珠颈斑鸠生态的初步观察

珠颈斑鸠(Stre propelia chinensis chinensis)是苏北优势留鸟。作者从1974—1987年中,在苏北对珠颈斑鸠的生态进行观察,现将有关资料报道如下。 (一)野外标志 珠颈斑鸠雌雄鸟的体形、体色相似,成体的颈部有半圈黑色分又的羽毛,顶端白色,状如珍珠,跟山斑鸠(Streptopelia orientalis orientalis)(俗称斑鸠、苏北部分猎户称它斑子)、火斑鸠(Oenopopelia tranquebarica humilis)的颈部无白色珍珠状羽斑之     

珠颈斑鸠的代谢产热特征

采用封闭式氧气流体压力呼吸仪和数字式温度计,测定在环境温度(Ta)为0℃、6.5℃、10.5℃、16.5℃、20℃、22.5℃、25℃、27.5℃和30℃时珠颈斑鸠(Streptopelia chinesis)的代谢率(MR)和体温(Tb),由此计算出每个温度点的热传导(C)以及MR和C的体质量预期值等指标,探讨其代谢产热特征。结果表明:在Ta为0℃～30℃时,珠颈斑鸠的体温基本维持恒定,平均体温为(40.7±0.1)℃,热中性区(TNZ)为22.5～27.5℃,基础代谢率为(160.48±6.05)mlO2.h-1,是体质量预期值的65%;Ta在0℃～25℃范围内,热传导值最低且基本保持恒定,平均为(0.07±0.01)mlO2.g-1.h-1.℃-1,是体质量预期值的122%。珠颈斑鸠具有较低的MR,较高的C和Tb,能较好地适应南方较热的气候环境。     

珠颈斑鸠繁殖生态初步观察

珠颈斑鸠在扬州市每年繁殖１－２次,每年在４月配对,雄鸟常发出３声,４声及两声求偶鸣叫,还要进行“婚飞”,雄鸟问雌鸟点头或鞠躬、对飞等行为。雌雄鸟营巢于树干的中层,巢的结构简单。满窠产卵两株。孵卵期１７－１８天。育雏期１９－２０天。     

呼和浩特市鸟类种的新记录——珠颈斑鸠

2004年4月4日笔者在呼和浩特市第三苗圃(40°48.445′N,111°433.49′E)进行鸟类资源调查时,于15:40左右在东侧靠近东墙的灌丛中发现两只体长约30cm的类似灰斑鸠的鸟,在距其约8m的地方,通过8×40倍双目望远镜观察发现:通体粉褐色,头部灰褐色;后颈具宽阔的黑色领圈,其上杂以珍珠     

吉林长春发现珠颈斑鸠

2016年3月24日在位于吉林省长春市的吉林农业大学校园内(43°48′36″N,125°24′04″E,海拔227m)拍摄到1只体型大小与山斑鸠(Streptopelia orientalis)相当的鸽形目鸟类(图1).其嘴细长、暗褐色,虹膜棕红色,脚趾紫红色.额、头顶青灰色,头侧、前颈粉红色,后颈羽毛黑色密布白色珍...     

四川南充市区珠颈斑鸠的繁殖生态学和巢址选择

2002年11月~2004年4月在四川省南充市区内对珠颈斑鸠(Streptopelia chinensis)繁殖生态和巢址选择进行了研究。结果表明:珠颈斑鸠3月初开始求偶交配,求偶行为复杂,有“婚飞”行为;雌雄参与筑巢,营巢期7~8 d。影响巢址选择的主要因素有6种:栖位与巢周隐蔽因子、巢下隐蔽因子、光照因子、人为活动因子、食物因子和营巢树因子;窝卵数2枚,雌雄轮流孵卵,孵卵期17~18 d,孵化率86.67%;雌雄均参与育雏,育雏期18~20 d,雏离巢率73.08%,繁殖生产力1.82,种群育雏高峰期为7月和8月中上旬。     

饥饿对珠颈斑鸠组织糖元、抗氧化酶活性及血液相应指标的影响

饥饿处理珠颈斑鸠1 d、2 d和3 d,分别测定肌肉、肝脏中糖元含量和肝脏抗氧化酶活性及血清中葡萄糖和甘油三酯含量.结果 显示,饥饿处理后珠颈斑鸠体重及肝体比显著下降,肌肉、肝脏中糖元含量下降,饥饿第3 d肝脏组织超氧化物歧化酶活性下降,而丙二醛含量升高,血液中血糖和甘油三酯含量显著下降.     

纯色山鹪莺的领域鸣叫

鸟类鸣叫是鸟类行为研究的一项重要内容,为探究纯色山鹪莺(Prinia inornata)的鸣叫模式与其尾羽逆向变化的关系,于2007年8-10月在广东省肇庆江溪村对繁殖期纯色山鹪莺的领域鸣声等行为进行研究。运用焦点动物观察法,通过Olympus DS-20数码录音笔(100—17100Hz)和直径50cm声音收集器采集声音。行为统计以直接观察和SonyDCR-VX2000E数码摄像机录像相结合。结果如下:⑴共采集到620个鸣句,分属6种鸣句类型,其中4中为常见类型,1种为过渡类型,1种少见类型。(2)纯色山鹪莺的鸣声结构简单,变化较多,能够根据环境改变鸣声,具有识别危险程度和危险对象种类的能力。(3)鸣声均和一定的行为具有联系,4种主要鸣声类型均伴有抖尾行为出现。据此认为,纯色山鹪莺鸣唱结构简单但变化较多,而尾羽在其领域鸣叫行为中发挥了一定作用。     

黄眉姬鹟种组的鸣声差异

黄眉姬鹟种组包括白眉姬(Ficedulazanthopygia)和黄眉姬(F.narcissina)。对于该种组内有关类群的分类地位,不同的学者有不同的看法。本文对有分类争议种(亚种)的领域歌曲(录自48只雄鸟)进行了分析,从领域歌曲分化的角度探讨了各种(亚种)的分类地位。结果表明:白眉姬鹟领域歌曲中,句子的结构、单支歌曲的时间和频率特征与其他类群差异显著,为该种组中最独特的一个类群,鸣声的分化支持其为一个独立的种;羽色明显不同的黄眉姬elisae亚种和narcissina亚种,其领域歌曲的差异也非常显著,已经明显地形成2个独立进化的单元,黄眉姬elisae亚种应为一个独立的种———FicedulaelisaeWeigold,1922;羽色上差异明显的elisae的亚成体和成体的鸣唱非常相似,在各个主要特征上均无明显差异,表明亚成体在发声方面的发育已接近成鸟.     

The radiation of the Seicercus burkii complex and its congeners (Aves: Sylviidae): molecular genetics and bioacoustics

Cryptic species of passerine birds lack notable morphological differentiation and can best be identified by molecular and bioacoustic markers. Here we investigate seven cryptic species of the golden-spectacled warbler (Seicercus burkii complex) with respect to territorial song and cytochrome-b (cyt-b) sequences. Their phylogenetic relations to other Seicercus species and to members of the genus Phylloscopus are inferred by the same methods. Three separate lineages of Seicercus are nested within different branches of the molecular Phylloscopus tree. The S. burkii complex is a monophyletic unit comprising seven species (S. burkii s. str., S. whistleri, S. valentini, S. soror, S. omeiensis, S. tephrocephalus and S. affinis). S. xanthoschistos turned out to be a close relative of Phylloscopus davisoni within the P. reguloides group. Two isolated sister taxa, S. grammiceps and S. castaniceps, also branch together with the P. reguloides group. Within the S. burkii complex the overall haplotype and nucleotide diversity is highest in taxa from the Chinese middle and upper mountain belt (S. valentini, S. omeiensis and S. soror), indicating at least partially restricted gene flow in these species. This is explained by the fragmentation of high-altitude habitats in China while in the Himalayas the vicariant species S. whistleri inhabits a more continuous mountain belt at the same altitude. For the Chinese species from medium and high altitudes, past range expansion is indicated by significantly negative Tajima Ds. According to pairwise genetic distances, most species of the S. burkii complex have diverged 5 myr ago, the most recent split between S. burkii and S. tephrocephalus is dated 2 myr ago. Coalescence times for haplotype lineages of the different species range from 9 up to 12 myr, and between 5 and 6 myr for S. burkii and S. tephrocephalus.

Within Seicercus divergence of song features such as frequency parameters and syntax structures correlate with genetic distances between taxa. The three cyt-b lineages of Seicercus correspond to different clusters in a discriminant analysis by acoustic parameters. Common syntax structures of territorial song in the Phylloscopus/Seicercus assemblage are: (1) an introductory element derived from specific calls and (2) a syntax of trills and repeated element groups or a combination of both. There are clear indications that these song structures have repeatedly emerged, were lost or were altered in different branches of the phylogenetic tree at different times. Absolute differences between taxa in frequency parameters or in an acoustic divergence index increase significantly with growing genetic distances. However, due to multiple parallel evolution phylogenetic information provided by single acoustic traits decreases with increasing numbers of taxa involved in the investigation.     

Hybrid vocalizations are effective within, but not outside, an avian hybrid zone

Secondary contact between closely related species can lead tohybridization. The fitness of hybrid individuals within andoutside the hybrid zone determines whether the hybrid zone expandsinto the ranges of the 2 parental species or remains a stable,geographically narrow area in between the allopatric rangesof the parental species. In birds, vocalizations play an importantrole in male–male competition and female mate choice andare often affected by hybridization. One of the factors thatwill influence male hybrid fitness is the ability to defenda territory against competitors by vocalizing. We tested theefficacy of territorial signals of hybrids of 2 dove species,Streptopelia vinacea and Streptopelia capicola, compared withthe vocalizations of the parental species. With playback experiments,we assessed the response to hybrid and the 2 parental speciesvocalizations in the hybrid zone and adjacent allopatric populationsof each species. In the hybrid zone, males did not respond differentlyto the 3 vocalization types. In both allopatric populations,however, males responded more to conspecific than to heterospecificsignals and the response strength to hybrid signals was intermediate.Therefore, in the allopatric populations, hybrid males may havea reduced success in defending territories. In male–maleinteractions in the hybrid zone, hybrids may not have a disadvantagecompared with males of the parental species. The ability todefend a territory against competitors may thus help maintaina stable hybrid zone in the area of overlap.     

红腹锦鸡鸣声声谱分析

本文对笼养红腹锦鸡的啼叫,求偶,炫耀,恐惧,惊叫等鸣叫声进行了声谱分析,探索不同呜声特征与行为的关系,并将该雄体繁殖期的主要鸣声－蹄叫声与白腹锦鸡进行了比较。     

甘肃鼢鼠的震动通讯

听觉通讯是兽类一种重要的通讯方式 ,尤其是鼢鼠 ,因其营地下独居生活 ,视觉退化 ,个体间通讯主要依赖听觉和嗅觉。Ｈｅｔｈ和Ｒａｄｏ分别在室内人工模拟洞道和野外自然洞道中采集到了鼹形鼠(Ｓｐａｌａｘｅｈｒｅｎｂｅｒｇｉ)用头敲击洞壁产生的震动波信号 ,首先发现地下鼠的震动通讯方式[1,2 ] 。甘肃鼢鼠 (Ｍｙｏｓｐａｌａｘｃａｎｓｕｓ)生活在与鼹形鼠相似的地下环境中 ,是否也同样存在震动通讯方式 ?为此 ,作者在室内利用人工模拟洞道对甘肃鼢鼠震动通讯进行了初步研究。1　材料与方法　　实验用甘肃鼢鼠捕自陕西省富县 ,室内单笼…     

Spectrographic analysis of laryngeal air sac resonance in rhesus monkey.

Laryngeal air sacs are circular out-pocketings, located in the hyoid bone with their ostium in the midline of the anterior part of the larynx. From previous cadaver studies of the rhesus monkey it was deduced that the function of the air sac is to act as a resonating chamber. The present study was designed to test this hypothesis. Recordings were made of three rhesus monkeys before and after surgical removal of the air sac. Spectrographic analysis of the monkeys' vocalizations indicated that differences in formant frequency characteristics between pre-and post-surgical recordings were negligible. This finding suggests that the laryngeal air sac does not play an important role in the resonant properties of the monkeys' vocal tracts.     

Song dialects on the Atlantic islands: goldcrests of the Azores ( Regulus regulus azoricus, R. r. sanctae-mariae, R. r. inermis)

Territorial songs in island populations of songbirds are often highly divergent from those of neighbouring continental relatives. This is shown for the three goldcrest subspecies (Regulus regulus azoricus, R. r. sanctae-mariae and R. r. inermis) endemic on six islands of the Azorean archipelago. All investigated populations display a high intra- and inter-individual acoustic variation. On each island, up to six different song types have been found; and a single male sings up to three types. In contrast, all northwestern European populations of R. r. regulus and R. r. anglorum share only a single song type. In playback experiments, none of 18 tested dialect songs of Azorean goldcrests evoked notable territorial reaction in German and Czech goldcrest males (ssp. regulus). Two differing dialect groups of the goldcrest can be distinguished on the Azores. Populations of the eastern islands, São Miguel and Santa Maria, share common song types which are not found on the islands of the central and western groups. Dialect repertoires on the westernmost islands, Flores, Faial and Pico, are dominated by a different song type. In the geologically younger western crater of São Miguel, both western and eastern song types coexist. Acoustic similarities to a population from neighbouring Terceira suggest the western part of São Miguel as the origin for the westward expansion of R. regulus on the Azores.