多粘类芽孢杆菌HY96—2发酵液化学成分研究

从多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa HY96-2)的发酵液中分离得到了12个化合物,其结构通过波谱分析分别鉴定为苯甲酸(1)、对羟基苯甲酸(2)、对羟基苯丙酸(3)、2-苯基乳酸(4)、3-苯基乳酸(5)、琥珀酸(6)、棕榈酸甲酯(7)、大豆甙元(8)、环(甘氨酸-L-丙氨酸)二肽(9)、吲哚-3-乙酸(10)、L-苯丙氨酸(11)和2R,3R-丁二醇(12),其中化合物1～9均为首次从该菌中分离得到,化合物1、2、5和6对青枯劳尔氏菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)分别为1、3、2和3 mg/mL.     

多粘类芽孢杆菌及其产生的生物活性物质研究进展

多粘类芽孢杆(Paenibacillus polymyxa)对人或动植物没有致病性,某些菌株可产生如抗生素、拮抗蛋白、植物激素、酶、絮凝剂等多种生物活性物质.这些活性物质在植物病害防治以及人和动物疾病治疗方面具有诱人的应用前景.本文对近年来多粘类芽孢杆菌及其产生的生物活性物质的研究进展进行了综述.     

水稻生防菌株多粘类芽孢杆菌WY110抗菌蛋白的纯化及其基因克隆

通过DEAE—Sephadex A-50离子交换层析和Sephacryl S-200分子筛层析并采用抑菌活性和SDS-PAGE跟踪检测,从多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)WY110菌株中分离纯化到一种对稻瘟病菌具有拮抗活性的抗菌蛋白P2(分子量约26kD)。平板抑菌试验表明,在PDA培养基上1．5μg纯化的P2蛋白即可有效地抑制稻瘟病菌菌丝生长,并对所测试的稻瘟病菌不同菌株均表现出抑菌活性。对P2蛋白的N—端测序结果表明,N—末端24个氨基酸序列为H2N—Ala—Asn—Val—Phe—Trp-Glu—Pro—Leu—Ser—Tyr—Tyr—Asn—Pro—Ser—Thr—Trp—Gln—Lys—Ala—Asp—Gly—Tyr—Ser—Asn—。以此为靶序列在网上用BlastP程序对蛋白质序列数据库进行了类似性检索,发现其与来源于芽孢杆菌的β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶前体具有很高的同源性。进一步用此酶的特异底物地衣多糖进行了定性检测,验证了P2蛋白具有β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶的活性。在此基础上,根据P2蛋白N-末端氨基酸序列及此酶C-端保守性序列设计合成了两端引物,以WY110基因组DNA为模板,通过PCR高保真扩增获得了P2蛋白编码基因的全序列,并克隆到pMD18-T载体上。核苷酸序列分析表明,其5′端72个核苷酸序列与蛋白N-端已知的24个氨基酸序列完全吻合,序列全长为636bp(GenBank登录号：AF284449),编码212个氨基酸;与已报道的一例来源于Paenibacillus polymyxa的β—1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶基因(gluB)相比,核苷酸和氨基酸序列同源性分别为84％和88．7％。β-1,3-1,4-葡聚糖酶具有抗稻瘟病菌活性尚未见报道。P2蛋白编码基因的克隆为水稻抗病基因工程提供了有潜在应用价值的新的目的基因。     

全基因组预测多粘类芽孢杆菌SC2的分泌蛋白

为了解多粘类芽孢杆菌(Paenibacillus polymyxa)分泌蛋白的典型特征,本研究通过SignalP、ProtCompB、TMHMM、Phobius、LipoP、TatP、MEME和BLAST等多种分析程序对多粘类芽孢杆菌SC2菌株的全基因组共5 439条蛋白质序列进行生物信息的综合分析。结果表明,共获得146个具有典型信号肽的SPⅠ(Signal peptidase Ⅰ)分泌蛋白。信号肽序列中出现频率最高的氨基酸依次是亮氨酸、丙氨酸和丝氨酸。对信号肽的切割位点分析发现与枯草芽孢杆菌等一致,均为A-X-A型。通过MEME对信号肽序列进行分析发现存在一种保守基序。最后用BLAST分析发现,在146个分泌蛋白中,89个具有功能描述的分泌蛋白,主要是细胞生长代谢及生物降解酶类,其余57个皆为功能尚未明确的假定蛋白。本研究获得了多粘类芽孢杆菌SC2菌株分泌蛋白的信息,为进一步研究多粘类芽孢杆菌的蛋白功能奠定了基础。     

解淀粉芽孢杆菌抗菌活性物质的分离纯化及抑菌活性研究

植物真菌病害给农业生产带来了巨大损失,因此对生物农药的开发迫在眉睫。从堆肥中分离得到一株解淀粉芽孢杆菌,它具有强烈的抗真菌活性。其发酵液经硫酸胺沉淀得到粗提液,粗提液经Hiprep 26/10 Desalting,HiLoad 26/10 Q Sepharose和HPLC多步柱层析,分离纯化得到一种抗真菌活性物质。ESI-MS质谱法测得其分子量为1498 Da。经活性检测发现,该纯物质对尖孢镰刀菌、草莓蛇病菌等植物病原真菌具有很强的抑制作用,对毛霉、黑曲霉等食品腐败菌也有抑制作用。经过显微镜观测,该物质可造成草莓蛇病菌菌丝生长异常,表现在菌丝弯曲,顶端膨大,分生孢子数量减少。     

枯草芽孢杆菌HS-A38产抗菌脂肽Bacillomycin D的组分分析及鉴定

对一株枯草芽孢杆菌HS-A38产生的脂肽类物质进行分离鉴定及抑菌活性研究。通过酸沉淀分离和有机溶剂抽提的方法,从枯草芽孢杆菌HS-A38发酵液中得到脂肽粗提物LP,产率为1.956 g/L。利用薄层色谱和茚三酮染色法确定该脂肽粗提物中存在四个组分,分别为LP1、LP2、LP3和LP4;抑菌活性检测显示,组分LP3对两株海洋致病菌副溶血性弧菌和铜绿假单胞杆菌的活性较高。组分LP3经硅胶柱层析纯化分离后,应用反相高效液相色谱(RP-HPLC)和基质辅助激光解析电离飞行时间质谱(MALDI-TOF-MS)对该组分做进一步纯化和鉴定。分析表明,LP3样品在保留时间20 min~28 min产生单峰团LP3-1,其纯度为85.24%;经MALDI-TOF-MS分析和数据比对,组分LP3-1中的主要成分为杆菌霉素Bacillomycin D。     

一株抗真菌内生多粘芽孢杆菌的分离鉴定及对水稻恶苗病菌的抑制作用

目的：从番茄叶片中筛选具广谱抑真菌活性的拮抗内生细菌,研究其对水稻恶苗病菌的抑制作用。方法：采用对峙培养法筛选拮抗内生细菌,根据菌株形态、生理生化特性结合16S rRNA基因序列分析鉴定菌株;采用硫酸铵沉淀法提取抗菌粗蛋白,研究其对水稻恶苗病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发的影响。结果：从番茄叶片中筛选到一株抗真菌内生多粘芽孢杆菌（Paenibacillus polymyxa）SD-6,该菌株具有广谱抑菌活性,对供试的13种植物病原真菌均具较强的抑制作用;该菌株产生的抗菌粗蛋白能够显著抑制水稻恶苗病菌菌丝生长和孢子萌发,并能导致萌发孢子畸形和破裂。结论：从番茄叶片中分离到一株能产生抗真菌蛋白并具有广谱高效抑真菌作用的内生多粘芽孢杆菌,该菌株及其抗菌蛋白具有防治水稻恶苗病的潜力。     

类芽孢杆菌BD3526抑菌活性物质的初步分离及性质测定北大核心CSCD

本实验以一株类芽孢杆菌BD3526为研究对象,采用丙酮浸提菌体得到抑菌活性粗品,通过Sephadex LH-20对样品进行初步纯化,结果表明粗品对藤黄微球菌CGMCC1.1848的最低抑菌浓度(MIC)为12.5 mg/m L,对金黄色葡萄球菌CGMCC1.879和单增李斯特菌CGMCC1.9136的MIC为25 mg/m L;Sephadex LH-20纯化样品对藤黄微球CGMCC1.1848的MIC为1 mg/m L,对金黄色葡萄球菌CGMCC1.879和单增李斯特菌CGMCC1.9136的MIC为2 mg/m L。样品经链霉蛋白酶处理后,活性基本消失。经加热、酸碱、胰蛋白酶、胃蛋白酶、脂肪酶、蛋白酶K处理后,活性没有明显变化。因此,类芽孢杆菌BD3526产生的是一种细菌素类的抑菌物质,该抑菌物质在食品和医疗行业有广阔的应用前景。     

多粘芽孢杆菌204产生的高粘性多糖性质的研究

多粘芽孢杆菌(Bacillus polymyxa)204能在萄葡糖培养基中,产生具有高粘性的胞外多糖,发酵48—72h产率为12g/L。在浓度为0.6％,1.0％和1.5％时,它的粘度分别为327,3715和44650厘泊、该菌产生的胞外多糖是一种酸性多糖,它由葡萄糖、甘露糖和半乳糖组成;其克分子比为5:5:2;糖醛酸含量为5.5％;其中1％水溶液具有加热熔化、冷却后凝固的类琼脂性质。本文还讨论了浓度、pH、加热温度和时间,以及添加盐类对比多糖的影响。毒性试验证明,此多糖是无毒的,LD50>10g/kg。     

枯草芽孢杆菌B-332产抗稻瘟病菌的活性物质分析

枯草芽孢杆菌B-332能够产生具有稻瘟病菌拮抗活性的物质。通过等电点法提取该抗菌液粗提物,并利用高效液相色谱-质联用仪对粗提物进行分离纯化,共得到5个组分,它们的质荷比(m/z)分别为1 045.0、1 057.8、1 072.3、1 017.5和1 031.1,是Bacillomycin D(C14-C17)的同系物(质荷比(m/z)为1 017.5的除外),它们结构间相差1个或几个-CH2-基团;各组分均对稻瘟病菌有抑制作用,其中质荷比(m/z)为1 045.0、1 057.8、1 072.3组分的抑菌效果最强。致畸作用试验表明,这3种组分的致畸作用均为使稻瘟病菌的附着孢膨大破裂,与B-332菌株的致畸作用相同,证实了这3种组分是B-332菌株产生具有抑制稻瘟病菌作用的主要活性成分。     

多粘类芽胞杆菌利用生物柴油副产物粗甘油生产乙偶姻

研究多粘类芽胞杆菌利用廉价底物生物柴油副产物粗甘油批次发酵生产乙偶姻,考察不同pH条件、不同转速下乙偶姻、2,3-丁二醇和乙酸3种主要产物的产量,根据发酵结果设计一种三阶段溶氧调节的方法,结果表明:经76h批次发酵,乙偶姻产量为14.62 g/L,副产物2,3-丁二醇和乙酸分别为1.24和2.93 g/L;副产物量低,且易于分离,可以有效减少后期分离提取产物的成本。     

Novel pyrazine metabolites found in polymyxin biosynthesis by Paenibacillus polymyxa

A complex mixture of methyl-branched alkyl-substituted pyrazines was found in the growth medium of the polymyxin-producing bacterium Paenibacillus polymyxa, and of these, seven are new natural compounds. A total of 19 pyrazine metabolites were identified. The dominant metabolite was 2,5-diisopropylpyrazine as identified using a combination of high-resolution mass spectrometry, (1)H- and (13)C-nuclear magnetic resonance, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry as well as co-elution with an authentic standard. Its biosynthesis was correlated with growth and production was strongly stimulated by valine supplementation. The other pyrazine metabolites, all related pyrazines with either one, two or three alkyl substituents, were identified by means of their mass spectral data and/or co-elution with authentic standards.     

Influence of growth conditions on the production of extracellular proteolytic enzymes in Paenibacillus peoriae NRRL BD-62 and Paenibacillus polymyxa SCE2

AIMS: To analyse the extracellular protease profile of two Paenibacillus species, Paenibacillus peoriae and Paenibacillus polymyxa, as well as how different growth media influenced its expression. METHODS AND RESULTS: Both bacteria were cultured in five media [Luria-Bertani broth, glucose broth, thiamine/biotin/nitrogen broth (TBN), trypticase soy broth and a defined medium] for 48 h at 32 degrees C. Our results showed a heterogeneous protease secretion pattern whose expression was dependent on medium composition. However, TBN induced the most quantitative and qualitative protease production on both Paenibacillus. The proteases were detected in neutral-alkaline pH range, being totally inhibited by 1,10-phenanthroline, a zinc-metalloprotease inhibitor. We also analysed the protease expression during the growth and, at least to P. peoriae, the most elevated protease activity was measured at 96 h, in which the highest number of spores and a low concentration of viable cells were observed. CONCLUSIONS: The results presented add P. peoriae and P. polymyxa to the list of neutral-alkaline extracellular protease producers. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY: Paenibacillus species are ubiquitous in nature, are capable to form resistant spores and to produce several hydrolytic enzymes, including proteases. However, only few data concerning the production of these enzymes are available. Proteases produced by Paenibacillus strains may represent new sources for biotechnological use.     

Colonization of peanut roots by biofilm-forming Paenibacillus polymyxa initiates biocontrol against crown rot disease

Aim: To investigate the role of biofilm‐forming Paenibacillus polymyxa strains in controlling crown root rot disease. Methods and Results: Two plant growth‐promoting P. polymyxa strains were isolated from the peanut rhizosphere, from Aspergillus niger‐suppressive soils. The strains were tested, under greenhouse and field conditions for inhibition of the crown root rot pathogen of the peanut, as well as for biofilm formation in the peanut rhizosphere. The strains’ colonization and biofilm formation were further studied on roots of the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and with solid surface assays. Their crown root rot inhibition performance was studied in field and pot experiments. The strains’ ability to form biofilms in gnotobiotic and soil systems was studied employing scanning electron microscope. Conclusion: Both strains were able to suppress the pathogen but the superior biofilm former offers significantly better protection against crown rot. Significance and Impact of the Study: The study highlights the importance of efficient rhizosphere colonization and biofilm formation in biocontrol.     

Antifungal activity and biocontrol potential of Paenibacillus polymyxa HT16 against white rot pathogen (Coniella diplodiella Speq.) in table grapes

Paenibacillus polymyxa HT16 was evaluated for its ability to reduce white rot disease caused by Coniella diplodiella. HT16 showed significant inhibitory effects on C. diplodiella in vitro, reducing white rot disease in ‘Kyoho’ and ‘Thompson Seedless’ table grape varieties by more than 40% after inoculation. Liquid cultures were more effective than washed cell suspensions or cell-free supernatants, and a higher content of, and longer incubation time with, strain HT16 were more effective in reducing disease incidence. The spore germination rate and mycelial morphology of C. diplodiella were adversely affected by HT16. These results suggested that HT16 may be a promising biocontrol agent against pre-harvest and post-harvest decay in table grapes.