候选抑癌基因 ING1的研究进展

人候选抑癌基因ING1定位于13q33-34,有3个外显子和2个内含子。ING1mRNA至少有3种变位剪接形式,分别编码3种不同的蛋白质：p47ING1a,p33ING1b和p24ING1。ING1与p53相互作用能够抑制细胞的生长,促进细胞凋亡。在一些肿瘤中还发现ING1表达下调或ING1突变。P33ING1b参与mSin3复合体的形成而介导转录抑制。     

miR-138转录可下调p33ING1在衰老细胞中的表达

p33ING1参与了多种生物学过程,包括细胞生长抑制、凋亡、DNA损伤修复、染色质重塑等．近来研究显示,p33在细胞衰老过程中表达降低,这可能与衰老细胞的抗凋亡有关．但p33在衰老细胞中表达下调的分子机理仍不清楚．我们发现,在衰老细胞中miR-138表达升高与p33基因的表达降低密切相关．以下实验结果支持如此结论：(1)与年轻细胞相比,带p33ING1 3′UTR 报告载体荧光素酶活性在衰老细胞中降低;突变3′UTR上的miR-138结合位点可升高报告载体荧光素酶在衰老细胞中的活性;(2)在衰老细胞中miR-138的表达升高;(3)在年轻细胞中,过表达miR-138不仅可抑制带p33ING1 3′UTR 报告载体荧光素酶活性,而且下调细胞内p33ING1基因mRNA和蛋白水平.与此相反,抑制miR-138活性可升高带p33ING1 3′UTR 报告载体荧光素酶活性,并且上调细胞内p33ING1基因mRNA和蛋白水平．这些结果表明,p33ING1基因是miR-138的靶基因;在衰老过程中,miR-138表达升高, 由此导致该基因的表达降低．     

ING1家族各异构体抑制HeLa细胞增殖的分子机制研究

ING1(inhibitor of growth 1)是一个候选抑癌基因家族,p47ING1a、p33ING1b和p24ING1c是其三种剪接异构体.通过MTT法和流式细胞术研究ING1a、ING1b和ING1c对HeLa细胞增殖的影响,结果发现三者均可将HeLa细胞阻滞于G0/G1期并抑制细胞生长.采用PCR方法构建ING1a和ING1b的PHD结构域缺失体1aΔC和1bΔC,进而使ING1a,ING1b、ING1c、1aΔC和1bΔC在HeLa细胞中过表达.采用Western blot检测上述HeLa细胞中p16INK4a、PTEN/p27Kip1和p53/p21Waf1的表达变化,结果发现ING1a、ING1b、ING1c和1aΔC均可促进p16INK4a的表达,其中ING1c的促进作用最为显著,1bΔC则略微抑制了p16INK4a的蛋白质表达.利用荧光素酶分析初步确定1aΔC可增强p16INK4a启动子活性而促进p16INK4a的转录,1bΔC则抑制了p16INK4a启动子活性.上述结果阐释了ING1家族各成员对HeLa细胞增殖的影响及其分子机制,从而确定了各异构体功能的异同及它们所调控的重要基因.首次发现除p53/p21Waf1通路外,ING1家族各异构体还可通过上调p16INK4a和PTEN的表达而抑制肿瘤细胞生长,并且ING1a的PHD结构域删除体可以增强p16INK4a的转录,这为研究ING1家族抑制肿瘤细胞生长的分子机制提供了新的线索.     

p16^INK4失活与肿瘤的发生

p16~(INK4)位于人类染色体9p2.1,其编码的蛋白为细胞周期蛋白依赖激酶4(CDK4)的抑制因子,直接调控细胞增殖周期。至今已在许多肿瘤发现有p16~(INK4)的缺失或失活,p16~(INK4)是一种多肿瘤抑制基因(Munltiple Tumor Sup-pressor Ⅰ,MTS_1),在不少肿瘤中其缺失或失活高达80％,是一种可以与p53基因相匹敌的肿瘤抑制基因。     

过表达人p33ING1b促进UV诱导的衰老细胞凋亡

p33 ^ING1b是肿瘤抑制基因ING1的主要表达形式,已有的研究表明,p33^ING1b参与了细胞的生长抑制、凋亡、染色质重塑、DNA损伤修复、肿瘤抑制等.但是,它在细胞衰老过程中的作用目前还不清楚.本研究分析了p33 ^ING1b基因在细胞衰老过程中的表达情况.结果发现,无论在mRNA水平还是在蛋白水平,p33 ^ING1b在衰老细胞中的表达均降低.通过构建和包装含p33^ING1b基因的重组腺病毒,将p33 ^ING1b导入衰老细胞中使其过表达,结果显示,p33^ING1b的过表达明显促进UV诱导的衰老细胞凋亡,提示p33I^NG1b在衰老细胞中的表达下调与衰老细胞抗凋亡有关.     

一个在肝癌中表达下调的基因syap1的克隆和鉴定

肿瘤细胞区别于正常细胞的最基本特征是细胞生长失控和分化受阻。这种细胞生长失控和分化受阻是由于多种遗传性缺陷积累的结果,这主要表现在两个方面:一是癌基因的激活或过度表达,阻止细胞分化,促进细胞生长;另一方面是肿瘤抑制基因的失活。在肝癌研究中人们发现有多处染色体DNA发生缺失如染色体1p、4q、5q、6q、8p、10p、11p、13q、16q、17p和22q区域,提示这些区域可能存在肿瘤抑制基因。其中13q、17p和8p区域的肿瘤抑制     

腺病毒介导的p33ING1b过表达显著促进衰老细胞的DNA损伤修复

p33^ING1b是一个较晚发现的肿瘤抑制基因ING1的主要表达形式,自从被成功克隆以后得到了广泛的研究,已有的研究表明,p33^ING1b参与了细胞的生长抑制、凋亡、染色质重塑、DNA损伤修复、肿瘤抑制和细胞衰老等。但是它在细胞衰老过程中的作用特别是对衰老细胞DNA损伤修复的影响还没有被地阐明,在本研究中,我们首先用2BS细胞构建了细胞衰老模型,通过RT-PCR和Western blot技术证实p33^ING1b在衰老细胞中的表达水平是下调的,然后通过构建和包装包含p33^ING1b基因的腺病毒,将p33^ING1b导入年轻和衰老细胞中并使其过表达,用HCR（host cell reactivation）方法检测年轻细胞和衰老细胞DNA损伤修复能力。我们的实验首次表明,相对于年轻细胞,p33^ING1b的过表达使衰老细胞的DNA的损伤修复能力显著增加,这说明p33^ING1b在衰老细胞中的表达下调与衰老细胞DNA损伤修复能力的下降有关,也进一步证实了p33^ING1b在细胞衰老过程中起着十分重要的作用。     

生长抑制因子(ING)抑癌基因家族的研究进展

生长抑制因子(inhibitor of growth,ING)家族成员是候选的抑癌基因.ING蛋白参与磷脂酰肌醇介导的脂类信号转导通路及激素介导的通路,能够与组蛋白乙酰转移酶、去乙酰化酶等结合参与染色质的重构,调节基因的转录,与p53协同作用,抑制细胞生长,诱导细胞凋亡和DNA损伤修复.ING家族成员通过对基因表达的表观遗传学调控将细胞周期、细胞凋亡和衰老等生物学过程有机联系起来.     

p53肿瘤抑制基因

正常细胞的增殖常取决于促进生长的原癌基因和抑制生长的肿瘤抑制基因的平衡调节。原癌基因的激活或者肿瘤抑制基因的失活都能导致细胞生长的失控。事实上,许多肿瘤的发生需要基因组中这两类基因的同时突变。虽然人们对肿瘤抑制基因的认识较细胞癌基因晚了近10年,但当今它已成为了解肿瘤起源分子     

食管鳞癌中P33~(ING1b)、FXYD3和PINCH的相关性分析

PINCH表达在肿瘤间质,而FXYD3、P33~(ING1b)蛋白表达在肿瘤细胞,FXYD3、P33~(ING1b)和PINCH的相关性研究未见报道,本研究以期为肿瘤的发生和转移机制开辟新的思路。采用免疫组织化学方法(SP法)检测河北医科大学第一医院2000年7月~2004年5月各种临床资料齐全的64例食管鳞癌及相对应的肿瘤远断端的正常食管粘膜组织20例中FXYD3、PINCH和P33~(ING1b)的表达。结果显示P33~(ING1b)蛋白在肿瘤细胞胞质中的表达与PINCH蛋白表达呈正相关(r=0.529,p0.000 01),两种蛋白同时表达阳性的病例具有较高的淋巴结转移率(p=0.001);食管鳞癌中FXYD3蛋白的阳性表达也趋于与PINCH蛋白的阳性表达有一定的相关性(r=0.232,p=0.063),两种蛋白淋巴结转移表达同时阳性的表达呈正相关(r=0.577,p=0.008)。因此联合检测P33~(ING1b)、FXYD3和PINCH,有利于进一步探讨食管鳞癌的发生、发展和转移机制。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.