Geastrum sessile (Sow.) Pouz., the correct name forGeastrum fimbriatum Fr. (Gasteromycetes)

The author discusses the nomenclature of the speciesGeastrum fimbriatum Fr.; shows why it is not possible to apply the nameGeastrum rufescens Pers. exPers. to this species and maintains the use of the nameGeastrum sessile (Sow.)Pouz., which is here proposed as a new combination.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 3.Sporoschisma,Sporoschismopsis andCatenularia

The species of three genera—Sporoschisma Berk. etBr.,Sporoschismopsis Hol.-Jech. etHennebert andCatenularia Grove are treated in this paper from Czechoslovakia:Sporoschisma juvenile Boudier,S. mirabile Berk. etBr.,Sporoschismopsis moravica Hol.-Jech. etHennebert andCatenularia cuneiformis (Richon) Mason. The studied fungi produce the conidia in basipetal succession, endogenously or subendogenously, quite internally in large phialides or only inside open swollen collarettes.     

Hybridization studies inSilene subgen.Petrocoptis (Caryophyllaceae)

Silene subgenusPetrocoptis comprises sexual diploid taxa and it is restricted to calcareous cliffs in the Iberian peninsula. Artificial crosses involvingSilene pyrenaica (Bergeret)Mayol etRosselló (≡Petrocoptis pyrenaica (Bergeret)Walp.),Silene laxipruinosa Mayol etRosselló andS. montserratii subsp.crassifolia (Rouy)Mayol etRosselló (≡P. crassifolia Rouy) were attempted to assess the extent of barriers developed within the subgenusPetrocoptis. Usually, intraspecific crosses involving allopatric populations were successful, suggesting that geographically isolated populations are not genetically isolated. Cross-compatibility was noted among the polymorphicS. pyrenaica, which developed fertile F₁ hybrids. All other interspecific crosses failed due to cross- or seed-incompatibility. Crossing results agree with available evidence supporting the merging of segregates ofS. pyrenaica within a single taxon.     

A revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis (Compositae)

On the basis of allozyme and cultivation data, and of additional herbarium material, a taxonomic and nomenclatural revision ofTaraxacum sect.Piesis A.J. Richards exKirschner et?těpánek is provided. The section is made up of halophilous, sexually reproducing taxa. InT. stenocephalum Boiss. etKotschy,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., andT. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid chromosome number has been recorded, representing the only known case of sexuality at the tetraploid level in the genus. The complex ofT. stenocephalum, includes some geographically and morphologically extreme populations treated as subspecies: subsp.gumusanicum (Soest)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov., subsp.magnum Kirschner et?těpánek, subsp. nov., and subsp.daralagesicum (Schischk.)Kirschner et?těpánek, comb. nov. In addition toT. bessarabicum (Hornem.)Hand.-Mazz., a widely distributed Eurasian species,T. stenocephalum, a complex centred in Transcaucasia and Anatolia, andT. pachypodum H. Lindb., a North African endemic, four new species are described:T. salsum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a diploid endemic confined to E Crimea,T. perenne Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a tetraploid sexual species known only from SW Crimea,T. pindicum Kirschner et?těpánek, sp. nov., a remarkable tetraploid endemic to the Pindos Mts., Greece, andT. salsitatis Kirschner, ?těpänek etYirdirimli, sp. nov., an Anatolian diploid species. Furthermore, a hybrid betweenT. salsum andT. bessarabicum from Crimea (documented on the basis of allozyme data elsewhere) is given a binomial,T. xmesohalobium Kirschner et?těpánek, nothosp. nov.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 5.Septonema,Hormiactella andLylea

Three genera of lignicolousHyphomycetes Septonema Corda,Hormiactella Saac. andLylea Morgan-Jones are discussed. Illustrations and determination keys are provided. Five species ofSeptonema—S. fasciculare (Corda) Hughes,S. leptaleum (Ellis & Harkn.) Hughes,S. pinicola Hol.-Jech.,S. secedens Corda andS. laricium Hol.-Jech.—and two species ofHormiactella—H. fusca (Preuss) Sacc. andH. asetosa Hol.-Jech.—have been found in Czechoslovakia. A new speciesS. pseudobinum Hol.-Jech. is described from Romania.Septonema tetracoilum (Corda Hughes is accommodated in the genusLylea Morgan-Jones.     

Flechtensystematische Studien VII.Gyalideopsis,eine neue Flechtengattung

Die beschriebene GattungGyalideopsis gen. nov. umfasst vier bisher festgestellten Arten:G. peruviana Merr. exVězda sp. n.,G. anastomosans P. James etVězda sp. n.,G. athalloides (Nyl.) Vězda comb. n. undG. muscicola P. James etVězda sp. n. Die Einreihung der GattungGyalideopsis in die FamilieAsterothyriaceae (sensuSantesson) sowie die systematische Stellung dieser Familie werden kurz behandelt.     

On the structure of the peptidoglycan of cell walls from Myxobacter AL-1 (Myxobacterales)

Basically the peptidoglycan of Myxobater AL-1 consists of alternating β-1,4-linked N-acetylglucosamic-N-acetylmuramic acid chains. After splitting the aminosugar backbone with a specific algal enzyme three subunits arise: a monomer, a dimer and a trimer. Investigation of the monomer with specific enzymes and comparison of the degradation products to standards derived from other bacterial peptidoglycans suggest the following structure of the monomer peptide: l-alanyl-d-glutamic-l-meso-diaminopimelic-d-alanine. A d-alanyl-d-meso-diaminopimelic acid bond is the bridgebond between the peptides of the subunits.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 1.Brachysporium

Four species of the genusBrachysporium Sacc. emend.Mason etHughes are treated in this paper from Czechoslovakia:B. nigrum (Link)Hughes,B. obovatum (Berk.)Sacc. and two new species,B. abietinum Hol.-Jech. andB. brevius Hol.-Jech.     

Notes on some African hepatic genera 1–5

The present study deals with five genera of hepatics in Africa, Isotachis Mitt., Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph., Tritomaria Schiffn. ex Loeske, Gymnocoleopsis (Schust.) Schust. and Lophozia (Dum.) Dum. All African populations of the genus Isotachis Mitt. are considered to be one species, I. aubertii (Schwaegr.) Mitt. Four species of Anastrophyllum (Spruce) Steph. (s.l.), A. auritum (Lehm.) Steph., A. piligerum (Nees) Spruce, A. subcomplicatum (Lehm. et Lindenb.) Steph. and A. minutum (Schreb.) Schust., and two species of Tritomaria Schiffn. et Loeske, T. camerunensis S. Arnell and T. exsecta (Schrad.) Schiffn. ex Loeske occur in Africa. Gymmocoleopsis multiflora (Steph.) Schust. represents a genus and species hitherto unreported for the African flora. Finally, five Lophozia (Dum.) Dum. species, L. argentina (Steph.) Schust., L. capensis S. Arnell, L. decolorans (Limpr.) Steph., L. hedbergii S. Arnell and L. tristaniana (S. Arnell) Váňa, are reported from central and southern Africa; two of these (L. argentina (Steph.) Schust. and L. decolorans (Limpr.) Steph.) represent the first reports from Africa.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 2.Bactrodesmium

Six species of the genusBactrodesmium M. C. Cooke are described in this paper from Czechoslovakia:B. betulicola M.B. Ellis,B. obovatum (Oudemans) M.B. Ellis,B. spilomeum (Berk. etBr.)Mason etHughes including three new speciesB. globosum Hol.-Jech.,B. pyriforme Hol.-Jech. andB. submoniliforme Hol.-Jech.     

Polyploidy and variation in theCampanula rotundifolia complex. Part II. (Taxonomic) I. Revision of the groupsSaxicolae,Lanceolatae andAlpicolae in Czechoslovakia and adjacent regions

A survey is given of three natural groups of the subsectionHeterophylla (Witas.)Fed. of the genusCampanula L. Within theSaxicolae four taxa of higher rank have been revealed:c. xylocarpa Kovanda (2n=34),C. gentilis Kovanda (2n=34),C. moravica (Spitzner)Kovanda subsp.moravica (2n=68), andC. moravica subsp.xylorrhiza (O. Schwarz)Kovanda (2n=102). BothAlpicolae andLanceolatae are represented by a single species: the first byC. cochleariifolia Lam. (2n=34), the latter byC. serrata (Kit. ap.Schult.)Hendrych (2n=34). Cytology, ecology and geographical distribution of all these taxa have been reviewed, and relationships to the other members of the complex discussed. Infraspecific variation within each species has also been examined.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 6.Spadicoides andDiplococcium

Seventeen species belonging toSpadicoides Hughes andDiplococcium Grove collected in Central Europe mostly in Czechoslovakia are described and illustrated. Two new species are described inSpadicoides—S. carpatica Hol.-Jech.,S. penatium Hol.-Jech. and three new species inDiplococcium—D. bicolor Hol.-Jech.,D. insolitum Hol.-Jech. andD. parcum,Hol.-Jech.     

Contribution to the knowledge ofEchinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth)Mich. andE. scaber Rataj from tropical America

The paper deals with the taxonomy and geographical distribution of the two species of the genusEchinodorus whichFassett (1955) did not work up satisfactorily in his revision i.e.Echinodorus macrophyllus (Kunth)Mich. whichFassett does not quote at all, andE. scaber Rataj whichFassett mistook forE. muricatus Griseb. Further a new variety and the diagnoses of hybrids, among whichE. punctatus Mich. is included, are cited.     

LignicolousHyphomycetes from Czechoslovakia 8.Endophragmiella andPhragmocephala

Thirteen species and one variety ofEndophragmiella Sutton and three species ofPhragmocephala Mason etHughes collected by the author in Czechoslovakia, and occasionally in other regions of Europe are described and illustrated. Four new species and one new variety are described inEndophragmiella—E. aseptata Hol.-Jech.,E. fatrensis Holt.-Jech.,E. ramificata Hol.-Jech.,E. similis Hol.-Jech. andE. uniseptata (Ellis) Hughes var.pusilla Hol.-Jech..