钙对盐胁迫下冰叶日中花不同器官离子含量和根部K~+、Na~+吸收的影响

以冰叶日中花(Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.)实生苗为材料,经NaCl、NaCl+ CaCl_2、NaCl+LaCl_3处理后,利用电感耦合等离子发射光谱仪检测叶、茎、根中Na~+、K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量,计算K~+/Na~+、Ca~(2+)/Na~+和Mg~(2+)/Na~+比值,利用非损伤微测技术测定根尖Na~+流和K~+流,研究盐胁迫下钙在维持离子平衡中的作用。结果显示,NaCl处理后,冰叶日中花各器官中Na~+含量增加,K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量降低,离子比值降低;CaCl_2处理降低了Na~+含量,提高了K~+、Ca~(2+)、Mg~(2+)含量,离子比值升高,而LaCl_3处理后的结果相反。经NaCl处理24 h后,冰叶日中花根尖Na~+和K~+明显外流,加入CaCl_2后,Na~+外流速度显著增加,K~+外流速度受到抑制,而加入LaCl_3后则降低了Na~+的外流速度,促进了K~+的外流。研究结果表明冰叶日中花受到盐胁迫后,钙参与了促进根部Na~+外排、抑制K~+外流的过程,进而保持各器官中较低的Na~+含量,表明钙在维持和调控离子平衡中起到重要作用。     

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和Ca2+对甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应

以甜瓜品种‘羊角酥瓜’为试材,利用人工气候室控制环境条件(昼/夜25/18 ℃),研究盐胁迫条件下外源褪黑素(MT)和Ca²⁺对甜瓜幼苗根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺离子含量,Na⁺/K⁺、 Na⁺/Ca²⁺、Na⁺/Mg²⁺值,以及H⁺-ATP酶活性、渗透调节物质积累和细胞膜质过氧化的影响.结果表明: 与对照相比,盐胁迫处理显著抑制甜瓜幼苗生长,增加根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,降低K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量.盐胁迫下,喷施外源MT或Ca²⁺处理均可以显著降低甜瓜根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,提高K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量,植株体内Na⁺/K⁺、Na⁺/Ca²⁺和 Na⁺/Mg²⁺值下降;同时也提高了根系和叶片H⁺-ATP酶活性及叶片渗透调节物质的含量,降低盐胁迫对细胞膜的伤害,表现在甜瓜叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低.总之,在盐胁迫条件下,外源MT、Ca²⁺单独和复配处理均可通过提高H⁺-ATP酶活性来降低盐害离子的含量,改善甜瓜幼苗中的离子平衡,同时增加渗透调节物质的含量,降低膜质过氧化水平,从而增强其对盐胁迫的适应性,其中MT和Ca²⁺复配处理时的效果更好.复配外施 MT 和Ca²⁺在诱导甜瓜幼苗提高耐盐方面具有协同增效作用.     

Inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation by Ca or Sr: A competition with Mg for the formation of adenine nucleotide complexes

Intramitochondrial Sr²⁺, similar to Ca²⁺, inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in intact rat-liver mitochondria. Both Ca²⁺ and Sr²⁺ also inhibit the hydrolytic activity of the ATPase in submitochondrial particles. Half-maximal inhibition of ATPase activity was attained at a concentration of 2.5 mM Ca²⁺ or 5.0 mM Sr²⁺ when the concentration of Mg²⁺ in the medium was 1.0 mM. The inhibition of ATPase activity by both cations was strongly decreased by increasing the Mg²⁺ concentration in the reaction medium. In addition, kinetical data and the determination of the concentration of MgATP, the substrate of the ATPase, in the presence of different concentrations of Ca²⁺ or Sr²⁺ strongly indicate that these cations inhibit ATP hydrolysis by competing with Mg²⁺ for the formation of MgATP. On the basis of a good agreement between these results with submitochondrial particles and the results of titrations of oxidative phosphorylation with carboxyatractyloside or oligomycin in mitochondria loaded with Sr²⁺ it can be concluded that intramitochondrial Ca²⁺ or Sr²⁺ inhibits oxidative phosphorylation in intact mitochondria by decreasing the availability of adenine nucleotides to both the ADP/ATP carrier and the ATP synthase.     

盐胁迫下外源褪黑素和Ca2+对甜瓜幼苗的缓解效应

以甜瓜品种‘羊角酥瓜’为试材,利用人工气候室控制环境条件(昼/夜25/18 ℃),研究盐胁迫条件下外源褪黑素(MT)和Ca²⁺对甜瓜幼苗根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺、K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺离子含量,Na⁺/K⁺、 Na⁺/Ca²⁺、Na⁺/Mg²⁺值,以及H⁺-ATP酶活性、渗透调节物质积累和细胞膜质过氧化的影响.结果表明: 与对照相比,盐胁迫处理显著抑制甜瓜幼苗生长,增加根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,降低K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量.盐胁迫下,喷施外源MT或Ca²⁺处理均可以显著降低甜瓜根系和叶片中Cl^-、Na⁺含量,提高K⁺、Mg²⁺、Ca²⁺含量,植株体内Na⁺/K⁺、Na⁺/Ca²⁺和 Na⁺/Mg²⁺值下降;同时也提高了根系和叶片H⁺-ATP酶活性及叶片渗透调节物质的含量,降低盐胁迫对细胞膜的伤害,表现在甜瓜叶片相对电导率和丙二醛含量降低.总之,在盐胁迫条件下,外源MT、Ca²⁺单独和复配处理均可通过提高H⁺-ATP酶活性来降低盐害离子的含量,改善甜瓜幼苗中的离子平衡,同时增加渗透调节物质的含量,降低膜质过氧化水平,从而增强其对盐胁迫的适应性,其中MT和Ca²⁺复配处理时的效果更好.复配外施 MT 和Ca²⁺在诱导甜瓜幼苗提高耐盐方面具有协同增效作用.     

镁转运体MGT7参与拟南芥对高钙环境的适应

高Ca²⁺环境对许多植物的生长不利, 因此研究植物对高Ca²⁺环境的适应机制非常重要。研究发现, 拟南芥(Ara- bidopsis thaliana)镁转运体MGT7功能缺失突变体mgt7-1和mgt7-2具有高Ca²⁺敏感表型: 在高Ca²⁺培养基上, 相对于野生型Col-0, 突变体叶鲜重显著下降, 但根长无显著差异。高Ca²⁺对MGT7启动子活性和包括MGT7在内的镁转运体基因表达无显著调节作用。Col-0与mgt7突变体之间, 在外加Ca²⁺诱导细胞质Ca²⁺瞬时升高和Ca²⁺含量方面无显著差异; 但是, 在正常和高Ca²⁺培养基上, mgt7突变体的Mg含量均显著低于Col-0。高Ca²⁺显著抑制Col-0和mgt7突变体内Mg的积累。因此我们假设, mgt7突变体的高Ca²⁺敏感表型是由于其体内Mg含量下降导致的。进一步的研究证实, 只有增加培养基中Mg²⁺的含量, 而不是N、P、K和S, 才可以使突变体的高Ca²⁺敏感表型得到恢复。     

Stability constants of metal complexes of phosphonoacetic acid

The antiviral drug, phosphonoacetic acid (PAA), forms stable complexes with Mg²⁺, Ca²⁺, Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺. Stability constants of these complexes were determined in aqueous solution (0.15 M in KNO₃, 37°) by potentiometric titration. Mixed ligand complex formation of Cu²⁺ and Zn²⁺ with PAA and glycinate ion, and with PAA and histidinate ion, was studied. In a theoretical model for blood plasma, PAA affects the distribution of Mg²⁺ and, to a lesser extent, Ca²⁺.     

Some properties of, and the effect of temperature on the (Mg + Ca) ATPase from immature and adult rat brain

1. 1. (Mg²⁺ + Ca²⁺) ATPases of microsomal and synaptic membrane preparations from immature and adult rat brain were activated by calcium (0.1–10 μM), maximal activation was found at 3 μM. The increase in (Mg²⁺ + Ca²⁺) ATPase seen during development was greatest in the synaptic membrane preparations.

2. 2. At 37°C both Na⁺ or K⁺ at concentrations higher than 30 mM inhibited the microsomal Mg²⁺ ATPase, but the (Mg²⁺ + Ca²⁺) ATPase was stimulated by both Na⁺ and K⁺. Synaptic membrane Mg²⁺ ATPase was inhibited by concentrations higher than 100 mM K⁺; Na⁺ however stimulated this enzyme at all concentrations. Much of this Na⁺ stimulated activity was ouabain sensitive. Synaptic membrane (Mg²⁺ + Ca²⁺) ATPase was stimulated by Na⁺ or K⁺, this stimulation follows approximate saturation kinetics with an apparent K_m of 18.8 mM Na⁺ or K⁺.

3. 3. Arrhenius plots of microsomal (Mg²⁺ + Ca²⁺) ATPase were curvilinear, but two intersecting lines with a break at 20°C could be fitted. The calculated energies of activation from these lines were very similar in immature and adult preparations. The synaptic membrane preparation (adult) also gave a curvilinear plot; but two intersecting lines with a break at 25°C could be fitted to the data. These lines had slopes of 21 and 28 Kcal mole⁻¹ above and below the break, respectively. The immature preparation when made using EDTA gave a Arrhenius plot of very similar form to the adult preparation. Without EDTA however the Arrhenius plot was complex with a plateau at 25–32°C. Pretreatment with EDTA activated the synaptic membrane (Mg²⁺ + Ca²⁺) ATPase from both immature and adult brain.

疏叶骆驼刺适应盐渍生境的离子分布、吸收和运输特征

以塔里木盆地南缘关键物种疏叶骆驼刺为材料,研究了不同盐渍土壤生境(轻度盐渍土、中度盐渍土、重度盐渍土)下其器官间Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的分布、吸收及运输特征,以探讨疏叶骆驼刺对自然盐渍生境的适应特性.结果表明: 在轻度和中度盐渍土生境,Na⁺在各器官中的分布规律为茎≈刺>叶>根,而在重度盐渍土生境,Na⁺分布规律为叶>茎≈刺>根;Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺在疏叶骆驼刺体内的分布规律为叶>刺>茎>根.随着土壤含盐量的增加,疏叶骆驼刺体内各器官Na⁺含量都增大,而叶片中K⁺含量呈下降趋势;根和叶器官中K⁺/Na⁺值明显降低,各器官中Ca²⁺/Na⁺、Mg²⁺/Na⁺值都降低.盐渍生境下,疏叶骆驼刺体内Ca²⁺选择性运输系数和Mg²⁺选择性运输系数均为茎-叶>茎-刺>根-茎.疏叶骆驼刺为适应盐渍生境,在土壤含盐量较低时,将Na⁺聚集于茎和刺;而在土壤含盐量较高时,则将Na⁺聚集于叶片.此外,Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺可能是疏叶骆驼适应盐渍生境的无机渗透调节物质.     

Critical review of the methods used to measure the apparent dissociation constant and ligand purity in Ca2+ and Mg2+ buffer solutions

Using simulated Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ buffers, methods proposed to measure both ligand purity and the apparent dissociation constant (K_app) were investigated regarding (1) predicted accuracy of both parameters and (2) generality of the solution.

The Bers’ Ca²⁺ macroelectrode method [Bers, D. M., 1982 A simple method for the determination of free [Ca] in Ca-EGTA solutions Am. J. Physiol. 242, C404–C408] cannot be used with Mg²⁺-macroelectrodes and is partly arbitrary since the linear part of the Scatchard plot is judged subjectively. Iterative methods have therefore been introduced. Iteration based on the Bers’ method or the lumped interference in the Nicolsky–Eisenman equation also failed with Mg²⁺ macroelectrodes. The Oiki et al., method [Oiki, S., Yomamoto, T., Okada, Y., 1994. Apparent stability constants and purity of Ca-chelating agents evaluated using Ca-sensitive electrodes by the double-log optimization method Cell Calcium 15, 209–46.] cannot be applied to Mg²⁺ macroelectrodes. The pH titration method of Moisescu and Pusch (Pflügers, Arch., 355, R122, 1975) predicted EGTA purity and Ca²⁺ contamination, but K_app values for EGTA were approximate. It cannot be applied to Mg²⁺ binding. The partition method [Godt, R.E., 1974. Calcium-activated tension of skinned muscle fibres of the frog. Dependence on magnesium adenosine triphosphate concentration J. Gen. Physiol. 63, 722–739.] only approximately estimated the K_app. Calibration, maintaining contaminating [Ca²⁺]/[Mg²⁺] at <1 μmol l⁻¹, and setting standards by dilution, is the ultimate check of calculated ionised concentrations, although technically difficult. The macroelectrode method of Lüthi et al. [1997. Calibration of Mg²⁺-selective macromolecules down to 1 μmol l⁻¹ in intracellular and Ca⁺- containing extracellular solutions. Exp. Physiol. 82, 453–467] accurately predicted purity and K_app at pK_app values >4 and was independent of electrode characteristics. It is considered the method of choice.

Macroelectrode primary calibration should be carried out in solutions varying from 0.5 to 10 mmol l⁻¹ combined with either Ca–EGTA or Mg–EDTA buffers; the [Ca²⁺] and [Mg²⁺] in other buffer ligands can be measured in a secondary calibration.     

磁化微咸水灌溉对欧美杨I-107离子稳态的影响

为探究微咸水磁化处理条件下植株的离子稳态特征,以欧美杨I-107一年生扦插苗为试材,于生长季节分别采用Hoagland营养液和4.0 g·L^-1 NaCl微咸水,经磁化处理后连续灌溉30 d.采用原子吸收分光光度法对叶片和根系中K⁺、Na⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量进行测定,分析离子平衡系数(K)和根-叶之间的离子选择性运输系数(S_Xi,Na).结果表明: 与非盐分胁迫处理相比,盐分胁迫处理根系和叶片中Na⁺和Ca²⁺含量及S_K,Na、S_Mg,Na升高,K⁺和Mg²⁺含量、K⁺/Na⁺及S_Ca,Na降低.与非磁化微咸水灌溉处理相比,磁化微咸水灌溉处理的根系和叶片中Na⁺含量降低、K⁺含量及K⁺/Na⁺提高;根系和叶片中Ca²⁺含量降低、Mg²⁺含量提高;磁化微咸水灌溉处理中K提高,且叶片中K值显著高于根系;S_K,Na和S_Mg,Na较非磁化微咸水灌溉提高,S_Ca,Na较其降低.磁化微咸水灌溉中根系和叶片Na⁺积累量减少,K⁺、Ca²⁺和Mg²⁺含量增加,且维持了较高水平的K⁺/Na⁺,这有利于植株整株水平生理代谢的调控.因此,盐分胁迫下磁化作用可通过调节离子的选择性吸收和运输来维持植株体内的离子平衡.     

Light-dependent changes of the Mg concentration in the stroma in relation to the Mg dependency of CO2 fixation in intact chloroplasts

(1) Light-dependent changes of the Mg²⁺ content of thylakoid membranes were measured at pH 8.0 and compared with earlier measurements at pH 6.6. In a NaCl and KCl medium, the light-dependent decrease in the Mg²⁺ content of the thylakoid membranes at pH 8.0 is found to be 23 nmol Mg²⁺ per mg chlorophyll, whereas in a sorbitol medium it is 83 nmol Mg₂₊ per mg chlorophyll.

(2) A light dependent increase in the Mg²⁺ content of the stroma was detected when chloroplasts were subjected to osmotic shock, amounting to 26 nmol/mg chlorophyll. Furthermore, a rapid and reversible light-dependent efflux of Mg²⁺ has been observed in intact chloroplasts when the divalent cation ionophore A 23 187 was added, indicating a light-dependent transfer of about 60 nmol of Mg²⁺ per mg chlorophyll from the thylakoid membranes to the stroma.

(3) CO₂ fixation, but not phosphoglycerate reduction, could be completely inhibited when A 23 187 was added to intact chloroplasts in the absence of external Mg²⁺. If Mg²⁺ was then added to the medium, CO₂ fixation was restored. Half of the maximal restoration was achieved with about 0.2 mM Mg²⁺, which is calculated to reflect a Mg²⁺ concentration in the stroma of 1.2 mM. The further addition of Ca²⁺ strongly inhibits CO₂ fixation.

(4) The results suggest that illumination of intact chloroplasts causes an increase in the Mg²⁺ concentration of 1–3 mM in the stroma. Compared to the total Mg²⁺ content of chloroplasts, this increase is very low, but it appears to be high enough to have a possible function in the light regulation of CO₂ fixation.     

根际CO2浓度富集对番茄光合生理的影响

本文采用气雾法栽培方式,研究了60 d根际CO₂浓度富集处理对番茄光合生理的影响.结果表明： 2500 μL·L^–1及以上CO₂浓度处理下,番茄植株叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积显著降低,叶片Mg²⁺ ATPase、Ca²⁺ ATPase和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性显著减少,而根系PEPC活性显著增加,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度均显著降低.表明根际高CO₂浓度条件下,根系PEPC活性增强、叶片固定CO₂的能力减弱、叶片Mg^2+ ATPase和Ca²⁺ ATPase活性显著降低,根际长期高CO₂浓度处理可能是导致植株光合生理指标下降的原因之一.
     

根际CO2浓度富集对番茄光合生理的影响

本文采用气雾法栽培方式,研究了60 d根际CO₂浓度富集处理对番茄光合生理的影响.结果表明： 2500 μL·L^–1及以上CO₂浓度处理下,番茄植株叶片叶绿素含量、叶面积显著降低,叶片Mg²⁺ ATPase、Ca²⁺ ATPase和磷酸烯醇式丙酮酸羧化酶(PEPC)活性显著减少,而根系PEPC活性显著增加,叶片净光合速率、气孔导度和胞间CO₂浓度均显著降低.表明根际高CO₂浓度条件下,根系PEPC活性增强、叶片固定CO₂的能力减弱、叶片Mg^2+ ATPase和Ca²⁺ ATPase活性显著降低,根际长期高CO₂浓度处理可能是导致植株光合生理指标下降的原因之一.
     

伴生植物盐角草和星花碱蓬不同生育期几种阳离子含量变化分析

为了分析伴生植物盐角草和星花碱蓬在一个生育期内不同器官中Na⁺、K⁺、Ca²⁺及Mg²⁺含量的变化,利用火焰分光光度法和原子吸收法测定了两种植株不同发育时期的根、茎、叶中这4种阳离子含量。结果显示这两种植物根和茎中4种离子的积累趋势和叶器官中不同：Na⁺、K⁺元素含量随着植物的发育呈下降趋势,而在叶器官中则呈上升的趋势;两种植物根和茎及盐角草的叶器官中Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺元素的含量随生育期的发育呈由低到高再降低的趋势,而星花碱蓬的叶器官中这两种离子的含量则表现为由高到低再升高的趋势。两种植物除了Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺的积累趋势在两种植物间存在有差异外,其余指标的变化趋势基本一致。尤其对Na⁺的积累,两种植物Na⁺的含量占根部干重的3%左右,占茎部干重的5%左右,占叶部干重的10%左右。表明伴生植物盐角草和星花碱蓬具有改良盐碱地的良好潜能,可以作为改良盐碱地的优良种植资源。     

Effect of various degrees and duration of magnesium deficiency on lipid peroxidation and mineral metabolism in rats

Severe magnesium (Mg) deficiency changed mineral homeostasis, increased lipid peroxidation, and reduced Mg²⁺/Ca²⁺ antagonism. To investigate whether the pathobiochemical effects directly correlate with the degree of Mg deficiency or whether there might be a threshold for significant alterations, diets with 70, 110, 208, 330, and 850 ppm of Mg were fed to growing Wistar rats. After feeding the diets for 0, 10, 20, and 30 days, parameters of free radical action (malondialdehyde and vitamin E content), mineral content (Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn) in various tissues (liver, spleen, heart, kidney, muscle) and plasma parameters (Mg, Ca, Fe, Zn, alanine- and aspartate-aminotransferase, tumor necrosis factor- [TNF-] were analyzed. The tissue Mg content was either unchanged or only slightly reduced in severe Mg deficiency. The iron (Fe) content rose when the extracellular Mg²⁺ concentration was below 0.25 mmol/L. There was a close positive correlation between the tissue Fe and the malondialdehyde content and a negative correlation between the malondialdehyde and the vitamin E content. Below the threshold of about 0.25 mmol/L of plasma Mg²⁺ concentration, elevated zinc (Zn) concentrations were found in liver and kidney as well as in plasma increased transaminases and TNF-. The same threshold could be observed for the increase of tissue calcium (Ca) content, except in the kidney where calcifications were found already in less severe Mg deficiency. Concerning changed mineral homeostasis with subsequent lipid peroxidation and membrane damage, plasma Mg²⁺ concentrations must be below 0.25 mmol/L: above this threshold effects of Mg deficiency alone can be compensated.     

Cation-induced thermal stability of an alkaline protease from a Bacillus sp.

An alkaline protease produced from a Bacillus sp. was stimulated by the metal ions Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺ and Mn²⁺; with Ca²⁺ having the maximum effect. The thermal stability of the enzyme was also enhanced to varying degrees in the presence of these ions.     

低氧应激下甘肃鼢鼠与SD 大鼠心脏抗氧化酶和ATP 酶活性的比较

为探讨低氧应激下甘肃鼢鼠心脏对抗氧化损伤和电生理紊乱的可能机制,对甘肃鼢鼠和SD 大鼠在4. 5%氧浓度下分别进行2 h、4 h、6 h、8 h、10 h、16 h 低氧应激,比较常氧和各时程低氧下二者心脏超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽还原酶(GR)和Ca^{2 +} - ATP 酶、Ca^{2 +} - Mg^{2 +} - ATP 酶、Na ⁺ - K ⁺ - ATP酶活性,以丙二醛(MDA)含量作为机体氧化损伤指标。结果显示,常氧组甘肃鼢鼠GR 活性比SD 大鼠高,SOD、CAT、Ca^{2 +}-ATP 酶、Ca^{2 +} - Mg^{2 +} - ATP 酶和Na ⁺ - K ⁺ - ATP 酶活性及MDA 含量与SD 大鼠相比均无显著性差
异;低氧组甘肃鼢鼠SOD、CAT、GR、Ca^{2 +} - ATP 酶、Ca^{2 +} - Mg^{2 +} - ATP 酶和Na ⁺ - K ⁺ - ATP 酶活性迅速升高,显著高于SD 大鼠,MDA 含量则显著低于SD 大鼠。说明甘肃鼢鼠心脏通过提高抗氧化酶活性清除低氧诱导产生的多余自由基,并通过提高ATP 酶活性保证心电活动正常、心率稳定,应对低氧应激。     

S-100b protein regulates the activity of skeletal muscle adenylate cyclase in vitro

We have investigated the effect of the b isoform of S-100 proteins on adenylate cyclase activity of rat skeletal muscle. S-100b inhibits the adenylate cyclase activity in the presence of Mg²⁺ (5.0–50 mM), while it activates the same enzyme in the presence of Ca²⁺ (0.1–1.0 mM) dose-dependently in both cases. S-100b counteracts the stimulatory effect of NaF on adenylate cyclase in the presence of Mg²⁺ and the inhibitory effect of RMI 12330 A in the presence of Ca²⁺.     

Interaction of calmodulin with synaptic plasma membranes isolated from sheep brain

Calmodulin binding to a membrane fraction enriched in synaptic plasma membranes of sheep brain cells was investigated with [¹²⁵I]calmodulin. Calmodulin binding to these membranes is Ca²⁺-dependent with a half maximal saturation at the pCa value of about 5.5. The binding is reduced by replacing Ca²⁺ with Mg²⁺, but it is significantly enhanced when both cations are present in the medium. Cation-dependent binding is specific and saturable with an apparent K_D of about 47–50 nM and a maximal capacity of about 4 pmol mg⁻¹ protein. The results indicate that synaptic plasma membranes isolated from sheep brain cells interact with calmodulin in a Ca²⁺-dependent, Mg²⁺-facilitated manner.     

玉米幼苗冷袭敏感性的初步研究

对玉米种子萌发过程中低温冷袭(3.0℃)下幼苗电导率、硝酸还原酶活性、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖、蔗糖含量、植株浸出液中K⁺、Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺含量以及株高、干重、鲜重和残留种子干物质重量的研究结果表明,冷袭处理植株较对照植株的高度、干重和鲜重的生长率均随叶龄和天龄的增加而降低,可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量均随叶龄和天龄的增加而呈下降趋势;而相对电导率和植株浸出液中的K⁺、Mg²⁺和Ca²⁺含量则呈上升趋势,从而说明玉米幼苗从异养向自养转变的过程中,抵御冷袭的能力是逐渐降低的,也就是说对冷袭的敏感性是逐渐增大的。从冷袭处理植株与对照植株之间各项指标的差值来看,均在15天龄或17天龄最大,说明此时期既离乳期,玉米幼苗对冷袭的敏感性最大。