Morphology and chaetotaxy of the first instar larvae of six species of the Satyrus (s.l.) series (Lepidoptera: Nymphalidae)

Abstract. The morphology and chaetotaxy of the first instar larvae of six species belonging to the genera Hipparchia, Kanetisa and Chazara are described. Specific characters are stated, drawn mainly from size, setal length and morphology, and the shape of the suranal plate. Several characters, other than chaetotaxy, that are of potential use in nymphalid systematics are discussed. The larval chaetotaxy is briefly compared with that of both heliconiine and danaine first instar larvae.     

Cercarial chaetotaxy of Codonocephalus urniger (Rudolphi, 1819) (Trematoda: Diplostomidae)

The chaetotaxy of Codonocephalus urniger (Rudolphi, 1819) cercariae recovered from Lymnaea palustris in a brackish water lake in Bulgaria is described and figured. Comparisons with Diplostomum spathaceum (Rudolphi, 1819) and D. pseudospathaceum Niewiadomska, 1984 cercariae indicate a similar general pattern in the distribution of sensilla but with marked differences in their number and arrangement on the ventral sucker, tail stem and furcae. Data on the chaetotaxy of other diplostomid species are used to reveal the similarities and variations in some complexes within the members of Diplostomidae with known cercarial chaetotaxy.     

Identification of instars of Hypera postica using chaetotaxy

A new method using chaetotaxy for identification of instars of Hypera postica (Gyllenhal) is presented and compared with earlier methods. I recommend a combined method using separation of small (first and second instars) and large (third and fourth instars) followed by identification of particular instars by using chaetotaxy.     

中国安徽省刺齿虫兆属一新种(弹属目:长角虫兆科)

本文记述刺齿虫兆属１新种：祁门刺齿虫兆Ｈｏｍ ｉｄｉａ ｑｉｍ ｅｎｅｎｓｉｓ, ｓｐ． ｎｏｖ． （图１～１２）。该种在颏部具有叶状毛与Ｈ． ｌａｔｉｆｏｌｉａ Ｌｉ＆ Ｃｈｅｎ １９９９和Ｈ． ｐｏｌｙｓｅｔａ Ｃｈｅｎ １９９８相似,主要区别在于体色斑纹和头部背面、下唇基部、颏部及第４腹节等部位毛序。正模♀,副模２♀♀,安徽祁门牯牛降国家自然保护区,１９９４－ Ⅷ－ ２５,存于南京大学生物科学与技术系。     

How predatory mites cope with the web of their tetranychid prey: a functional view on dorsal chaetotaxy in the Phytoseiidae

It has been proposed from behavioural observations that the ability of Phytoseiidae to penetrate the web is related to chaetotaxy. As phytoseiid species differ widely in chaetotaxy, as well as in their ability to cope with complex webs, this hypothesis was tested by studying relations between these two variables. In this paper we develop a simple method to quantify the degree to which the soma is protected from contact with the silk and apply it to phytoseiid species for which behavioural performance in the web is known from the literature. It is found that the better protected species experience less hinder from complex webs, such as produced byTetranychus spp. Moreover, they appear to be more successful in exterminating local populations ofTetranychus spp. Thus, setal patterns in the Phytoseiidae may well be a good indicator for selecting candidates for biological control ofTetranychus spp. Finally, we propose a parsimonious scenario for the evolution of dorsal chaetotaxy in the Phytoseiidae.     

The biology and development of Hypoaspis (Pneumolaelaps) hyatti (Acari: Mesostigmata)

All the stages of Hypoaspis ( Pneumolaelaps ) hyatti Evans & Till are described and figured. The mites seem to feed on Tyrophagus laevis (Dujardin, 1849). The leg chaetotaxy and the development of the dorsal chaetotaxy are summarized. Egg lengths and female body lengths of several gamasids are compared.     

Leg chaetotaxy and the classification of the Uropodina (Acari: Mesostigmata)

Details of the segmental chaetotaxy of the legs of 47 species of Uropodina are given. On the basis of the ontogenetic development of the chaetotaxy, the Uropodina may be divided into two groups which coincide with the concepts of the Lower (Polyaspidoidea) and Higher (Uropodoidea) Uropodina of certain authors. Chaetotactic criteria do not support the classification of the Polyaspidini and Trachyuropodini sensu Hirschmann and Z-Nicol within the Oplitinae Hirschmann & Z-Nicol, the Diarthrophallini within the Uroactiniinae Hirschmann & Z-Nicol or the genus Trachytes within the Uropodini.
A critical appraisal is given of the classification of the Uropodidae (based on "Gangmerk-male") by Hirschmann and Z-Nicol.     

Cercarial chaetotaxy of Echinostoma miyagawai Ishii, 1932 (Digenea: Echinostomatidae), with a review of the sensory patterns in the ‘revolutum’ group

Systematic Parasitology - The chaetotaxy of cercaria of the echinostome Echinostoma miyagawai, found in naturally infected Planorbis planorbis in a brackish water lake in Bulgaria, is described and...     

冬虫夏草寄主蒲氏钩蝠蛾幼虫的毛序

蒲氏钩蝠蛾Thitarodes pui(Zhang et al.)幼虫是冬虫夏草的寄主昆虫,本文首次对其幼虫毛序进行观察。结果表明,蒲氏钩蝠蛾幼虫头壳刚毛数量、相对位置与多数蝠蛾昆虫一致,但比拉脊钩蝠蛾少了2对刚毛;蒲氏钩蝠蛾幼虫前胸节也比拉脊钩蝠蛾少1对微腹毛;第2、第3胸节毛序相似,均缺失前背毛而多了微背毛、微亚背毛;除第9、第10节外,所有腹节的背毛、侧毛、亚背毛排列是一致的,但是在有足腹节中,亚腹毛为3对,其它腹节亚腹毛仅有2对;除第1和第2腹节具2对微腹毛外,其它腹节微腹毛仅1对,这些微腹毛在排列、长度上均存在一定的差异。     

A new genus of the mite subfamily Platyseiinae from Jamaica (Parasitiformes: Ascidae)

Cheiroseiulus reniformis n.gen., n. sp. , a platyseiine mite from water pools on epiphytes in Jamaica, is described. The species is characterized by having a markedly hypotrichous opisthonotal chaetotaxy. A key is given to the genera of the Platyseiinae.     

Chaetotaxy of members of the Gyrodactylidae (Monogenea), with comments upon their systematic relationships with the Monopisthocotylea and Polyopisthocotylea

This study investigates intra- and inter-generic variation in the chaetotaxy pattern of members of the Gyrodactylidae and compares these data with those from other monogenean groups elucidated by other workers. The staining of surface sensillary structures has revealed areas of homology between the two genera Gyrodactylus and Ooegyrodactylus, which have markedly contrasting modes of reproduction. Although species specific maps have been elucidated for members of the genus Gyrodactylus, no evolutionary trends in their sensillary patterns could be determined. Members of the family Gyrodactylidae are shown to possess a cluster of 3 × 2 sensilla, similar in their size and arrangement to the post-ocular (spo) cluster of sensilla in polyopisthocotyleans, although on the opposite surface. A comparable cluster of sensilla is lacking in monopisthocotyleans. This information gathered from chaetotaxy supports the proposal that the order Gyrodactylidea is close to the polyopisthocotylean line of monogenean evolution.     

Descriptions of the larvae of the beetle family Trogidae (Coleoptera,Scarabaeoidea) from the Russian Far East

Previously unknown larvae of Trox ussuriensis Balthasar, T. koreanus Kim, T. zoufali Balthasar, and Glyptotrox ineptus (Balthasar) of the family Trogidae are described and illustrated. The larva of T. ussuriensis differs from that of T. sabulosus (Linnaeus) in the shape of setae on the abdominal tergite I and in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule. The larva of T. koreanus differs from those of T. zoufali and T. scaber (Linnaeus) in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule, clypeus, and labrum. The larva of T. zoufali is very similar to those of T. koreanus and T. scaber but differs in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule. The larva of Glyptotrox ineptus is similar to that of G. mandli (Balthasar) but differs in the chaetotaxy of the head capsule and in the presence of furrows on the frons. An original key to the known larvae of the family Trogidae of the fauna of the Russian Far East is given.     

The presence of additional abdominal legs in Acerentomon gallicum Ionesco, 1933 (Protura, Acerentomidae)--a teratological case

A teratological specimen of Acerentomon gallicum Ionesco, 1933 having additional rudiments of abdominal appendages on segments IV and V is described. The hypothesis concerning the origin of seta P3 in the sternal chaetotaxy is discussed.     

Argentophilic structures as a diagnostic criterion for the discrimination of species of the genus Gyrodactylus von Nordmann (Monogenea)

The mapping of argentophilic surface sensory structures (chaetotaxy) is a technique which has contributed to the taxonomy of larval digeneans. Four species of Gyrodactylus from four different hosts (Salmo salar, Gasterosteus aculeatus, Poecilia reticulata and Carassius auratus) were investigated using this technique in order to ascertain its usefulness in distinguishing species of this monogenean genus. A formula for the arrangement of the natural aggregations of sensilla similar to those prepared for cercariae is proposed. Although the greatest concentration of sensilla occur adjacent to the anterior extremity of the body, it is the region just posterior to the pharynx which most readily permits the discrimination of Gyrodactylus spp. based on the number and spatial configuration of these sensilla. Maps have been constructed to demonstrate these differences. It is concluded that chaetotaxy shows potential as a simple and reliable method of distinguishing species of this genus.     

Observations on cercarial chaetotaxy as a means for the identification of European species of Trichobilharzia Skrjabin & Zakharow, 1920 (Digenea: Schistosomatidae)

In order to evaluate the importance of cercarial chaetotaxy in the identification of European avian schistosomatids of the genus Trichobilharzia Skrjabin & Zakharow, 1920, papillary patterns of T. franki Müller & Kimmig, 1994 and T. ocellata (La Valette, 1855) Brumpt, 1931 were examined and compared. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was also employed to confirm the number and distribution of the sensory papillae. The chaetotaxy of T. franki and T. ocellata were identical, which suggests a close kinship between the two species. Some sensory papillae stained insufficiently with silver nitrate or were difficult to examine using light microscopy. Thus, the use of SEM in future examinations of Trichobilharzia chaetotaxy will ensure the collection of data that are comparable between studies, even though some argentophilic structures are not visible using SEM.     

Ontogenetic trajectories in Symphypleona (Collembola)

A novel approach is proposed toward quantifying changes in chaetotaxy during the development of Collembola Symphypleona. The ontogenetic trajectories method applied to the tibiotarsal chaetotaxy of Symphypleona provides a representation of their development. Every seta, through the probability of its presence, can be regarded as a character. The statistical technique of correspondence analysis is used, and new techniques for analyzing these kinds of data are discussed. Although this survey is mainly focused on methodology, biological results are also presented. The different rates and extent of chaetotaxic changes during development of the species studied are discussed. An important point demonstrated is the support this method gives to the close relationship of Mackenziella and Sminthurididae. The assumption of monophyly of the group Sminthuridae-Bourletiellidae is also reinforced, and a hypothesis of neochaetotic evolution for the genus Sminthurus is put forward. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc.     

A new Pseudachorutes (Collembola, Neanuridae, Pseudachorutinae) from Nicaragua

A new species of Pseudachorutes is described and illustrated from Nicaragua. Pseudachorutes nicasp. n. is very easy to distinguish from other members of this genus from Central America, because its chaetotaxy consists of macro and microsetae and a postantennal organ with multiple vesicles (close to 20).     

Identification of European Iassus species (Homoptera: Cicadellidae) with one species new to Britain

The form of the female ovipositor and chaetotaxy of the fifth instar nymphs have been found to distinguish the two European Iassus species, lanio (L.) and scutellaris (Fieber). The latter species is recorded in Britain for the first time.