Anthropology and Cinema: Visual Representations of Human Rights,Displacement and Resistance in Come Back Africa,by Lionel Rogosin

This article is devoted to reevaluating the anthropological importance of the work of Lionel Rogosin, whose films, like those of Jean Rouch and Robert Flaherty before him, reflect a symbiosis between cinema and visual research. Focused on apartheid, civil rights, and displacement, his filmmaking activity includes such important titles as Come Back Africa [2004 2004 Come Back Africa. A Man Possessed . Johannesburg : STE Publishers . [Google Scholar]], on the apartheid in South Africa during the 1950s, and On the Bowery [], located in inner-city New York in the 1960s. I believe his work should be positioned within anthropology and cinema, and analyzed for use of an approach of the “participant camera.”     

Rejoinder to Drid Williams' Discussion

This discussion is a rejoinder to Drid Williams' discussion of the article “Church Festivals and the Visualization of Identity in Collingwood Bay, Papua New Guinea” [Hermkens 2007 2007 Church Festivals and the Visualization of Identity in Collingwood Bay, Papua New Guinea . Visual Anthropology , 20 ( 5 ): 347 – 364 .[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]].     

Neotropical Osmylidae larvae (Insecta,Neuroptera): description of habitats and morphology

ABSTRACT

The larval stages of the genus Kempynus Navás, 1912 Navás, L. (1912), ‘Insectos neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos’, Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 10, 135–202. [Google Scholar] (probably K. falcatus Navás, 1912 Navás, L. (1912), ‘Insectos neurópteros nuevos o poco conocidos’, Memorias de la Real Academia de Ciencias y Artes de Barcelona, 10, 135–202. [Google Scholar] based on the presence of synchronic and sympatric adults) are described for the Neotropical Region for the first time, and the larval stages of Isostenosmylus pulverulentus (Gerstaecker, 1893 Gerstaecker, C.E.A. (1893), ‘Ueber neue und weniger gekannte Neuropteren aus der familie Megaloptera Burm’, Mitt[h]eilungen aus dem Naturwissenschaftlichen Verein für Neu-Vorpommern und Rugen, 25, 93–173. [Google Scholar]) are redescribed. The external morphology of third-instar larvae of both species and their habitats are described and compared. Kempynus sp. is a water-dependent species and can be considered semi-aquatic, whereas I. pulverulentus larvae are terrestrial and live in undergrowth vegetation. The first key to identification of Neotropical Osmylidae larvae is provided, based on third-instar larvae of both species.     

Evaluation of a fully automated method to measure the critical removal stress of adult barnacles

A computer-controlled force gauge designed to measure the adhesive strength of barnacles on test substrata is described. The instrument was evaluated with adult barnacles grown in situ on Silastic T2®-coated microscope slides and epoxy replicas adhered to the same substratum with synthetic adhesive. The force per unit area required to detach the barnacles (critical removal stress) using the new automated system was comparable to that obtained with ASTM D5618 (1994 ASTM D5618. 1994. Standard test method for measurement of barnacle adhesion strength in shear American Standard for Testing and Materials. Paint-Tests for formulated products and applied coatings 06.01 [Google Scholar]) (0.19 and 0.28 MPa compared with 0.18 and 0.27 MPa for two batches of barnacles). The automated method showed a faster rate of force development compared with the manual spring force gauge used for ASTM D5618 (1994 ASTM D5618. 1994. Standard test method for measurement of barnacle adhesion strength in shear American Standard for Testing and Materials. Paint-Tests for formulated products and applied coatings 06.01 [Google Scholar]). The new instrument was as accurate and precise at determining surface area as manual delineation used with ASTM D5618 (1994 ASTM D5618. 1994. Standard test method for measurement of barnacle adhesion strength in shear American Standard for Testing and Materials. Paint-Tests for formulated products and applied coatings 06.01 [Google Scholar]). The method provided significant advantages such as higher throughput speed, the ability to test smaller barnacles (which took less time to grow) and to control the force application angle and speed. The variability in measurements was lower than previously reported, suggesting an improved ability to compare the results obtained by different researchers.     

Disciplinary Anthropology? Amateur Ethnography and the Production of ‘Heritage’ in Rural France

‘Amateur’ anthropology and ethnography are utopian categories proposed by anthropologists seeking to critique a perceived culture of ‘professionalism’ within the discipline (Grimshaw &; Hart, 1993 Grimshaw, Anna and Hart, Keith. 1993. Anthropology and the Crisis of the Intellectuals, Cambridge: Prickly Pear Pamphlet No.1.  [Google Scholar]). Yet they have arguably been practised extensively by local intellectuals oblivious to such debates. In rural Europe, this has often involved ‘pastoral’ conservation of ‘local history’, ‘traditions’ and ‘folk customs’, in the context of identity politics. Recent manifestations, however, have enabled the disciplining of cultural practices of indigenous populations by local entrepreneurs for use in heritage tourism. Building on Foucault's concept of a ‘disciplinary programme’, this paper analyses projects from a French Mediterranean village that have ‘borrowed’ discursive forms from French ethnology and historiography to convert local heritages into disciplined archives and booklets, predominantly for use in tourism. It then analyses their approximation to the discipline of anthropology; assesses their problematic distinction from anthropology's own disciplinary programmes; and explores the implications.     

14.3 Seconds: Politics,Art and the Archival Imagination

This article addresses John Greyson's 14.3 Seconds [2008 2008 14.3 Seconds. Iraq/Canada; digital video, color, 9 mins. [Google Scholar]], a video about the destruction of Iraqi film archives. This video continues the history of radical form and fabulation that characterizes Greyson's queer film/video ?uvre while also engaging the provocative experimentations with archives and history that animate recent Arab visual culture. The essay argues that 14.3 Seconds and a recent video, Prison Arabic in 50 Days [2013 Greyson, John, and Tarek Loubani 2013 Interview with Jian Ghomeshi. Q. Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. October 15; https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JdMuXk01xeQ (accessed February 28, 2015). [Google Scholar]], use redaction, translation, archives and queer aesthetics to create new possibilities for the visualization of transnational solidarity and activism.     

EFFICIENT SYNTHESIS OF FUSED ISOTHIAZOLO C-NUCLEOSIDES. III. SYNTHESIS OF 7-SUBSTITUTED ISOTHIAZOLO[4,5-d]PYRIMIDINE C-NUCLEOSIDES*

The Divakar-Reese procedure has been successfully applied for transforming 7-oxo-isothiazolo[4,5-d]pyrimidine C-nucleosides (4a,b, 5a,b, 6a) via 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl intermediates (7a,b, 8a,b) into various 7-substituted C-nucle- osides 15a,b, 16a,b, 17a, 18a, 19a,b, 20a,b; their subsequent deprotection provides novel types of unusual C-glycosides 22b, 23a, 24a,b, 25b, 26b.

C-Nucleosides, possessing on its heterocyclic base other than naturally occuring oxo- or amino substituents, are important model compounds for biological or medicinal studies [2a] Hanessian, S. and Pernet, A. G. 1976. Adv. Carbohydr. Chem. Biochem., 32: 111–188. cf. [Google Scholar], [2b] Mizuno, Y. 1986. The Organic Chemistry of Nucleic Acids Amsterdam: Elsevier.  [Google Scholar], [2c] Huryn, D. M. and Okabe, M. 1992. Chem. Rev., 92: 1745–1768. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], [2d] Häbich, D. 1991. Chem. in uns. Zeit, 25: 295–307.  [Google Scholar], [2e] Uhlmann, E. and Peyman, A. 1990. Chem. Rev., 90: 543–584. [Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], [2f] Thuong, N. T. and Helene, C. 1993. Angew. Chem., 105: 697–723. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], [2g] 1993. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl., 33: 666–690.  [Google Scholar], [2h] Yarchoan, R., Mitsuya, H., Zhomas, R. V., Pluda, J. M., Hartman, N. R., Perno, C. F., Marczyk, K. S., Allain, J. P., Johns, D. G. and Broder, S. 1989. Science, 245: 412–414. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar], [2i] Tanaka, H., Baba, M., Hayakawa, H., Sakamaki, T., Miyasaka, T., Ubasawa, M., Takashima, H., Sekiya, E., Nitta, I., Shigeta, S., Walker, R. T., Balzarini, J. and De Clerq, E. 1991. J. Med. Chem., 34: 349–357. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] [3a] Koyama, G., Maeda, K., Umezawa, H. and Iitaka, Y. 1966. Tetrahedron Lett., : 597–602. Some C-glycosides with antibiotic, antiviral (HIV), and anticancer activities [Google Scholar], [3b] Hori, M., Wakashiro, T., Ito, E., Sawa, T., Takeuchi, T. and Umezawa, H. J. 1968. J. Antibiot., 21A: 264–270. [Chem. Abstr. 1968, 69, 11356j] [Google Scholar], [3c] Farkas, J. and ?orm. 1972. F. Collect. Czech. Chem. Commun., 37: 2798–2803.  [Google Scholar], [3d] Acton, E. M., Ryan, K. J., Henry, D. W. and Goodman, L. 1971. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., : 986–988.  [Google Scholar], [3e] Nakagawa, Y., Kano, H., Tsukuda, Y. and Koyama, H. 1967. Tetrahedron Lett., : 4105–4109.  [Google Scholar], [3f] Inoue, I. and Kuwaijama, I. 1980. J. Chem. Soc., Chem. Commun., : 251–253.  [Google Scholar], [3g] Buchanan, J. G., Stobie, A. and Wightman, R. H. 1980. ibid., : 916–917. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], [3h] Hildebrand, S. and Leumann, C. 1996. Angew. Chem., 108: 2100–2102. Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. Engl. 1996, 35, 1968–1970 [Google Scholar]. We want to report on the synthesis of novel 7-substituted isothiazolo = [4,5-d]pyrimidine C-nucleosides. As we could show in previous papers [1] Wamhoff, H., Berressem, R. and Nieger, M. 1994. J. Org. Chem., 59: 1912–1917. Part 2 [Google Scholar], [4] Wamhoff, H., Berressem, R. and Nieger. 1993. M. J. Org. Chem., 58: 5181–5185.  [Google Scholar], there exists a simple approach to the protected C-glycosides 4–6.

     

Review of the genus Catomus Allard, 1876 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) in Iran

Five species of the genus Catomus Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] are known from Iran. Catomus fragilis (Ménétriés, 1848) is recorded from Iran for the first time. Lectotypes of C. persicus Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] (type species of the genus) and C. semiruber Allard, 1876 Allard, E. (1876): Révision des Helopines vrais de Lacordaire. L'Abeille. Journal d'Entomologie, 14, 1–80. [Google Scholar] are designated. These species are also redescribed and figured. A key to the species of Catomus in the Iranian fauna is given.     

An integrative approach underscores the taxonomic status of Lamellidens exolescens,a freshwater mussel from the Oriental tropics (Bivalvia: Unionidae)

The Oriental Region harbours the second richest fauna of freshwater bivalves in the world, including many endangered endemic taxa. However, the Oriental fauna of the Unionidae have been very poorly studied using an integrative taxonomic approach, which may provide reasonable revisions of complicated (cryptic) taxa based on morphological, molecular, biogeographic and ecological evidence. Here, we present the first example of an integrative taxonomic revision concerning the status of Unio exolescens Gould (1843 Gould, A.A. (1843). Dr. Gould had examined the shells not long since announced as having been received from the Rev. Francis Mason, missionary at Tavoy, in British Burmah. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 139–141. [Google Scholar]), a nominal mussel taxon that was accepted as a valid species within the genus Trapezoideus Simpson (1900). Currently, Trapezoideus exolescens is considered the type of the genus as far as the originally designated type species, U. foliaceus Gould (1843 Gould, A.A. (1843). Dr. Gould had examined the shells not long since announced as having been received from the Rev. Francis Mason, missionary at Tavoy, in British Burmah. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 139–141. [Google Scholar]), was considered to be a synonym of T. exolescens. Using nucleotide sequences obtained from mitochondrial (COI and 16S rRNA) and nuclear (28S rDNA) genes, we found that the topotypes of Unio exolescens Gould (1843 Gould, A.A. (1843). Dr. Gould had examined the shells not long since announced as having been received from the Rev. Francis Mason, missionary at Tavoy, in British Burmah. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 139–141. [Google Scholar]) cluster together with representatives of another mussel genus, Lamellidens Simpson (1900). Based on these results and on morphological data, we transfer Unio exolescens Gould (1843 Gould, A.A. (1843). Dr. Gould had examined the shells not long since announced as having been received from the Rev. Francis Mason, missionary at Tavoy, in British Burmah. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 139–141. [Google Scholar]) from Trapezoideus to Lamellidens and propose Lamellidens exolescens (Gould, 1843 Gould, A.A. (1843). Dr. Gould had examined the shells not long since announced as having been received from the Rev. Francis Mason, missionary at Tavoy, in British Burmah. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 139–141. [Google Scholar]) comb. nov. In addition, we revisited the status of Unio foliaceus Gould (1843 Gould, A.A. (1843). Dr. Gould had examined the shells not long since announced as having been received from the Rev. Francis Mason, missionary at Tavoy, in British Burmah. Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 1, 139–141. [Google Scholar]) as a valid species and the type of the genus Trapezoideus based on the morphological study of the type specimen, although a question concerning the true position of this taxon is still open because its molecular sequences are not available. Our findings highlight that an integrative taxonomic approach is an important tool, particularly when dealing with such species-rich Unionidae fauna as those of the Oriental Realm.     

Anatomy,relationships and distribution of Taiwanassiminea affinis (Böttger) (Caenogastropoda: Assimineidae), with a reassessment of Cyclotropis Tapparone-Canefri

Assiminea affinis (Mousson ms) Böttger, 1887 Böttger, O. (1887) Aufzählung der zur Gattung Assiminea Fleming gehörigen Arten. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 14, 147–234, pl. 6. [Google Scholar](=A. queenslandica [Pilsbry ms] Thiele, 1927 Thiele, J. (1927) Über die Schneckenfamilie Assimineidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 53, 114–146, pl. 1. [Google Scholar]), a previously unrecognised Australian assimineid species, is described anatomically and allocated to the genus Taiwanassiminea Kuroda and Habe, 1950 Kuroda, T. & Habe, T. (1950) Nomenclatural notes. Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese Shells 1, 16. [Google Scholar], first described from Taiwan. This is the first record of the genus from Australia. Taiwanassiminea affinis is found in slightly brackish waters in the upper tidal reaches of the larger rivers from northern Queensland to the Shoalhaven River in the southern half of New South Wales. The terrestrial Cyclotropis Tapparone-Canefri, 1883, which has somewhat similar shell and radular characters, is redefined and several species (Assiminea bedaliensis Rensch, 1934; Paludinella javana Thiele, 1927 Thiele, J. (1927) Über die Schneckenfamilie Assimineidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 53, 114–146, pl. 1. [Google Scholar]; Assiminea lentula, A. riparia and A. sororcula, all Benthem Jutting, 1963 Benthem Jutting, W.S.S. van. (1963) Non-marine Mollusca of west New Guinea Part 1, Mollusca from fresh and brackish waters. Nova Guinea, Zoology 20, 409–521. [Google Scholar]) previously included in Cyclotropis are transferred to Taiwanassiminea.     

Intervention or Inversion: Australian Indigenous Justice and the Politics of Cultural Incompatibility

Australian Indigenous affairs are underscored by a central tension between the rights of Indigenous peoples to self-determination, and assimilation policy premised on cultural homogeneity. This tension is most evident between the Northern Territory Government-commissioned Anderson and Wild (2007 Anderson, P. and Wild, R. Ampe akelyernemane meke mekarle: Little children are sacred. Report to the Northern Territory board of inquiry into the protection of Aboriginal children from sexual abuse. Darwin: Northern Territory Government.  [Google Scholar]) report, entitled Ampe akelyernemane meke mekarle: Little children are sacred, which recommends the continuation of community-led programs in response to childhood sexual abuse in Indigenous communities, and the Commonwealth's Northern Territory National Emergency Response Act 2007 (NTNER), commonly known as ‘the intervention’, which Altman and Hinkson (2007 Altman, J. and Hinkson, M. 2007. Coercive reconciliation: Stabilise, normalise, exit Aboriginal Australia, Melbourne: Arena Publications.  [Google Scholar]) claim represents a ‘coercive’ attempt to dismantle Indigenous rights to manage their affairs. In her critique of cultural incompatibility (culturalism), McConaghy (2000 McConaghy, C. 2000. Rethinking Indigenous education: Culturalism, colonialism and the politics of knowing, Flaxton: Post Pressed.  [Google Scholar]) observes that radicalism, or cultural difference policy in oppositional histories of power and control, seeks to invert colonial power relations. Instead, argues McConaghy, radicalism (much like assimilation) reinstitutes colonial relations of dominance. I draw on culturalism to explore the tension between Indigenous self-determination (a form of inversion), represented within the Little children are sacred report, and intervention, as a model not for coercive assimilation but for cultural integration (Sutton 2001a Sutton, P. 2001a. The politics of suffering: Indigenous policy in Australia since the 1970s. Anthropological Forum, 11: 125–173. [Taylor & Francis Online] [Google Scholar]; Pearson 2007 Pearson, N. 2007. The urgent quest for a radical political centre. The Age, 1 September Insight 11 [Google Scholar]). I propose that cultural inversion, as a justificatory model for addressing dysfunction within Indigenous communities, displaces the needs and rights of individuals for mainstream intervention.     

The genera Stegastopsis Kraatz, 1865 and Orostegastopsis Koch, 1962 with description of O. planioculata sp. n. from Oman (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae: Tentyriini)

The first Asian member of Orostegastopsis Koch, 1962 Koch, C. (1962): Vierter taxonomischer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tenebrioniden Somalias: Über die von Prof. G. Scortecci 1953 und 1957 in der Migiurtinia-Provinz gesammelten Arten. 1. Teil. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 51, 237–270. [Google Scholar] is described and figured: O. planioculata sp. n., which can be easily distinguished from the two Somalian species O. scorteccii Koch, 1962 Koch, C. (1962): Vierter taxonomischer Beitrag zur Kenntnis der Tenebrioniden Somalias: Über die von Prof. G. Scortecci 1953 und 1957 in der Migiurtinia-Provinz gesammelten Arten. 1. Teil. Atti della Società Italiana di Scienze Naturali, 51, 237–270. [Google Scholar] and O. kaszabi (Bremer, 1985 Bremer, H. J. (1985): Eine neue Stegastopsis-Art (Coleopt., Tenebrionidae, Tentyriini) aus Somalia. Entomologische Blätter, 81, 59–61. [Google Scholar]) comb. nov. by the shallow eyes. According to the shape of the clypeus, Stegastopsis kaszabi Bremer, 1985 Bremer, H. J. (1985): Eine neue Stegastopsis-Art (Coleopt., Tenebrionidae, Tentyriini) aus Somalia. Entomologische Blätter, 81, 59–61. [Google Scholar] is transferred from the genus Stegastopsis Kraatz to the genus Orostegastopsis Koch as was already indicated by Bremer (1985 Bremer, H. J. (1985): Eine neue Stegastopsis-Art (Coleopt., Tenebrionidae, Tentyriini) aus Somalia. Entomologische Blätter, 81, 59–61. [Google Scholar]) who treated Orostegastopsis as a subgenus of Stegastopsis: Orostegastopsis kaszabi (Bremer, 1985 Bremer, H. J. (1985): Eine neue Stegastopsis-Art (Coleopt., Tenebrionidae, Tentyriini) aus Somalia. Entomologische Blätter, 81, 59–61. [Google Scholar]) comb. nov. Keys to the species of Stegastopsis and Orostegastopsis are given.     

Redescription of Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969 (Collembola: Tomoceridae) from Georgian caves

The collembolan species Plutomurus kelasuricus Martynova, 1969 Martynova, E. (1969): Springtails of the family Tomoceridae (Collembola) from the fauna of the USSR [in Russian]. Entomological Review, 43, 299–314. [Google Scholar] is redescribed and illustrated based on material sampled in Georgian caves. Differences from the morphologically similar P. abchasicus Martynova, 1969 Martynova, E. (1969): Springtails of the family Tomoceridae (Collembola) from the fauna of the USSR [in Russian]. Entomological Review, 43, 299–314. [Google Scholar] are discussed. A key to species of the genus Plutomurus found in the Caucasus is provided.     

Description of a new Aelurillus species from Khorasan province of Iran,with comments on A. concolor Kulczyński, 1901 (Araneae: Salticidae)

A new species Aelurillus khorasanicus sp.n. (♂♀) is described from north-east Iran. Aelurillus muganicus Dunin, 1984 Dunin, P. M. (1984): Fauna and ecology of spiders (Aranei) of Apsheron Peninsula [in Russian]. pp. 45–60. In: Utochkin, A. S. et al. (eds.), Fauna i ekologiya paukoobraznykh. Perm: PGU Press. [Google Scholar] is synonymised with A. concolor Kulczyński, 1901 Kulczyński, W. (1901): Arachnoidea. pp. 311–369. In: Horvath, G. (ed.), Zoologische Ergebnisse der dritten asiatischen Forschungsreise des Grafen Eugen Zichy. Volume 2. Budapest. [Google Scholar]. A distribution map of the two species is provided.     

Shooting Melanesians: Martin Johnson and Edward Salisbury in the Southwest Pacific

By the turn of the 20th century American photographers were venturing into the western Pacific. Two of the first cinematic teams to film in Melanesia were the Kansan explorers Martin and Osa Johnson and the yachtsman Edward A. Salisbury, who was joined by Merian Cooper (of later King Kong fame). Both drew on representational practice honed partly along the American Western Frontier. Both pairs took still and motion pictures in the New Hebrides and Solomon Islands which they used to illustrate magazine articles, travelogue books and silent films, including the Johnsons’ Cannibals of the South Seas [1918 Johnson, Martin 1918 Cannibals of the South Seas. New York: Martin Johnson Film Co; silent, b &; w; sections available at the Martin and Osa Johnson Safari Museum archives. [Google Scholar]] and Head Hunters of the South Seas [1922 1922 Cannibal-Land: Adventures with a Camera in the New Hebrides. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. [Google Scholar]], and Salisbury and Cooper's Gow the Head Hunter [1928 1928 Gow the Head Hunter. Hollywood: Salisbury Productions; silent, b &; w, 61 mins.; available from Flicker Alley. [Google Scholar]]. Differences in their print and motion imagery of islanders reflect the newer movie aesthetic, stimulating new ways to shoot Melanesians as spectators, as actors and as occasional filmmakers themselves.     

A Life-History Model of Human Fitness Indicators

Recent adaptationist accounts of human mental and physical health have reinvigorated the debate over the evolution of human intelligence. In the tradition of strong inference the current study was developed to determine whether either Miller's (1998 Miller, G. F. 1998. “How mate choice shaped human nature: A review of sexual selection and human evolution”. In Handbook of evolutionary psychology: Ideas, issues, and applications, Edited by: Crawford, C. and Krebs, D. 87–129. Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum.  [Google Scholar], 2000a Miller, G. F. 2000a. Mental traits as fitness indicators: Expanding evolutionary psychology's adaptationism. Evolutionary approaches to human reproductive behavior. Ann N Y Acad Sci, 907: 62–74. [Crossref], [PubMed], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Fitness Indicator Theory or Rushton's (1985 Rushton, J. P. 1985. Differential K theory: The sociobiology of individual and group differences. Pers Indiv Diff, 6(4): 441–452. [Crossref] , [Google Scholar], 2000 Rushton, J. P. 2000. Race, evolution, and behavior: A life-history perspective, 3rd, Port Huron, MI: Charles Darwin Research Institute.  [Google Scholar]) Differential-K Theory better accounts for general intelligence (“g”) in an undergraduate university population (N = 192). Owing to the lengthy administration time of the test materials, a newly developed 18-item short form of the Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices (APM-18; Sefcek, Miller, and Figueredo 2007 Sefcek, J. A., Miller, G. F. and Figueredo, A. J. 2007. “Development and of an 18-item short form of the Ravens Advanced Progressive Matrices (RAPM-18). (Submitted)”.  [Google Scholar]) was used. A significant, positive relationship between K and F (r = .31, p < .001) emerged. Contrary to predictions, no significant relationships were found between “g” and either K or F (r = –.09, p ≥ .05 and r = .11, p ≥ .05, respectively). Though generally contrary to both hypotheses, these results may be explained in relation to antagonistic pleiotropy and a potential failure to derive correct predictions for within-species comparisons directly from the results of between-species comparisons.     

ARTD1 regulates cyclin E expression and consequently cell-cycle re-entry and G1/S progression in T24 bladder carcinoma cells

ADP-ribosylation is involved in a variety of biological processes, many of which are chromatin-dependent and linked to important functions during the cell cycle. However, any study on ADP-ribosylation and the cell cycle faces the problem that synchronization with chemical agents or by serum starvation and subsequent growth factor addition already activates ADP-ribosylation by itself. Here, we investigated the functional contribution of ARTD1 in cell cycle re-entry and G₁/S cell cycle progression using T24 urinary bladder carcinoma cells, which synchronously re-enter the cell cycle after splitting without any additional stimuli. In synchronized cells, ARTD1 knockdown, but not inhibition of its enzymatic activity, caused specific down-regulation of cyclin E during cell cycle re-entry and G₁/S progression through alterations of the chromatin composition and histone acetylation, but not of other E2F-1 target genes. Although Cdk2 formed a functional complex with the residual cyclin E, p27^{Kip1 Murray AH, Hunt T. The cell cycle: an introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. [Google Scholar]} protein levels increased in G₁ upon ARTD1 knockdown most likely due to inappropriate cyclin E-Cdk2-induced phosphorylation-dependent degradation, leading to decelerated G₁/S progression. These results provide evidence that ARTD1 regulates cell cycle re-entry and G₁/S progression via cyclin E expression and p27^{Kip1 Murray AH, Hunt T. The cell cycle: an introduction. New York: Oxford University Press, 1993. [Google Scholar]} stability independently of its enzymatic activity, uncovering a novel cell cycle regulatory mechanism.     

Visual Anthropology and Language

This essay addresses three questions: (1) What happens to information that cannot be recorded on film or videotape? (2) Is the “visual image” conceived to be an autonomous, universalized object of study, as if it exists prior to and independent of conventional human languages? (3) Who are the much-talked-about viewers of ethnographic films, and what is their relationship to visual anthropologists' investigations? The essay's focus is on Grimshaw's statement about visual anthropologists who “seek legitimation by turning away from the mainstream textual tradition” [Grimshaw 2001 Grimshaw , Anna 2001 The Ethnographer's Eye: Ways of Seeing in Modern Anthropology . Cambridge : Cambridge University Press .[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]: 172]. I have attempted to submit evidence that such a move weakens visual anthropologists' capacity to provide “mainstream anthropology” with a vital, growing and legitimate contribution.