Properties of laccase in Schinus molle

The properties of laccase isolated from Schinus molle, including its MW, amino acid and carbohydrate composition, are described. The enzyme is distinct from Rhus laccase both in K_m and in carbohydrate composition.     

Two triterpenoid carboxylic acids from Acanthopanax trifoliatus

Two new triterpenoid carboxylic acids have been isolated from leaves of Acanthopanax trifoliatus and their structures elucidated as 3α, 11α-dihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid and 30α, 11α,23-trihydroxylup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid by physical data and chemical transformations.     

Triterpenoids from Mangifera indica

From the neutral fraction of the n-hexane extract of stem bark of Mangifera indica, (var./cv Banganpalli) six new tetracyclic triterpenoids, cycloart-24-ene-3β,26-diol, the C-24 epimers of cycloart-25-ene-3β,24,27-triol, the C-24 epimers of cycloartane-3β,24,25-triol and 3-ketodammar-24E-ene-20S,26-diol together with the known compounds cycloartenol, α-amyrin, β-amyrin, sitosterol 3β-hydroxycycloart-25-en-26-al, dammarenediol II, the C-24 epimers of cycloart-25-ene-3β,24-diol, 24-methylenecycloartane-3β,26-diol, ψ-taraxastane-3β,20-diol and ocotillol II have been isolated. The acidic fraction of the same extract, on esterification with diazomethane followed by chromatography, yielded methyl mangiferonate, methyl isomangiferolate, methyl mangiferolate and the diazomethane adduct of methyl mangiferolate. The structures were elucidated by spectroscopic and chemical methods.     

The involvement of amino acids in latex lipid synthesis in Euphorbia lathyris seedlings

The breakdown of triglycerides and proteins in the endosperm of Euphorbia lathyris was assayed in a 14 day germination period. Six days after germination, the average daily production was 2.7 μmol of amino acids. Arginine, glutamine, asparagine and glutamic acid accounted for 53% of the total amino acids. Excised cotyledons with 1 cm hypocotyls were used for amino acid uptake and their involvement in terpenoid synthesis was studied. Glutamine and aspartate were hardly involved in apolar lipid synthesis. Leucine, isoleucine, valine and threonine were mainly incorporated into the triterpenes in the laticifers. Alanine and serine were also involved in phytosterol synthesis in the adjacent tissue. In the 14 day germination period, ca3% of the daily yield of latex triterpenes may be synthesized from a variety of amino acids.     

Triterpenes in husks of Olea europaea

Oleanolic acid was found to be the major triterpene acid of fresh olive husks. After storage of the husks or after incubation under humid conditions maslinic acid was formed with a corresponding reduction in the amount of oleanolic acid.     

A lupenediol from Euonymus revolutus

A new lupane derivative isolated from Euonymus revolutus (Celastraceae) has been established to be 2α,3α-dihydroxy-lup-20(29)-en-28-oic acid on the basis of chemical interconversions and spectroscopic data.     

New triterpenes from the leaves of Olea europaea

The terpene fraction from the leaves of Olea europaea has been shown to contain the known oleanolic and maslinic acids, together with oleanane hydroxy acids which have never been found before in nature.     

Composition of bhilawanol from Semecarpus anacardium

Bhilawanol, isolated from bhilawan nut shell liquid, was shown by chromatography, NMR and IR to comprise 30–32% 1,2-dihydroxy-3-pentadecenylbenzene and 68–70% of the corresponding diene analogue.     

Terpenes in Pistacia plants: A possible defence role for monoterpenes against gall-forming aphids

A re-investigation of Pistacia vera from southern Italy afforded, in addition to known compounds, two new monoterpenes (+)-9,10-cyclopropylterpine-     

Conjugated fatty acids from latex of Euphorbia lathyris

The fatty acids esterified with triterpene and diterpene alcohols from the latex of Euphorbia lathyris were analyzed. 77% of the fatty acids esterified with triterpenes were conjugated, the main components of which were decadienoic and decatrienoic acids. Of the acids esterified with diterpenes, 81% were decatrienoic and dodecatrienoic acids.     

3-Epi-cyclolaudenol and known triterpenes from euphorbia caudicifolia

A new tetracyclic triterpene 3-epi-cyclolaudenol (24-methyl-9,19-cyclolanost-25-en-3α-ol),cyclolaudenol and cycloartenol were isolated from the ethanolic extract of the latex of Euphorbia caudicifolia, cycloartenol 3-ketomethylursolate were obtained from the ethanolic extract of the stem of this plant.     

Caulophyllogenin: A novel triterpenoid from roots of Caulophyllum robustum

A new triterpenoid acid was isolated from Caulophyllum robustum roots. Its structure was proved to be 3β, 16α, 23-tri-hydroxy-olean-12-ene-28-oic acid.     

Two triterpenoid glycosides from leaves of Ilex cornuta

Two new triterpene glycosides, a diglycoside (as the corresponding methyl ester) and a bis-desmoside were isolated from leaves of Ilex cornuta. The     

Acidic amino acids in Reseda luteola

3-(3-Carboxyphenyl)alanine, (3-carboxyphenyl)glycine, 3-(3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)alanine and (3-carboxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)glycine occur in all parts of Reseda luteola. The concentrations of the two diastereoisomers of 2(S)-4-hydroxy-4-methylglutamic acid undergo seasonal variation, the highest concentrations occurring in the first part of the summer. Highest concentrations are found in the inflorescences. The two diastereoisomers of 2(S)-4-hydroxy-2-aminopimelic acid occur in appreciable amounts in all parts of the plant. They are easily transformed into two structurally different lactones, one of which is very unstable. The structures of these amino acids have been confirmed by synthesis. Green parts of R. luteola also contain substantial quantities of γ-glutamylglutamic acid and glutathione.     

Tetracyclic triterpenes of Barbacenia bicolor

The isolation of 3β,20(R)-dihydroxydammer-24-ene and 20(R)-hydroxydammar-24-en-3-one from Barbacenia bicolor Mart. is described.     

Die cucurbitacine in Bryonia alba und Bryonia dioica

The cucurbitacins in roots of Bryonia dioica and B. alba have been investigated. Both species contain the cucurbitacins E, B, I, D, J, K and L, the dihydrocucurbitacins E and B, and tetrahydrocucurbitacin I. The detection of certain cucurbitacin aglycones depends upon the date of harvest, the duration of storage and the methods used for extraction.