Chironomidae (Insecta: Diptera) from four protected areas in the state of Pernambuco,Brazil

New records and distributional notes of Chironomidae (Insecta, Diptera) are provided for four protected areas in the state of Pernambuco, northeastern Brazil. Additionally, we also present new records and update of distributional ranges from Brazil and the Neotropical Region. In total, 810 specimens belonging to 35 genera within the subfamilies Chironominae (22 taxa), Tanypodinae (11 taxa) and Orthocladiinae (2 taxa) were found. The subfamilies Chironominae and Tanypodinae predominated. Axarus Roback, 1980 Roback, S.S. (1980), ‘New name for Anceus Roback nec Anceus Risso’, Entomological News, 91, 32.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar] and the Tanytarsus ortoni-group were recorded for the first time in the state of Pernambuco, while Nanocladius Kieffer, 1913a Kieffer, J.J. (1913b), ‘Nouvelle étude sur les Chironomides de l'Indian Museum de Calcutta’, Records of the Indian Museum, 9, 119–197. [Google Scholar] was recorded for the first time in the Northeast Region of Brazil. Our results make evident how much and where current knowledge of the northeastern Brazil chironomids remains fragmentary.     

Glacidorbidae (Gastropoda: Heterobranchia) in South America: revision and description of a new genus and three new species from Patagonia

The Glacidorbidae, a family restricted to the Gondwanan realm (Tasmania, southeastern and southwestern Australia, and southern Argentina and Chile), previously included five genera with 20 identified species; 19 of them are Australian, with one genus and species, Gondwanorbis magallanicus (Meier-Brook & Smith, 1976 Meier-Brook, K. & Smith, B.J. (1976) Glacidorbis Iredale, 1943, a genus of freshwater prosobranchs with a Tasmanian-Southeast Australian-South Andean distribution. Archive für Molluskenkunde 106, 191–198. [Google Scholar]), from South America. Here we describe two new species of Gondwanorbis: Gondwanorbis fueguensis n. sp. from the freshwater gastropods province of Southern Patagonia (Argentina) and Gondwanorbis tricarinatus n. sp. from Chile, and a new genus and species from the freshwater gastropods province of northern Patagonia (Argentina), Patagonorbis nahuelhuapensis n. sp and n. gen.

http://www./zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:62EA0972-3AEF-4188-8E6D-F10895CE2BEF     

Shooting Melanesians: Martin Johnson and Edward Salisbury in the Southwest Pacific

By the turn of the 20th century American photographers were venturing into the western Pacific. Two of the first cinematic teams to film in Melanesia were the Kansan explorers Martin and Osa Johnson and the yachtsman Edward A. Salisbury, who was joined by Merian Cooper (of later King Kong fame). Both drew on representational practice honed partly along the American Western Frontier. Both pairs took still and motion pictures in the New Hebrides and Solomon Islands which they used to illustrate magazine articles, travelogue books and silent films, including the Johnsons’ Cannibals of the South Seas [1918 Johnson, Martin 1918 Cannibals of the South Seas. New York: Martin Johnson Film Co; silent, b &; w; sections available at the Martin and Osa Johnson Safari Museum archives. [Google Scholar]] and Head Hunters of the South Seas [1922 1922 Cannibal-Land: Adventures with a Camera in the New Hebrides. Boston and New York: Houghton Mifflin Company. [Google Scholar]], and Salisbury and Cooper's Gow the Head Hunter [1928 1928 Gow the Head Hunter. Hollywood: Salisbury Productions; silent, b &; w, 61 mins.; available from Flicker Alley. [Google Scholar]]. Differences in their print and motion imagery of islanders reflect the newer movie aesthetic, stimulating new ways to shoot Melanesians as spectators, as actors and as occasional filmmakers themselves.     

A taxonomical study of the genus Esakia Lundblad, 1933 (Heteroptera: Gerromorpha: Gerridae), with descriptions of two new species from Borneo

Abstract

Two new species of the genus Esakia Lundblad, 1933 Lundblad, O.M . (1933), ‘Zur Kenntnis der aquatilen und semi-aquatilen Hemipteren von Sumatra, Java und Bali’, Archiv für Hydrobiologie Supplementum , 12, 1–195, 263–489. [Google Scholar] are described, both from Borneo: Esakia borneensis sp. n. and E. mazzoldii sp. n. For the first time, E. johorensis Cheng, 1966 Cheng, L . (1966), ‘Three New Species of Esakia Lundblad (Heteroptera: Gerridae) from Malaya’, The Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 35(1–2), 16–22. [Google Scholar] is reported from Sumatra; E. hungerfordi Miyamoto, 1967 Miyamoto, S . (1967), ‘Gerridae of Thailand and North Borneo Taken by the Joint Thai-Japanese Biological Expedition 1961–62’, Nature Life Southeast Asia , 5, 217–257. [Google Scholar] from Sarawak and Sabah; and E. lundbladi Cheng, 1966 Cheng, L . (1966), ‘Three New Species of Esakia Lundblad (Heteroptera: Gerridae) from Malaya’, The Proceedings of the Royal Entomological Society of London , 35(1–2), 16–22. [Google Scholar] from Thailand (Narathiwat Province). The taxonomy of E. kuiterti Hungerford and Matsuda, 1958 Hungerford, H.B. , and Matsuda, R . (1958), ‘The Genus Esakia Lundblad with Two New Species (Heteroptera, Gerridae)’, Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 31(3), 193–197. [Google Scholar] and E. hungerfordi is discussed. Esakia hungerfordi, previously considered by Polhemus (1992 Polhemus, J.T . (1992), ‘Nomenclatural Notes on Aquatic and Semiaquatic Heteroptera’ [Short communications], Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 64(4), 438–443.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) as a synonym of E. fernandoi, is treated here as a separate species from the latter. Easkia kuiterti, which was also synonymised with E. ventidioides Lundlblad, 1933 by Polhemus (1992 Polhemus, J.T . (1992), ‘Nomenclatural Notes on Aquatic and Semiaquatic Heteroptera’ [Short communications], Journal of the Kansas Entomological Society , 64(4), 438–443.[Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]), is considered valid species. http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:F6E94274-2305-4096-9186-2D799124E2FA     

A revision of fossil eagle owls (Aves: Strigiformes: Bubo) from Europe and the description of a new species,Bubo ibericus,from Cal Guardiola (NE Iberian Peninsula)

The European fossil record of eagle owls, genus Bubo Duméril 1806 Duméril AMC. 1806. Zoologie Analytique, ou Méthode Naturelle de Classification des Animaux, rendue plus Facile à l’Aide de Tableaux Synoptiques. Paris: H. L. Perronneau. [Google Scholar], is thought to extend back into the Miocene, but records of Bubo before the Middle Pleistocene are scarce and mainly constituted by non-diagnostic or fragmentary specimens. Apart from a number of fossil species of Bubo of uncertain validity, i.e. Bubo? florianae Kretzoi 1957 Kretzoi M. 1957. Bird remains from the Hipparion-fauna of Csákvár. Aquila. 63:239–248. [Google Scholar], Bubo lignitum Giebel 1860 Giebel CG. 1860. Zur Fauna der Braunkohlen Formation von Rippersroda in Thüringen. Zeitschrift für die Gesammten Naturwissenschaften. 16:147–153. [Google Scholar], and Bubo perpastus (Ballman 1976 Ballmann P. 1976. Fossile Vögel aus dem Neogen der Halbinsel Gargano (Italien). Zweiter Teil Scripta Geol. 38:1–59. [Google Scholar]), most fossil Bubo material is unassigned to species or assigned to the extant Bubo bubo (Linnaeus 1758) on the basis of size, especially for Early Pleistocene records. Given the ambiguity about the validity of the earliest records, here we revise the pre-Middle Pleistocene fossil record of Bubo in Europe. Our results indicate that, in Europe, Bubo is first recorded in the Late Pliocene/Early Pleistocene of Italy. By the Early Pleistocene, three taxa can be distinguished: Bubo ibericus sp. nov. from Cal Guardiola (Spain), Bubo sp. nov. indet. from Soave Cava Sud (Italy) and Bubo sp. from various sites across Europe. By the Middle Pleistocene, Eurasian environments experienced a substantial increase in severity and duration of glacial periods which might have led to the replacement of extinct species of Bubo by the recent B. bubo and Bubo scandiacus.     

Two new harvestmen species (Arachnida: Opiliones) from the Caucasus

Two new harvestmen species of the family Phalangiidae, Rilaena caucasica sp. n. and Rilaena silhavyi sp. n. are diagnosed, illustrated, and described from the Caucasus region. Comparative illustration of the related Rilaena anatolica (Roewer, 1956), R. atrolutea (Roewer, 1915) and R. kelbajarica Snegovaya &; Pkhakadze, 2014 Snegovaya, N. Y., &; Pkhakadze, V. D. (2014): New species of the genus Rilaena (Opiliones, Phalangiidae) from the mount Gyamish, Azerbaijan. Vestnik zoologii, 48, 313–318. doi: 10.2478/vzoo-2014-0037[Crossref] , [Google Scholar] are given.

http://www.zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:7B29FD94-45A2-4E32-A41E-3276E016410B     

Anatomy,relationships and distribution of Taiwanassiminea affinis (Böttger) (Caenogastropoda: Assimineidae), with a reassessment of Cyclotropis Tapparone-Canefri

Assiminea affinis (Mousson ms) Böttger, 1887 Böttger, O. (1887) Aufzählung der zur Gattung Assiminea Fleming gehörigen Arten. Jahrbücher der Deutschen Malakozoologischen Gesellschaft 14, 147–234, pl. 6. [Google Scholar](=A. queenslandica [Pilsbry ms] Thiele, 1927 Thiele, J. (1927) Über die Schneckenfamilie Assimineidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 53, 114–146, pl. 1. [Google Scholar]), a previously unrecognised Australian assimineid species, is described anatomically and allocated to the genus Taiwanassiminea Kuroda and Habe, 1950 Kuroda, T. & Habe, T. (1950) Nomenclatural notes. Illustrated Catalogue of Japanese Shells 1, 16. [Google Scholar], first described from Taiwan. This is the first record of the genus from Australia. Taiwanassiminea affinis is found in slightly brackish waters in the upper tidal reaches of the larger rivers from northern Queensland to the Shoalhaven River in the southern half of New South Wales. The terrestrial Cyclotropis Tapparone-Canefri, 1883, which has somewhat similar shell and radular characters, is redefined and several species (Assiminea bedaliensis Rensch, 1934; Paludinella javana Thiele, 1927 Thiele, J. (1927) Über die Schneckenfamilie Assimineidae. Zoologische Jahrbücher, Abteilung für Systematik, Ökologie und Geographie der Tiere 53, 114–146, pl. 1. [Google Scholar]; Assiminea lentula, A. riparia and A. sororcula, all Benthem Jutting, 1963 Benthem Jutting, W.S.S. van. (1963) Non-marine Mollusca of west New Guinea Part 1, Mollusca from fresh and brackish waters. Nova Guinea, Zoology 20, 409–521. [Google Scholar]) previously included in Cyclotropis are transferred to Taiwanassiminea.     

The altitudinal limit of Leptohyphes Eaton, 1882 and Lachlania Hagen, 1868 (Ephemeroptera: Leptohyphidae,Oligoneuriidae) in Ecuadorian Andes streams: searching for mechanisms

We explored mechanisms determining the upper altitudinal limit of ephemeropterans from two different genera: Leptohyphes Eaton, 1882 Eaton, A.E. (1882), ?An Announcement of New Genera of the Ephemeridae?, The Entomologist's Monthly Magazine, 18, 207–208. [Google Scholar] (Leptohyphidae) and Lachlania Hagen, 1868 Hagen, H.A. (1868), ?On Lachlania Abnormis: A New Genus and Species from Cuba Belonging to the Ephemerina?, Proceedings of the Boston Society of Natural History, 11, 372–375. [Google Scholar] (Oligoneuriidae). For this, we (1) surveyed the two taxa in 165 stream sites along a wide altitudinal gradient; (2) sampled benthic fauna at short altitudinal intervals along a stream, from 2780 to 3150 m above sea level; (3) collected adults at the lowest and highest sites; and (4) transplanted nymphs from the lowest to the highest study site in our stream to determine survival over time. Densities of the two taxa declined gradually with altitude and both disappeared between 2950 and 3080 m a.s.l. The upper altitudinal limit in the stream seemed to be most closely related to mean oxygen saturation, temperature, and current velocity. Adults were collected where the nymphs were found, but not at the upstream site where the nymphs were absent, implying limited upstream dispersal of adults and some of the altitudinal constraint lying at the adult stage. Short-term survival of transplanted nymphs was lower than that of controls, suggesting that the distribution was limited at the juvenile stage, and that at least some of the altitudinal constraint is related to the abiotic stream environment.     

The expression of aggression in the dobsonflies Corydalus magnus Contreras-Ramos, 1998 and Platyneuromus soror (Hagen, 1861) (Megaloptera: Corydalidae)

The expression of aggression in Megaloptera has received little attention, specifically for the adults of the subfamily Corydalinae. Among the New World species of Corydalinae, it is not known if aggression is triggered and expressed in the same way. Since two genera, Corydalus Latreille, 1802 Latreille, P.A. (1802), Histoire naturelle, générale et particulière des Crustacés et des Insectes. Ouvrage faisant suite aux ouvres de Leclerc Buffon et partie du cours complete d’Histoire naturelle rédigé par C.S. Sonnini, membre de plusieurs sociétés savantes. Vol. 3, Paris: F. Dufart. [Google Scholar] and Platyneuromus Weele, 1909 Weele, H.W. van der. (1909), ‘New Genera and Species of Megaloptera Latr.’, Notes from the Leyden Museum, 30, 249–253. [Google Scholar] have different courtship strategies, the effect of the social environment in the expression of aggression in two species of those genera, Corydalus magnus Contreras-Ramos, 1998 Contreras-Ramos, A. (1998), Systematics of the Dobsonfly genus Corydalus Latreille (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), Lanham, MD: Thomas Say Monographs, Entomological Society of America. [Google Scholar] and Platyneuromus soror (Hagen, 1861 Hagen, H.A. (1861), Synopsis of the Neuroptera of North America, with a List of the South American Species. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution.[Crossref] , [Google Scholar]), is examined here and compared with the known data in Corydalus bidenticulatus Contreras-Ramos, 1998 Contreras-Ramos, A. (1998), Systematics of the Dobsonfly genus Corydalus Latreille (Megaloptera: Corydalidae), Lanham, MD: Thomas Say Monographs, Entomological Society of America. [Google Scholar]. Our results suggest that the triggering of aggressive behaviours in the three species is similar. The decision of whether or not to fight is affected by their social environment: a male is aggressive against other males only when a female is present. Furthermore, the intensity of aggression does not differ among the three species. The behavioural observations support the idea that the mandibles of Corydalus males are used as weapons in male-male competition and during the courtship, but the post-ocular flanges of P. soror males are not involved in male-male competition (they use their short mandibles to bite). Conversely, data show that such a feature might act as a signal trait for female choice.     

The Fish Trail Undichna quadrisulcata isp. nov. from the Eocene of Spitsbergen

Abstract

Undichna quadrisulcata isp. nov. is described from the Eocene of Spitsbergen, where it occurs together with xiphosuran (horseshoe crabs) traces in upper shoreface to foreshore deltaic sandstone. This is the first record of a marine (deltaic) Undichna from the Eocene. The trail consists of two or three pairs of paralleling sinusoidal grooves (in epirelief) or ridges (in hyporelief). Previous records of this trace fossil from the Carboniferous and Permian were assigned to U. insolentia Anderson, 1976 Anderson, A. M. 1976. Fish trails from the early Permian of South Africa. Palaeontology 19(2): 397–409. [Google Scholar], which, however, comprises a more complex pattern. The repeated occurrence of U. quadrisulcata isp. nov. in the Carboniferous, Permian, Triassic and Eocene, independent from U. insolentia, justifies its own ichnospecies name and suggests a different kind of producer. U. quadrisulcata isp. nov. is interpreted as a fish trail, probably produced by a representative of Amiiformes (actinopterygian, ray-finned fish) or coelacanth fish.     

Gobies are deeply divided: phylogenetic evidence from nuclear DNA (Teleostei: Gobioidei: Gobiidae)

Gobies (Gobiidae sensu Gill & Mooi, 2012 Gill, A. and Mooi, R. 2012. Thalasseleotrididae, new family of marine gobioid fishes from New Zealand and temperate Australia, with a revised definition of its sister taxon, the Gobiidae (Teleostei: Acanthomorpha). Zootaxa, 3266: 41–52.  [Google Scholar]) are one of the most diverse families of vertebrates, and comprise over 1700 species of marine, brackish and freshwater fishes. Phylogenetic studies based on morphological characters and mtDNA have suggested that goby diversity is asymmetrically split between a speciose clade of predominantly marine species, and a less rich, but ecologically diverse, clade comprising predominantly freshwater and brackish species. This study is the first to explore this deep divide in gobies and their relationships at the family level using phylogenetic data from nuclear genes (RAG1, rhodopsin). Our results confirm the split within the Gobiidae, and agree with prior molecular studies on the inclusion of the following taxa within the two goby clades: (i) the more diverse of the two clades of gobies (the ‘Gobiidae’ sensu stricto of Thacker 2009 Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia, 1: 93–104. doi:10.1643/CI-08-004[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) comprises the gobiines, microdesmines, ptereleotrines and kraemeriines; (ii) the less diverse of the two gobiid clades (‘Gobionellidae’ sensu Thacker 2009 Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia, 1: 93–104. doi:10.1643/CI-08-004[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) includes the gobionellines, oxudercines, amblyopines, sicydiines, as well as the European sand gobies. Some relationships within the two major gobiid clades remain unclear. Specifically, there remains confusion regarding the monophyly and interrelationships between the northern Pacific gobionellines, the Mugilogobius group gobionellines, and the European sand gobies. Additionally, within Thacker's (2009 Thacker, C. E. 2009. Phylogeny of Gobioidei and placement within Acanthomorpha, with a new classification and investigation of diversification and character evolution. Copeia, 1: 93–104. doi:10.1643/CI-08-004[Crossref], [Web of Science ®] , [Google Scholar]) Gobiidae sensu stricto, there are several well-supported groups (e.g. the wormfishes and dartfishes, the Coral Gobies, the Gobiosomatini), yet relationships among these groups are still poorly resolved despite the use of data from two conserved nuclear genes. Future phylogenetic analyses of gobies will benefit greatly from taxon sampling that includes groups that have been historically under-represented in molecular studies (e.g. European sand gobies, northern Pacific gobionellines, African species), as well as deeper genetic sampling including large numbers of independent loci from throughout the genome (i.e. a phylogenomic approach).     

Rejoinder to Drid Williams' Discussion

This discussion is a rejoinder to Drid Williams' discussion of the article “Church Festivals and the Visualization of Identity in Collingwood Bay, Papua New Guinea” [Hermkens 2007 2007 Church Festivals and the Visualization of Identity in Collingwood Bay, Papua New Guinea . Visual Anthropology , 20 ( 5 ): 347 – 364 .[Taylor & Francis Online] , [Google Scholar]].     

Nucleoside dimers analogs containing floxuridine and thymidine with unnatural linker groups: synthesis and cancer line studies. Part III

Abstract

Two series of novel fluorinated nucleosides dimers with an unnatural 1,2,3-triazole linkage were synthesized. The obtained molecules were prepared using “click” chemistry approach based on copper(I) catalyzed Huisgen azide–alkyne cycloaddition. It was performed between 3′- and 5′-azido-nucleosides as the azide components, and the 3′-O- and 5′-O-propargyl-nucleosides as the alkyne components. Based on analysis of the ³ Brunton, L. L.; Lazo, J. S.; Parker, K. L. (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th ed.; McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division: New York, NY, 2006. [Google Scholar]J_HH, ³ Brunton, L. L.; Lazo, J. S.; Parker, K. L. (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th ed.; McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division: New York, NY, 2006. [Google Scholar]J_H1′C2 and ³ Brunton, L. L.; Lazo, J. S.; Parker, K. L. (Eds.), Goodman & Gilman’s the Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics, 11th ed.; McGraw-Hill, Medical Publishing Division: New York, NY, 2006. [Google Scholar]J_H1′C6 we estimated conformational preferences of sugar part and orientation around glycosidic bond. All described nucleosides dimers analogs were characterized by spectroscopic methods and evaluated for their in vitro cytotoxicity in three human cancer cell lines: cervical (HeLa), oral (KB) and breast (MCF-7).