Based on phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, we propose that this bacterium be classified as a novel species of a novel genus, Halanaerobaculum tunisiense gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is 6SANG^T (=DSM 19997^T = JCM 15060^T).     

Characterization of Halanaerocella petrolearia gen. nov., sp. nov., a new anaerobic moderately halophilic fermentative bacterium isolated from a deep subsurface hypersaline oil reservoir

An anaerobic, halophilic, and fermentative bacterium, strain S200(T), was isolated from a core sample of a deep hypersaline oil reservoir. Cells were rod-shaped, non-motile, and stained Gram-positive. It grew at NaCl concentrations ranging from 6 to 26% (w/v), with optimal growth at 15% (w/v) NaCl, and at temperatures between 25 and 47°C with an optimum at 40-45°C. The optimum pH was 7.3 (range 6.2-8.8; no growth at pH 5.8 and pH 9). The doubling time in optimized growth conditions was 3.5 h. Strain S200(T) used exclusively carbohydrates as carbon and energy sources. The end products of glucose degradation were lactate, formate, ethanol, acetate, H(2), and CO(2). The predominant cellular fatty acids were non-branched fatty acids C(16:1), C(16:0), and C(14:0). The G + C mole% of the DNA was 32.7%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain S200(T) formed a distinct lineage within the family Halobacteroidaceae, order Halanaerobiales, and was most closely related to Halanaerobaculum tunisiense DSM 19997(T) and Halobacteroides halobius DSM 5150(T), with sequence similarity of 92.3 and 91.9%, respectively. On the basis of its physiological and genotypic properties, strain S200(T) is proposed to be assigned to a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Halanaerocella petrolearia is proposed. The type strain of Halanaerocella petrolearia is strain S200(T) (=DSM 22693(T) = JCM 16358(T)).     

Moorella sulfitireducens sp. nov., a thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from a terrestrial thermal spring

Extremophiles - The haloalkaliphilic genus Thioalkalivibrio, widely used in bio-desulfurization, can oxidize H2S to So, which is excreted outside cells in the form of biosulfur globules. As...     

Halomonas alkaliphila sp. nov., a novel halotolerant alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a salt pool in Campania (Italy)

A halotolerant and alkaliphilic Gram-negative bacterium, strain 18bAG(T), that grows aerobically at the optimum temperature of 37 degrees C, and at pH 7.5-10 (optimum 9.0), was isolated from a salt pool located in Montefredane in Campania Region (South of Italy). The isolate tolerated high concentration of NaCl up to 20%. Strain 18bAG(T) accumulated osmolytes and polyhydroxybutyrate, produced exopolysaccharide and possessed alpha-glucosidase activity. The predominant respiratory quinones were ubiquinones, Q8 and Q6(6H); phosphoethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were the predominant polar lipids. Major fatty acids were C16 : 1, C16 : 0, and C18 : 0. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 18bAG(T) was shown to belong to Halomonas genus. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed a high similarity of strain 18bAG(T) to Halomonas venusta (DSM 4743(T)) and Halomonas hydrothermalis (DSM 15725(T)). Level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain 18bAG(T) and the most related species Halomonas venusta and Halomonas hydrothermalis was 56.0% and 41.2%, respectively. The G+C content (mol%) of DNA was 53.0. The RiboPrinting patterns of Halomonas venusta and 18AG(T) showed a pattern similarity of 0.50. On the basis of genomic information and phenotypic characteristics strain 18bAG(T) represents a new species, for which the name Halomonas alkaliphila sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 18bAG(T) (=DSM 16354T =ATCC BAA-953T).     

Fibrivirga algicola gen. nov., sp. nov., an algicidal bacterium isolated from a freshwater river

An aerobic, gram-stain-negative, pink-colored, non-motile and rod-shaped algicidal bacterium, designated as JA-25^T was isolated from freshwater in Geumgang River, Republic of Korea. Strain JA-25^T grew at 15–30 °C and pH 6–9, and did not require NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain JA-25^T belongs to the family ‘Spirosomaceae’ and is most closely related to Fibrella aestuarina BUZ 2^T (93.6%). Strain JA-25^T showed?<?90% sequence similarity to other members of the family ‘Spirosomaceae’. The average nucleotide identity(ANI), in silico DNA-DNA hybridization and average amino acid identity(AAI) values based on the genomic sequences of JA-25^T and F. aestuarina BUZ 2^T were 74.4, 20.5, and 73.6%, respectively. Strain JA-25^T showed an algicidal effect on the marine flagellate alga Heterocapsa triquetra, but no effect on fresh water cyanobacterium (Nostoc). In genome analysis, RIPP-like peptides were detected and predicted to resemble the indolmycin biosynthetic gene cluster, which possibly influence its algicidal effect. Furthermore, a bacteriorhodopsin gene with photoheterotrophic characteristics was detected. The genomic DNA G?+?C content was 52.5 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16:1 ω6c/C16:1 ω7c), C16:1 ω5c, C16:0 (>?10%). The major respiratory quinone was menaquinone 7 and major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, two unidentified aminolipids, two phospholipids, and five unidentified lipids. Considering the phylogenetic inference, phenotypic, and chemotaxonomic data, strain JA-25^T should be classified as a novel species in the novel genus Fibrivirga, with the proposed name Fibrivirga algicola sp. nov. The type strain is JA-25^T (=?KCCM 43334^T?=?NBRC 114259^T).

     

Maricurvus nonylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov., a nonylphenol-degrading bacterium isolated from seawater

A novel aerobic, Gram-negative bacterial strain, designated KU41E(T), which degrades p-n-nonylphenol, was isolated from seawater obtained from the coastal region of Ishigaki Island, Japan. Cells are motile, curved rods with a single polar flagellum. Strain KU41E(T) grew at 20-35 °C, pH 7.0-8.0, in the presence of 1.0-4.0% NaCl. The predominant respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone-8, and the major cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C(15:0) iso 2OH and/or C(16:1) ω7c, 28.4%), C(18:1) ω7c (19.8%), and C(16:0) (17.0%). The DNA G + C content was 48.6 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KU41E(T) is affiliated with the order Alteromonadales within the class Gammaproteobacteria and is most closely related to Pseudoteredinibacter isoporae SW-11(T) (93.6% similarity) and Teredinibacter turnerae T7902(T) (91.9% similarity). On the basis of physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic data, strain KU41E(T) is suggested to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Maricurvus nonylphenolicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of M. nonylphenolicus is KU41E(T) (=JCM 17778(T)).     

Oceaniferula marina gen.nov., sp.nov., an anti-fluoroquinolone bacterium isolated from marine sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A Gram-stain-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-gliding and non-motile bacterium designated as N1E253T, was isolated from marine sediments collected from the coast of...     

Proteiniclasticum sediminis sp. nov., an obligate anaerobic bacterium isolated from anaerobic sludge

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - An obligate anaerobic bacterial BAD-10&nbsp;T was isolated from anaerobic acetochlor-degrading sludge. The strain was Gram-stain negative, curved rod-shaped,...     

Echinicola salinicaeni sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from saltern mud

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel gram-negative, aerobic, pink, motile, gliding, rod-shaped bacterium, designated P51T, was isolated from saline silt samples in Yantai, China. It was able to grow...     

Pacificispira spongiicola gen. nov., sp. nov., a nitrate-reducing bacterium isolated from tropical western Pacific

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - The Gram-stain-negative, strictly aerobic, curved-to-spiral rod-shaped bacterial strain, designated KN72T, was isolated from the Caroline Seamounts in the Pacific Ocean....     

Thermohalobaculum xanthum gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from mangrove sediment

Antonie van Leeuwenhoek - A novel moderately thermophilic and halophilic bacterium, designated strain M0105T, was isolated from mangrove sediment collected in the Beibu Gulf, south China. The...     

Proteinivorax tanatarense gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, haloalkaliphilic, proteolytic bacterium isolated from a decaying algal bloom, and proposal of Proteinivoraceae fam. nov.

Two strains of a novel anaerobic, protein- and nucleoside-utilizing bacterium, Z-910^T and Z-810, were isolated. The strains were spore-forming, mainly nonmotile rods, exhibiting positive Gram reaction with Gram-positive cell wall structure. The strains were mesophilic and haloalkaliphilic. Cultures used proteins and proteinaceous substrates as carbon, nitrogen, and energy sources. Both strains used also ribonucleosides, cellobiose, pyruvate, and glycerol. Ribose and nucleobases did not support growth. The fermentation products from all utilized substrates were identical but varied in content and included straight and branched acids, as well as hydrogen and ammonia. When grown on tryptone, strain Z-910^T was able to reduce fumarate, dimethyl sulfoxide, thiosulfate, and elemental sulfur. Neither nitrate nor sulfate was reduced. The DNA G + C content of strain Z-910^T was 32.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity revealed that strains Z-910^T and Z-810 represented a new branch within the order Clostridiales, with 90.2 % similarity to the nearest genus with a validly published name Anaerobranca gottschalkii DSM 13577^T. According to their physiological, chemotaxonomic, and phylogenetic properties, strains Z-910^T and Z-810 represented a new genus and novel species, for which the name Proteinivorax tanatarense gen. nov., sp. nov. was proposed. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the genera Proteinivorax gen. nov. and Anaerobranca formed a separate cluster within the order Clostridiales. The family Proteinivoraceae fam. nov. comprising the genera Proteinivorax gen. nov. and Anaerobranca was therefore proposed within the order Clostridiales of the phylum Firmicutes with Proteinivorax as a type genus of the new family.     

Acetatifactor muris gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from the intestine of an obese mouse

We used selective agar media for culturing bacteria from the caecum of mice fed a high calorie diet. In addition to the isolation of Enterobacteriaceae growing on a medium containing cholesterol and bile salts, we focused on the characterization of strain CT-m2^T, which, based on 16S rDNA analysis, did not appear to correspond to any currently described organisms. The isolate belongs to the Clostridium cluster XIV and is most closely related to members of the Lachnospiraceae, including the genera Anaerostipes, Blautia, Butyrivibrio, Clostridium, Coprococcus, Eubacterium, Robinsoniella, Roseburia, Ruminococcus and Syntrophococcus (≤90?% similarity). Strain CT-m2^T is a non-motile Gram-positive rod that does not form spores and has a G?+?C content of DNA of 48.5?%. Cells grow under strictly anoxic conditions (100?% N₂) and produce acetate and butyrate after growth in reduced WCA broth. In contrast to related species, the new bacterium does not metabolize glucose and is positive for phenylalanine arylamidase, and its major cellular fatty acid is C_14:0. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic studies, the isolate merits recognition as a member of a novel genus and species, for which the name Acetatifactor muris is proposed. The type strain is CT-m2^T (=?DSM 23669^T?=?ATCC BAA-2170^T).     

Desulfomonile tiedjei gen. nov. and sp. nov., a novel anaerobic,dehalogenating, sulfate-reducing bacterium

An anaerobic, dehalogenating, sulfate-reducing bacterium, strain DCB-1, is described and nutritionally characterized. The bacterium is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, non-sporeforming large rod with an unusual morphological feature which resembles a collar. The microorganism reductively dehalogenates meta substituted halobenzoates and also reduces sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate as electron acceptors. The bacterium requires nicotinamide, 1,4-naphthoquinone and thiamine for optimal growth in a defined medium. The microorganism can grow autotrophically on H₂:CO₂ with sulfate or thiosulfate as terminal electron acceptors. It can also grow heterotrophically with pyruvate, several methoxybenzoates, formate plus sulfate or benzoate plus sulfate. It ferments pyruvate to acetate and lactate in the absence of other electron acceptors. The bacterium is inhibited by MoO _inf4 ^sup2- or SeO _inf4 ^sup2- as well as tetracycline, chloramphenicol, kanamycin or streptomycin. Cytochrome c₃ and desulfoviridin have been purified from cells grown in defined medium. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicates the organism is a new genus of sulfate-reducing bacteria in the delta subdivision of the class Proteobacteria. We propose that the strain be named Desulfomonile tiedjei.Non-standard abbreviations PIPES piperazine-N,N-bis[2-ethanesulfonic acid] - MES 2-[N-morpholino]ethanesulfonic acid - TES N-tris[hydroxymethyl]methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid - HQNO 2-N-heptyl-4-hydroxy-quinoline-N-oxide - CCCP carbonyl-cyanide-m-chlorophenylhydrazine - CM carboxymethyl     

Desulfuromonas acetoxidans gen. nov. and sp. nov., a new anaerobic,sulfur-reducing,acetate-oxidizing bacterium

Anaerobic sea or fresh water media with acetate and elemental sulfur yielded enrichments of a new type of strictly anaerobic, rod-shaped, laterally flagellated, Gram-negative bacterium. Three pure culture-strains from different sulfide-containing sea water sources were characterized in detail and are described as a new genus and species Desulfuromonas acetoxidans.The new bacterium is unable to ferment organic substances; it obtains energy for growth by anaerobic sulfur respiration. Acetate, ethanol or propanol can serve as carbon and energy source for growth; their oxidation to CO₂ is stoichiometrically linked to the reduction of elemental sulfur to sulfide. Organic disulfide compounds, malate or fumarate are the only other electron acceptors used. Butanol and pyruvate are used in the presence of malate only; no other organic compounds are utilized. Biotin is required as a growth factor. The following dry weight yields per mole of substrate are obtained: in the presence of sulfur: 4.21 g on acetate, 9.77 g on ethanol; in the presence of malate: 16.5 g on acetate, 34.2 g on ethanol and 46.2 g on pyruvate. Accumulations of cells are pink; cell suspensions exhibit absorption spectra resembling those of c-type cytochromes (abs. max. at 419, 523 and 553 nm). Malate-ethanol grown cells contain a b-type cytochrome in addition.In the presence of acetate, ethanol or propanol, Desulfuromonas strains form robust growing syntrophic mixed cultures with phototrophic green sulfur bacteria.Dedicated to Prof. Roger Y. Stanier on the occasion of his 60th barthday