基于分子与形态证据的桃色无心菜(石竹科)分类地位探讨

广义无心菜属(Arenaria L.s.l.)是石竹科(Caryophyllaceae)中分类较为困难的大属之一,基于分子系统学研究结果该属目前已被拆分为多属.基于形态学证据,桃色无心菜(Arenaria melandryoides Edgew.)被置于无心菜属齿瓣亚属[subg.Odontostemma(G.Don)...     

Synergetic effects of TDZ with various phytohormones on high-frequency plant regeneration from mature nodal explants of Capparis decidua and their ex vivo implications

Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture (PCTOC) - Capparis decidua (Forssk.) Edgew., is a well-known ornamental shrub of arid and semi-arid horticulture and agroforestry. This paper represents the...     

Archaeobotany of capers (Capparis) (Capparaceae)

The origins of capers, their use and cultivation are discussed. Capers seeds and charcoal are often recovered from archaeological sites of the Mediterranean and West Asia. These are referred to as C. Spinosa L. This is mostly a group of cultivars restricted to localities surrounding the Western Mediterranean and some places in the Eastern Mediterranean. Identification of the findings is discussed in terms of seed morphology, present distribution and ancient uses of C. aegyptia Lam., C. sicula Veill., C. cartilaginea Decne, C. orientalis Veill., C. decidua (Forssk.) Edgew. and other species. Citations of Capparis in early Rabbinic, Mesopotamian and Greco-Roman texts are presented. Received June 3, 2002 / Accepted October 8, 2002 Correspondence to: D. Rivera     

Metallopolia, a new subgenus of Polia (Noctuidae,Noctuinae, Hadenini), with the description of two new species and a new subspecies

A new subgenus of Polia, Metallopolia subgen. n., two new species (Polia (Metallopolia) dysgnorima sp. n. and P. (M.) metagnorima sp. n.) from China (Sichuan, Yunnan, Gansu), and a new subspecies, P. (M.) subviolacea kanchenjunga ssp. n. from Nepal and SE Tibet (Sikkim) are described. Habitus, antennae, male and female genitalia of all Metallopolia species are characterised, depicted and compared with the related species.     

A synoptical revision of Blepharidachne (Poaceae)

Blepharidachne is a disjunct American genus with four species:B. kingii (S. Wats.) Hackel (Great Basin of western U.S.A.) andB. bigelovii (S. Wats.) Hackel (Coahuila, Mexico and Texas, U.S.A.) in North America;B. benthamiana (Hackel) A. S. Hitchc. andB. hitchcockii Lahitte, both in central and western Argentina.Blepharidachne kingii is the only species with perfect flowers, the other three being monoecious as a result of a series of reductive processes. After a discussion of these morphological peculiarities, heretofore overlooked, the article is completed with a brief taxonomic synopsis of the genus.     

Studies on the genusArtemisia L. in North-West Himalaya with particular reference to Kashmir

Present paper deals with 20 species of the genusArtemisia occurring in the North-West Himalaya. Chromosome counts are given for 18 species (for 3 species for the first time). Two new species,A. banihalensis (A. roxburghiana agg.) andA. cashemirica (A. parviflora agg.), are described.     

New species and records of Metriocnemus van der Wulp s. str. from China (Diptera,Chironomidae)

The Chinese species of Metriocnemus van der Wulp s. str., 1874 is reviewed. M. (M.) calcaneum sp. n. is described and illustrated as adult male. M. (M.) albolineatus (Meigen) is recorded from China for the first time. M. (M.) beringensis (Cranston & Oliver), M. (M.) bilobatus Makarchenko & Makarchenko, M. (M.) caudigus Sæther, M. (M.) intergerivus Sæther, M. (M.) tamaokui Sasa and M. (M.) tristellus Edwards are recorded from the Oriental Region for the first time. A key to the males of 17 Chinese Metriocnemus (Metriocnemus) species is given.     

Italian Dermestidae: notes on some species and?an?updated checklist (Coleoptera)

An up-to-date checklist of the Italian Dermestidae is provided. The presence of 95 species in Italy is confirmed, while further 5 species (Dermestes (Dermestes) vorax Motschulsky, 1860, Thorictuspilosus Peyron, 1857, T. wasmanni Reitter, 1895, Attagenus (Attagenus) simonis Reitter, 1881 and Globicornis (G.) breviclavis (Reitter, 1878)) and 1 subspecies (A. (A.) tigrinus pulcher Faldermann, 1835) are excluded from the Italian fauna.Attagenus (Attagenus) calabricus Reitter, 1881 and A. (A.) lobatus Rosenhauer, 1856 are for the first time recorded from Abruzzi and Tuscany respectively; A. (A.) silvaticus Zhantiev, 1976 is recorded for the first time from mainland Italy (Apulia); Anthrenus (Anthrenus) angustefasciatus Ganglbauer, 1904 is new to northern Italy (Friuli-Venezia Giulia), central Italy (Tuscany), Apulia and Basilicata; A. (A.) munroi Hinton, 1943 is new to central Italy (Elba Island); A. (A.) delicatus Kiesenwetter, 1851 is for the first time recorded from Apulia; Globicornis (Globicornis) fasciata (Fairmaire & Brisout de Barneville, 1859) is new to southern Italy (Basilicata); G. (Hadrotoma) sulcata (C.N.F. Brisout de Barneville, 1866) is for the first time recorded from central Italy (Abruzzi), Campania and Sicily, whileTrogoderma inclusum LeConte, 1854 is new to Apulia.Seven species (Dermestes (Dermestes) peruvianus Laporte de Castelnau, 1840, D. (Dermestinus) carnivorus Fabricius, 1775, D. (Dermestinus) hankae Háva, 1999, D. (Dermestinus) intermedius intermedius Kalík, 1951, D. (Dermestinus) szekessyi Kalík, 1950, Anthrenus (Anthrenops) coloratus Reitter, 1881 and Trogodermaangustum (Solier, 1849)) recently recorded from Italy (without further details) are discussed.The lectotype and a paralectotype are designated forAttagenus (A.) calabricus Reitter, 1881 from Calabria.Attagenus pellio (Linnaeus, 1758) var. pilosissimus Roubal, 1932 is removed from synonymy with A. (A.) pellio and recognized as a valid species (stat. prom.); it is known from Lombardy, Apulia and Calabria.     

A review of the species of the genus Curimopsis Ganglbauer, 1902 (Coleoptera, Byrrhidae) in North Asia

A review of species of the pill-beetle genus Curimopsis Ganglb. in the fauna of North Asia is presented. New localities for Curimopsis (s. str.) cyclolepidia (Münster, 1902)—the Gydanskii Peninsula, Tazovskii Vill.; C. (s. str.) moosilauke Johnson, 1986—Kamchatka, Esso Vill., and C. (s. str.) monticola Franz, 1967—Irkutsk (Russia) and Baruunturuun somon (Mongolia) are recorded. Two new species, C. (s. str.) nordensis Tshernyshev, sp. n. (Taimyr Peninsula) and C. (s. str.) olgae Tshernyshev, sp. n. (the Suntar-Khayata Range, Yakutia) are described. The first species is similar to C. (s. str.) cyclolepidia (Münst.) and differs in the not prominent humeri and in a curved apical lobe of the aedeagus; the second species is closely related to C. (s. str.) moosilauke Johns. but differs in almost completely reduced humeri with an expanded basal elytral angle and in the trapezoid lamella of the aedeagus. Curimopsis mongoliensis Paulus described from Kuku-Nor (the Tibet) is supposed to belong to the Chinese alpine fauna and is deleted from the list of the North and Central Asian fauna. Diagnosis, illustrations of the male genitalia, and a distribution map are given for all the species.     

A taxonomic revision of granite outcrop species of Minuartia (Arenaria)

Minuartia glabra (Michx.) Mattfeld andM. uniflora (Walt.) Mattfeld are proposed as the proper taxonomic treatments ofArenaria glabra Michx. [A. groenlandica var.glabra (Michx.) Fern.] andArenaria uniflora (Walt.) Muhl. respectively. A previously unreported species,Minuartia alabamensis is described as new.Minuartia alabamensis andM. uniflora axe more closely related to one another than either is toM. glabra. Minuartia glabra is postulated to be derived from the Arcto-Tertiary flora, which invaded the Piedmont from the Appalachian Highlands.Minuartia alabamensis andM. uniflora are thought to be relicts or species derived from the Madro-Tertiary flora, which invaded the Piedmont from the Southwestern United States and Mexican Highlands.     

Soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation within hillslope vegetation restoration sites in Jinshajing hot-dry river valley

Soil seed bank plays an important role in the composition of different plant communities, especially in their conservation. Although soil seed bank, aboveground vegetation and their relationship have been the subject of much recent attention, little is known about the size and species composition of the soil seed bank and about the aboveground vegetation in the semiarid hillslope grasslands. There is limited understanding of how these components interact to determine the importance of seed banks in regeneration. In this study, the size and species composition of a soil seed bank and aboveground vegetation have been assessed in an experiment using 36 vegetation quadrats and 108 soil samples in terrace, slope, gully, and grazing land. This land represents a range of habitats within a hillslope grassland in Jinshajing hot-dry river valley of Yunnan, China. Terrace, slope, and gully represent restored sites and grazing land typifies unrestored sites. Twenty-one taxa in the seed bank were identified with a median and median density of 7 species/m² and 5498 seeds/m², respectively, whereas in the aboveground vegetation, 19 species were observed with a median and median density of 6 species/m² and 1088 plants/m², respectively. Both seed bank density and aboveground vegetation density among grazing land, gully, slope, and terrace differed significantly. There was an absolutely high proportion of herbaceous species in the seed bank and aboveground vegetation. Gramineae predominated over both seed bank and vegetation. The most frequent seeds and plants were Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus and Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv that had the highest individual number, importance value, and biomass. In the seed bank, the seeds of Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus and Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv accounted for 50.68% and 33.10% of the total seeds, respectively. In the aboveground vegetation, the individual number of Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus and Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv accounted for 55.66% and 29.86% of the total, respectively. The biomass of Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus and Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv accounted for more than 70% of the total, reaching 206.71 g/m² and 147.76 g/m², respectively. Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus and Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv had the highest importance value of 193.01 and 159.99, respectively. Density, biomass, species richness, species diversity, and evenness were the highest in terrace land, whereas these were lowest in grazing land. Similarities between the seed bank and the aboveground vegetation were moderately high and not very different among slope, gully, and terrace lands, while for grazing land, they tended to increase when the restorative stage progressed. This result contrasts with some other studies where the seed bank contributes very little to the seedling flora and the vegetative growth clearly overwhelms sexual reproduction. The hypothesis about significant functional correlation between soil seed bank density and aboveground vegetation density is conformed. Correlation between soil seed bank density and aboveground vegetation density can be described in quadratic and cubic curves. The strong similarity between the vegetation and the seed bank is attributed to a large proportion of the species Bothriochloa pertusa (L.) A. Camus and Heteropogon contortus (L.) Beauv., which are seed profusive and whose seeds have a significant viability in the ground. The high density, biomass, species richness, species diversity, and uniformity of the reclaimed site are related to the sufficiency of heat and water supplies for species establishment and growth in the site, which partly reflects the effective efforts for hillslope grassland restoration. It is believed that the efforts for vegetation restoration have altered the microhabitat conditions of the site and have provided a favorable habitat for species to establish and grow.     

Plant protoplast agglutination by lectins

Concanavalin A, soybean (Glycine max L.) lectin, castor bean (Ricinus communis L.) lectin, and peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) lectin were able to agglutinate protoplasts prepared from a variety of plant species. The seven other lectins tried were unable to agglutinate those protoplasts tested. Protoplasts prepared from 11 species were used. The lectins examined were not able to differentiate among protoplasts of different species.     

The family Ctenobelbidae (Acari,Oribatida), with description of a new species and discussion on systematic placement and taxonomic status of the genus Berndamerus Mahunka, 1977

The oribatid mite genus Berndamerus Mahunka, 1977 is transferred into the family Ctenobelbidae as the subgenus Ctenobelba (Berndamerus) Mahunka, 1977, stat. n. from the family Amerobelbidae. The known species of Berndamerus combined: C. (B.) bicostata (Berlese, 1910), comb. n., C. (B.) eremuloides (Berlese, 1910), comb. n., C. (B.) hellenica (Mahunka, 1977), comb. n. A new species, Ctenobelba (Berndamerus) bugiamapensis sp. n., is described from soil, Bu Gia Map National Park, southern Vietnam. It differs from the other species of the subgenus by the heterotrichy of notogastral setae, presence of adanal neotrichy and localization of adanal lyrifissures. Ctenobelbidae is recorded in Vietnam for the first time. A new diagnosis of the family Ctenobelbidae and the identification keys to the known subgenera of the genus Ctenobelba and species of the subgenus Ctenobelba (Berndamerus) are provided.     

A new species of the jewel-beetle subgenus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Acmaeodera</Emphasis> (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Ptychomus</Emphasis>) Marseul, 1866 from Oman (Coleoptera,Buprestidae: Polycestinae: Acmaeoderini)

A new species of buprestid beetles, Acmaeodera (Ptychomus) koshtali sp. n. (Coleoptera: Buprestidae: Polycestinae) from Oman is described, illustrated, and compared with the closely related species A. (P.) arabica Gory, 1840 and A. (P.) sancta Théry, 1926 which are also recorded from the Arabian Peninsula.     

The taxonomic accounts of the genus Symmorphus Wesmael (Hymenoptera,Vespidae, Eumeninae) from China,with descriptions of three new species

In this study, we recognize and review a total of 19 species of the genus Symmorphus Wesmael from China. We also provide a key to these species. Three new species are described and illustrated, namely Symmorphus (Symmorphus) tianchiensis Li & Chen, sp. n., S. (S.) cavatus Li & Chen, sp. n., and S. (S.) nigriclypeus Li & Chen, sp. n. The following four species are newly recorded from China: Symmorphus (S.) fuscipes (Herrich-Schaeffer), S. (S.) lucens (Kostylev), S. (S.) sublaevis Kostylev, and S. (S.) violaceipennis Giordani Soika. In addition, we map the species geographical distributions in China of these 19 species. Type specimens of these three new species are deposited in Chongqing Normal University and Yunnan Agricultural University.     

A review of sciarids of the genus <Emphasis Type="Italic">Leptosciarella</Emphasis> Tuomikoski 1960 (Diptera,Sciaridae) in the Altai fauna,with description of three new species

The taxonomy of the genus Leptosciarella Tuomikoski, 1960 in the Altai Area within Altai Territory and the Altai Republic was studied. Eleven species were recognized, including three new species which are described and illustrated here: Leptosciarella (L.) ulagana Komarova sp. n., L. (L.) angustistylus Komarova sp. n., L. (L.) senex Komarova sp. n. Additionally, L. (L.) fuscipalpa (Mohrig et Mamaev 1979) and L. (L.) truncata (Tuomikoski 1960) are recorded from Altai for the first time. A key to the Altai species is provided.     

Effects of pH,water stress and temperature on in vitro cultures of ectomycorrhizal fungi from Mediterranean forests

A comparative study of the growth of eight species of ectomycorrhizal fungi [Hebeloma edurum Métrod ex Bon, Lactarius deliciosus (L.: Fr.) S.F. Gray., Rhizopogon roseolus (Corda) Th.M.Fr., Suillus collinitus (Fr.) Kuntze, Suillus granulatus (L.: Fr.) Roussel, Suillus luteus (L.: Fr.) Roussel, Tricholoma focale (Fr.) Ricken, Tricholoma striatum (Schaeff.) Sacc.] in pure culture at different pH values, water potentials and temperatures was carried out. The biomass production and mycelial growth of each strain were assessed and characterised morphologically. H. edurum and L. deliciosus showed a clear affinity for neutral or slightly basic media. Most species had the lowest colony diameters and biomass production at pH 2.5. Only H. edurum, R. roseolus and S. collinitus grew at the highest water stress levels (−13.85 and −15.45 bar). All species grew at the lowest values of temperature whereas only R. roseolus and S. collinitus did at 30 °C.     

A review of the subgenus Epicterodes of Arichanna (Lepidoptera,Geometridae, Ennominae), with description of one new species

The subgenus Epicterodes Wehrli, 1933 of Arichanna Moore, 1868 is reviewed. Six species are recognized, of which, A. (E). denticularia sp. nov. is described as new to science from China. One new synonym is established based on morphological and genetic similarity: A. (E.) flavomacularia Leech, 1897 (=A. (E.) perimelaina Wehrli, 1933 syn. nov.). Results of DNA barcoding for Epicterodes are briefly discussed. Diagnoses for all the species are provided and illustrations of adults, genitalia and distribution map are presented.     

A review of Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) chalybeatus species group from China,with the description of three new species (Diptera,Chironomidae)

The Rheocricotopus (Psilocricotopus) chalybeatus species group from China is reviewed. Three new species, R. (P.) brochus sp. n., R. (P.) rotundus sp. n. and R. (P.) serratus sp. n. are described as adult males. R. (P.) imperfectus Makarchenko & Makarchenko, 2005, R. (P.) robacki (Beck & Beck, 1964) and R. (P.) valgus Chaudhuri & Sinharay, 1983 are recorded from China for the first time and annotated. The diagnosis for the species group is emended and a key to adult males of the species group in China is presented.