秦渭玫瑰精油研究

采用ISO9842和GB11538-89对在陕西渭南栽培的大马士革玫瑰“卡赞勒克”精油(工业化蒸馏法提取产品)进行了分析,结果表明,精油产品各项指标均符合ISO 9842和保加利亚БДС653标准要求。证明引种国际香型(纯甜型)玫瑰品种在陕西渭南栽培是成功的,所用精油提取工艺是合理的。     

3种不同香型玫瑰精油特性的研究

依照ISO9842和保加利亚玫瑰精油标准(БДС653),对来自陕西渭南玫瑰产区栽培的3种不同类型玫瑰精油进行了分析研究。渭玫1号精油来自保加利亚的大马士革玫瑰品科“kazanlik”,渭玫2号、3号分别是来自摩洛哥的百叶玫瑰和中国苦水玫瑰。就得油率而言,1996～2000年连续5年的平均得油率以渭玫l号最高达0．42‰,不低于在保加利亚栽培的得油率。3种精油在外观、色泽上无差异,而香气差别明显。三者分别为纯甜型、清甜型和浓甜型。GC-MS对3种精油分析表明,前二种均分析出115种成分,渭玫3号精油仅得到105种组分,三者主成分类型一致。主成分香茅醇均符合ISO9842和БДС653标准。中国传统玫瑰油渭玫3号蜡质含量相对极低,仅为渭玫1号的8％。     

玫瑰新品种—蜀玫精油化学成分的研究

用毛细管气相色谱-质谱-计算机数据处理联用技术,毛细管气相色谱保留指数它性法和标准品叠加法分析了玫瑰嫁接新品种——蜀玫(Rosa chinensis Jacq.x R.multiflora+R.rugosa Thunb.)精油的化学成分,并与接穗-素玫(Rosa rugosa cv.’Plena’)的精油成分进行了比较. 玫瑰精油是一种名贵的香料,在天然香料中占有极其重要的地位.为提高其质量国内外的育种专家对其品种的选育进行了大量的工作.金德伟等人以小叶多花藤玫(Rosa chinensis Jacq XR.mutiflora Thunb.)作为砧木,以素玫(Rosa rugosa Thunb.)作为接穗.培育出一玫瑰新品种——蜀玫(Rosa chinensis Jacq.xR.multiflora+R.rugosa Thunb.),大大地提高了玫瑰花的产量。研究其精油成分的变化以确定其品质是必不可少的.本文就其成分进行了研究。     

玫瑰精油的化学成分及其抗菌活性

通过水蒸汽同步蒸馏法提取玫瑰精油,采用GC-MS方法分析了玫瑰精油的化学组成,共鉴定出其中14个化学成分并测定其相对含量,占总含量的95.25%。香茅醇为玫瑰精油的主要成分,相对含量为90.37%。体外抑菌实验表明,玫瑰精油除对黑曲霉没有抗菌活性外,对其它7种供试菌均具有不同程度的抑制作用,其中对表皮葡萄球菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和大肠杆菌的最小抑菌浓度(MIC)为0.063%(v/v),对枯草芽孢杆菌、变形杆菌和白色念珠菌的最小抑菌浓度（MIC）为0.125%(v/v),而对绿脓杆菌(Pseudomonas aeruginosa)的抗菌活性相对较弱,MIC为0.5%(v/v)。抑菌直径结果也表明了玫瑰精油除对黑曲霉、绿脓杆菌的抗菌活性较弱外,对其它6种菌株的抑菌直径都大于8.5 mm。考察了玫瑰精油对3种敏感菌株包括金黄色葡萄球菌(革兰氏阳性菌)、大肠杆菌(革兰氏阴性菌)和白色念珠菌(真菌)的杀菌动态过程,为玫瑰精油的应用提供了理论依据。     

油用玫瑰研究进展

油用玫瑰栽培应用历史悠久,是全球重要的木本香料资源和药食同源植物,从其花瓣中提取的玫瑰精油作为重要的香料原料已广泛应用于日化、医药和食品行业。玫瑰精油的品质主要受玫瑰的品种类型、产地条件和提取工艺等综合因素的影响。我国油用玫瑰资源非常丰富,但玫瑰精油的深加工技术起步较晚,针对我国栽培油用玫瑰资源特性及玫瑰精油的应用现状还鲜有归纳,本文对油用玫瑰的主要栽培类型和现状,玫瑰精油提取技术、相关行业标准、化学成分及功能活性进行了系统的归纳总结,并从油用玫瑰资源的挖掘与利用、精油提取技术研发与优化、精油相关标准的完善、产品应用领域的拓展和功能活性评价体系的建立等方面提出参考建议,以期为我国玫瑰产业的发展提供参考,为我国蔷薇属植物资源的创新利用提供理论指导。     

商州产大马士革玫瑰精油研究

采用ISO9842:2003玫瑰油标准,对陕西商州引种的保加利亚主栽玫瑰品种“Kazanluk”(RosadamascenaMiller)精油进行分析。结果表明,该玫瑰精油香气具有天然玫瑰花香,香气细腻、柔和、飘逸。油为液体,淡黄色,相对密度(20/20℃)0.8599,折光指数(20℃)1.4592,旋光度(20℃)-4.3°,冻点20.6℃,酯值11.9,这些物理指标达到了标准要求。大量主香成分相对含量:乙醇0.5%,香茅醇45.5%,橙花醇4.5%,香叶醇7.6%,苯乙醇2.9%,十七烷烃1.13%,十九烷烃15.5%,二十一烷烃5.0%。这些成分含量与原产地保加利亚玫瑰油成分范围有一定差异,但与摩洛哥同类玫瑰油标准相符,可以作为商品油在国际市场销售。     

金叶含笑中芳香精油成分的气相色谱-质谱分析

采用气相色谱-质谱(GC-MS)技术分别分析了水蒸气同步蒸馏法提取的南岭国家保护区内野生金叶含笑叶中的冷凝管顶部选出的易挥发性主要组分和精油主体中的主要成分.鲜叶中精油含量达到0.56%(V/W),其易挥发的主要组分有15种,精油主体中相对含量≥0.10%的主要组分有40种,精油中含量最大的组分是桉叶油醇和桉叶油-4(15),7-二烯-1-β-醇,相对含量分别达到49.70%和13.74%.     

中国的四种玫瑰精油化学成分比较

采用毛细管气相色谱分离,毛细管气相色谱-质谱和气相色谱Kovats保留指数双重鉴定的方法,对山东平阴、甘肃苦水、青海乐都和甘肃兰州玫瑰精油化学成分进行了组成和相对含量的研究和比较,在此基础上提出了这四种玫瑰精油的质量排序。     

云南引种的玫瑰天竺葵精油主要化学成份分析

玫瑰天竺葵从摩洛哥引入云南已试种成功,并开始大面积推广。其各生长期精油分析结果表明,随月份的推移,香叶醇含量下降。其香气特征与云南产香叶天竺葵(Pelargonium graveolens)精油不同,更接近印度波尔蓬香叶油的香气。     

玫瑰精油芬芳的诱惑

玫瑰以美丽的色泽、诱人的香味被人们喜爱。玫瑰花香优雅、柔和、细腻,甜香若蜜、芬芳四溢,这得益于玫瑰花中含有的芬芳物质,这种芬芳物质被提取出来之后就是玫瑰精油。如果说玫瑰是花中的皇后,那么玫瑰精油就是皇后皇冠上璀璨夺目的宝石。玫瑰精油是世界上用途最广泛的香料之一,尤其是对肌肤的绝佳保养效果和对很多疾病卓越的疗效,使得玫瑰精油有“精油之后”之美称,成为鲜花油之冠。     

Composition of rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa thunb.) hydrolate according to the time of distillation

Rugosa rose (Rosa rugosa Thunb.) is one of the most common rose species in Poland. It has mild soil and climate requirements and is resistant to low temperatures. Rugosa rose hips are a valuable raw material used in food and pharmaceutical industries, while flowers and petals may be a source of fragrant products, such as essential oil and hydrolate. The main aim of this study was to verify usefulness of dried R. rugosa petals for essential oil and hydrolate production. We also assessed the use of rugosa rose petals remaining after oil distillation for hydrolate production.The R. rugosa dried petals immersed in water were subjected to simple distillation and five fractions of primary rose hydrolate were obtained. In parallel, essential oil from the second sample of petals was obtained by hydrodistillation in Clevenger-type apparatus. The distillation residue was used for obtaining four fractions of secondary hydrolate. The volatiles from hydrolate fractions were isolated by liquid–liquid extraction with diethyl ether. The essential oil and hydrolate volatiles were analyzed by GC–FID–MS.Hydrolate fractions contained similar amounts of volatiles (20–30 mg/L) with the exception of the first fraction of primary hydrolate (60 mg/L). β-Phenylethanol, citronellol, geraniol, and nerol were the main volatile constituents of primary hydrolate. β-Phenylethanol, citronellic acid, and geranic acid were the main volatile constituents of secondary hydrolate. The content of alcohols decreased, while the content of monoterpene esters (citronellyl, neryl, and geranyl acetate) as well as monoterpene acids (citronellic, neric, and geranic acid) increased in successive fractions of both hydrolates.The scent and composition of essential oil and hydrolate obtained from R. rugosa petals were similar to those of rose oil and rose water produced from damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.). This proves, that rugosa rose distillation products may become an alternative to fragrant damask rose products.     

Antibacterial properties and major bioactive components of Mentha piperita essential oils against bacterial fruit blotch of watermelon

Plant-derived essential oil is an alternative to antibiotics, eliminating the concern of developing antibiotic-resistant bacterial strains. In this study, using the half-divided Petri plate assays, 32 volatile essential oils were screened for their antibacterial activity against Acidovorax citrulli (Acc). Sweet basil and peppermint oils were the most effective against Acc, with subsequent trials showing that peppermint oil to be the most active. Using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry, the major compositions of peppermint oil were analysed. Among the various compositions of peppermint oil, menthol, neomenthol, isopulegone and 1,8-cineole were significantly active against Acc and each component at 0.2% concentration inhibited all bacterial growth. This study demonstrated in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of peppermint oil and its active components against Acc. These results suggest the use of peppermint oil as a potential antibacterial agent to treat seed with Acc.     

蝴蝶果根、果仁挥发油化学成分的研究

采用水蒸气蒸馏法从大戟科蝴蝶果的根和果仁中提取挥发油,用气相色谱-质谱联用技术对挥发油化学成分进行分析,并应用面积归一化法测定各成分的相对百分含量。从根中鉴定出23种化合物,占总油量的100%,其主要成分为十六烷酸(18.74%)、(Z,Z)9,12-十八碳二烯酸(12.81%)、1,2-苯二羧酸双(2-甲基丙基)酯(10.59%)、二丁基邻苯二甲酸酯(7.42%)及二十四烷(6.72%)。从果仁中鉴定出17种化合物,占总油量的100%,主要成分为(E-)-9-十八碳烯酸(23.15%)、正十六烷酸(21.20%)、(Z,Z)-9,12-十八碳二烯酸(19.26%)及3-甲基十七烷(6.80%)。     

槲寄生挥发性成分研究

目的：研究槲寄生挥发性成分。方法：利用水蒸汽蒸馏法提取槲寄生挥发性成分,用GC/MS进行分离测定,结合计算机检索技术对分离的化合物进行结构鉴定,应用色谱峰面积归一化法计算各成分的相对百分含量。结果：分离出119个成分,确定了66个化合物,占挥发油总量的77．31％。结论：槲寄生挥发性成分大于2％的化学成分有12种。     

Essential Oils of Ferulago glareosa Kandemir&Hedge Roots and Aerial Parts: PCA and HCA Analyses

Ferulago glareosa Kandemir & Hedge. is an endemic species of the family Apiaceae for Turkey and has interesting morphological characteristics compared to the other members of the genus Ferulago Koch. In this study we investigated the essential oil compositions of the roots and aerial parts of F. glareosa for the first time and compared them with essential oil compositions of the roots and aerial parts of other species of the genus. In our study, major components of the essential oil of the roots were determined to be 2,3,6-trimethylbenzaldehyde (32.2 %), falcarinol (23.7 %), hexadecanoic acid (9.5 %) and 2,5-dimethoxy-p-cymene (5.9 %); and major components of the essential oil of the aerial parts were found to be α-pinene (33.7 %), p-cymene (14.8 %), γ-terpinene (13.2 %), (Z)-β-ocimene (12.4 %) and terpinolene (8.2 %). The essential oil compositions of F. glareosa root compare with essential oils components in the literature differ varies greatly. Hierarchical Cluster Analysis (HCA) was performed with Minitab software, utilizing 8 major components in the published 20 literatures, as well as in this study. Principal Component Analyses (PCA) were used in order to demonstrate chemotaxonomical variations in the composition of the essential oils of Ferulago species.     

阔叶百里香鲜、干茎叶精油成分及其抑菌效果

采用水蒸气蒸馏法和气相色谱-质谱联用技术(GC-MS)分析阔叶百里香(Thymus pulegioides)鲜、干茎叶精油含油率、化学组成及其相对含量的差异,并比较精油对链格孢(Alternaria alternata)、粉红单端孢(Trichothecium roseum)和意大利青霉(Penicillium italicum)的抑制效果。鲜、干茎叶含精油率分别为0.53%、0.37%,分别鉴定出35、40种化合物,其主要化学成分相同,均含有百里香酚(鲜样31.30%,干样26.82%)、麝香草酚甲醚、右旋龙脑和邻伞花烃等,只是相对含量略有差异;在抑菌实验中,百里香精油对链格孢菌的抑制作用最为明显,其次是意大利青霉和粉红单端孢。鲜、干阔叶百里香精油的组分较为接近,相对含量略有差异;阔叶百里香精油对3种真菌具有较好的抑制效果,且鲜样精油的抑菌效果好于干样精油。     

Attractiveness to Anastrepha ludens (Diptera: Tephritidae) of plant essential oils and a synthetic food-odour lure

Abstract:  Experiments were conducted in a citrus orchard to investigate the attractiveness of 26 plant essential oils individually and in combination with a synthetic food odour lure to the Mexican fruit fly, Anastrepha ludens Loew. Anise, rose/grape seed, and tea tree oils were more attractive than unbaited traps but none approached the attractiveness of Advanced Pheromone Technologies' AFF lure, a synthetic food-odour lure that emits several nitrogenous chemicals attractive to this fly. Traps baited with most of the oils were less attractive than unbaited traps. Rose/grape seed oil and pure-rose oil enhanced attractiveness of AFF lures to both males and females by about 68%. Grape seed oil did not enhance the attractiveness of AFF lures demonstrating that rose oil was the active component of the rose/grape seed oil. No other oil enhanced attractiveness of AFF lures and most decreased attraction to AFF lures. The possibility that highly attractive chemicals may be present in rose oil as minor components is discussed. Traps baited with the combination of clove bud oil and the AFF lure captured only 3% as many flies as traps baited only with the AFF lure indicating that clove bud oil is highly repellent to Mexican fruit flies.     

阿维菌素与植物精油复配对朱砂叶螨杀螨的增效作用研究

为了得到对朱砂叶螨(Tetranychuscinnabarinus)具有较好杀螨活性的植物精油与阿维菌素复配配方,并为杀螨剂开发应用提供指导,本研究采用喷雾法测定了柠檬草、广藿香、山鸡椒、亚洲薄荷植物精油及阿维菌素对朱砂叶螨的毒力,分别采用共毒因子法和共毒系数法评价了山鸡椒和亚洲薄荷精油对阿维菌素的增效作用和复配最佳配比.结果表明,柠檬草精油和广藿香精油基本无杀螨活性,山鸡椒精油、亚洲薄荷精油处理朱砂叶螨24h后LC50分别为772.801mg/L和1040.187mg/L.阿维菌素与亚洲薄荷1∶272,1∶679复配具有增效作用.阿维菌素与亚洲薄荷1∶400复配时共毒系数最大,可达160.因此,阿维菌素与亚洲薄荷1∶400复配防治朱砂叶螨具有明显增效作用,这为杀螨剂的开发应用研究提供了参考.     

乙醇法提取桃花精油的工艺研究及桃花精油的成分分析

本文研究了用乙醇法提取桃花精油,通过正交试验的方法得到了乙醇抽提桃花精油的较优工艺条件,对其多酚和黄酮含量进行了测定,并对所得的桃花精油进行了气相色谱质谱(GC-MS)分析。结果表明,对乙醇提取桃花精油影响最大的因素是抽提时间,其次是料液比,影响最小的是桃花形态。乙醇抽提桃花精油的较优工艺条件是抽提时间为6h,料液比为1∶150(m∶V),桃花形态为粉末。此时,黄酮含量为0.24%,多酚含量为0.067%。桃花精油含有大量的酯、酸、酰胺和腈类化合物以及少量的酚、酮和多糖。