大花红景天正丁醇提取物的化学成分研究

从云南产大花红景天（Rhodiola crenulata（Hook．f.et．Thoms）．S．H．Fu）植物的正丁醇提取物中分离得到五个化合物,经光谱和波谱解析,分别为大花红天素、酪醇、红景天苷、德钦红景天苷和草质素7-O-（3″-O-β-D-葡萄糖基）-α-L-鼠李糖苷,其中德钦红景天苷为首次在大花红景天中发现的黄酮类化合物。     

迷迭香水溶性物质及抗菌活性研究

采用硅胶柱色谱等方法对迷迭香水溶性提取物进行分离纯化,用^13C NMR、^1H NMR、Ms等方法鉴定出3个化合物：迷迭香酸（1）、香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甙（2）、木犀草素（3）,其中香叶木素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖醛酸甙为首次从该植物中发现。对化合物2进行体外抑菌实验,结果为：对金色葡萄球菌和枯草芽孢杆菌均有一定的抑菌作用。     

唐古特白刺黄酮类化合物的研究

唐古特白刺(Nitraria tangutorum Boler)系蒺藜科白刺属植物,民间用于治疗脾胃虚弱,消化不良,神经衰弱,感冒等症,其化学成分研究尚未见文献报道。本文报道从唐古特白刺种子中分得6个黄酮类化合物:异鼠李素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙、山奈素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙、异鼠李素-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖甙、槲皮素-7-O-α-L-鼠李糖甙、异鼠李糖、槲皮素。前4个化合物首次从该属植物中分得,它们的存在对我国白刺属植物分类将有一定意义。     

细雀梅藤的黄酮类成分及其初步活性筛选

从鼠李科雀梅藤属植物细雀梅藤(Sageretia gracilis)根茎中分离得到9个化合物,经波谱分析鉴定了它们的结构。除十八烷酸、三十羧酸甲酯和胡萝卜苷外还有6个黄酮类成分,其结构分别鉴定为：maesopsin(1),maesopsin-6-O-β-D-glucopyranoside(2),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇（3）,5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-阿拉伯呋喃糖苷(4),5,7,4′-三羟基-二氢黄酮醇-3-O-α-L-鼠李吡喃糖苷(5),5,7,4′-三羟基-黄酮醇(6),其中化合物4为一新化合物。分别对其乙醇提取物、水提取物、石油醚萃取部位、乙酸乙酯萃取部位、正丁醇萃取部位和化合物1、5、6进行了抗细菌、抗真菌、抗肿瘤、抗骨质疏松和溶血栓等、6个模型的活性筛选,结果表明正丁醇萃取部位具有一定的抗细菌活性,其IC50为74．9μg／ml,水提取物具有一定的抗真菌活性,其IC50为13．8μg／ml。     

连香树树皮化学成分的研究

从连香树（Cercidiphyllum japonicum Sieb. et Zucc.）树皮中分离到8个化合物。其中7个为黄酮醇,1个为酚酸类成分。经理化测定和波谱解析,分别鉴定为5,7-二羟基-3,8,4′-三甲氧基黄酮 (Ⅰ)、3,5,7-三羟基-8,4′-二甲氧基黄酮 (Ⅱ)、5,7,4′-三羟基-3,8-二甲氧基黄酮 (Ⅲ)、3,5,7,4′-四羟基-8-甲氧基黄酮 (Ⅳ)、3,5,7,4′-四羟基黄酮 (Ⅴ)、5,7-二羟基-8,4′-二甲氧基黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖甙 (Ⅶ)、5,7,4′-三羟基-8-甲氧基黄酮-3-O-葡萄糖甙 (Ⅷ)和没食子酸乙酯 (Ⅵ)。其中化合物Ⅶ为未见报道的新化合物。除化合物Ⅴ外,其余化合物均为首次从该属植物中分得。     

兖州卷柏化学成分及体外抗菌活性研究

本文研究兖州卷柏Selaginella involvens Spring.的化学成分及体外抗菌活性.运用反复色谱层析进行纯化分离得到7个化合物,经波谱解析结合理化鉴定确定化合物结构为:正十六烷酸(1),正十八烷酸(2),β-谷甾醇(3),豆甾醇(4),穗花杉双黄酮(5),β-D-glucopyranoside,(3β)-cholest-5-en-3yl(6),β-香树脂醇(7).化合物1～7均首次从该植物中分离得到,6和7首次从该属植物中分离得到.此外研究了化合物5、6和7的体外抗菌活性.化合物5、6和7可能为兖州卷柏抗肺炎病菌的主要物质基础.     

黄毛楤木皂甙的分离鉴定

从黄毛楤木(Aralia decaisneana Hance)根皮分得3种皂甙(Ad-Ⅰ、Ad-Ⅱ、Ad-Ⅲ)和1种由 Ad-Ⅲ水解得到的次级甙(Ad-Ⅳ),经光谱(IR、FAB-MS、~1H-NMR、~(13)C-NMR)和化学分析(酸、碱水解法),分别鉴定为楤木皂甙 A、3-O-[α-L-阿拉伯呋哺糖-(1→4)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸]-齐墩果酸甙、3-O-[β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸]-齐墩果酸-28-O-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖甙、3-O-[-β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→4)-β-D-半乳吡喃糖-(1→3)-β-D-葡萄吡喃糖醛酸]-齐墩果酸甙。前两种皂甙系首次从该植物分得,后两种为新化合物。     

荔枝草抗氧化部位的化学成分研究

目的:研究荔枝草抗氧化部位的化学成分及单体化合物的抗氧化活性.方法:采用HP-20大孔树脂、硅胶、Sephadex LH-20及中压制备等手段,对荔枝草抗氧化部位进行分离纯化.根据理化性质和核磁、质谱数据解析化合物的结构;采用清除DPPH自由基和还原力实验测试总黄酮和单体化合物的抗氧化能力.结果:分离得到5个黄酮类化合物:楔叶泽兰素(1),高车前素(2),高车前苷(3),假荆芥属苷(4),5,7,4’-三羟基-6-甲氧基-二氢黄酮-7-O-β-D-葡萄糖苷(5)和2个苯丙素类化合物:咖啡酸(6)和迷迭香酸(7);抗氧化活性研究表明总黄酮和化合物均具有明显的抗氧化活性.结论:化合物5首次从野生荔枝草中分离得到,化合物7首次从该属分离得到;系统地分析了提取物和组分的抗氧化活性.     

青蕨植物化学成分的研究

从青蕨根部的乙酸乙酯提取物中分离得到4个化合物。通过化学及波谱分析鉴定其结构为：saucerneol D(1),dehydrogoniothalamin(2),1-acetoxyl-2-piperonyl-6-[6-methoxyl-piperonyl]3,7-dioxabicyclo-[3,3,0]-octane(3) and 5,5′-dihydroxy-3-methoxy-6,8,3″,3″-tetramethylpyran-(3′,4′)flavone-7-O-[β—D—apiofuranosyl-(1→6)]-β-D-glucopyranoside(4)。其中化合物(4)为新化合物,化合物(1)为首次从该属植物中分离得到。     

Partial Purification of Intra- and Extra-cellular Cellulases from Pyricularia oryzae: with Reference to Optimum pH at Alkaline Side

In order to elucidate the relation between the difference in cellulase activity among various strains of P. oryzae and the optimum pH at alkaline side, and also to know the relation between the intra- and extra-cellulases, the elution patterns of the enzymes from the Sephadex G–100 column were compared and the occurrence of the enzyme fractions showing the optimum pH at alkaline side was investigated.

The elution patterns of the intracellular cellulases were shown to be relatively constant, but those of the extracellular enzymes did not. The peak e appeared comparatively constant, but the peak c was considered to undergo some change during the excretion into the medium.

The optimum pH at alkaline side was shown to occur in the peak e among five peaks on Sephadex G–100 of the partially purified intra- and extra-cellular cellulases. The peak seems to be significant for P. oryzae.     

Dopamine release from nerve endings induced by polysialogangliosides

Polysialogangliosides but not monosialoganlioside or a neutral glycosphingolipid induce release of [³H] -dopamine from synaptosomes in presence of Ca⁺⁺, presumably by exocytosis. This effect is discussed in relation to the ability of polysialogangliosides to induce membrane fusion in chicken erythrocytes and to their behaviour in lipid monolayers. It is suggested that characteristic interactions with phosphatidylcholine involving decreases of surface potential are participating in the polysialoganglioside-induced neurotransmitter release.     

朗德鹅胆汁的化学成分及金属蛋白酶抑制活性研究

应用多种色谱技术进行分离纯化,从朗德鹅胆汁85％乙醇提取物中分离得到6个化合物。经理化性质和光谱数据分析鉴定为苯乙酸（1）、鹅去氧胆酸（2）、鹅去氧胆酸乙酯（3）、棕榈酸-α-单甘油酯（4）、顺-6-十八碳烯酸（5）、（4E）-2-[2＇-hydroxyhexadecanoylamino]-4-octadecane-1,3-diol（6）。化合物1、3、4和6为首次从该属动物胆汁中分得,其中化合物6为首次从陆生动物胆汁中分得的一种神经酰胺类成分。首次对化合物2、4和5进行抑制金属蛋白酶活性的实验,评价了三个化合物的生物活性。     

Endo-beta-galactosidase of Escherichia freundii. Hydrolysis of pig colonic mucin and milk oligosaccharides by endoglycosidic action.

The purified keratansulfate degrading enzyme from $\text{Eschericia freundii}$ could hydrolyze desialyzed pig colonic mucin and milk oligosaccharides. Desialyzed pig colonic mucin was digested to produce GlcNAcβ(1→3)Gal, GlcNAc-6Sβ(1→3)Gal and resistant polymer. Lacto-N-tetraose and lacto-N-tetraitol were hydrolyzed endoglycosidically to release glucose and sorbitol, respectively. Therefore, this enzyme was found to be an endo-β-galactosidase of rather wide specificity.     

Studies on the Structures of Two New Triterpene Saponins C and D from Polygala japoni-ca Houtt

Two new triterpene saponins C and D have been isolated from the aerial parts of Polygala japonica Houtt. Their molecular formulas: C42H68O15 were structural isomers of each other. Acid hydrolysis of the two saponins all produced a sapogenin (2a, 3a, 24-trihydroxyo-lean-12-ene-28-oic acid) and D-glucoses. But only the saponin D could be hydrolyzed in the alkaline solution, the products were identical with those from acid hydrolysis. Their structures have been established by means of 1HNMR,13CNMR and MS as 3-O-[β-D-glucopyranosyl(l→2)β-D-glucopyranosyl] 2α, 3α, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid, 28-O-[β-D-glucopy-ranosyl (1→2)-β-D-glucopyranosyl] 2α, 3α, 24-trihydroxyolean-12-ene-28-oic acid.     

Abnormal ganglioside accumulation in cultured fibroblasts from patients with mucolipidosis IV.

Extracts of cultured skin fibroblasts derived from patients with mucolipidosis IV showed a marked increase and altered distribution of GM₃ and GD₃ gangliosides. GD₃ is elevated 1.5–2 times that of normal whereas GM₃ is elevated to a lesser extent. No abnormalities were found in the neutral glycolipids. These two gangliosides apparently comprise most of the accumulated lipid-like material observed on ultrastructural analysis in this disease.     

Antibacterial properties of bile acid oxazoline compounds

Chenooxazoline³ (50–100 μM) inhibited (>50%) both 7α and 7β-dehydroxylase activities in whole cells and cell extracts of $\text{Eubacterium}$ sp. V.P.I. 12708. Chenooxazoline (>50 μM) and methylchenooxazoline (>25 μM) but not lithooxazoline (≤100 μM) inhibited growing cultures of $\text{Eubacterium}$ sp. V.P.I. 12708. Chenooxazoline (100 μM) also inhibited the growth of certain members of the genera $\text{Eubacterium}$, $\text{Clostridium}$, $\text{Bacteroides}$ and $\text{Staphylococcus}$ but not $\text{Pseudomonas}$, $\text{Escherichia}$, $\text{Salmonella}$ or the eucaryotic microorganism, $\text{Saccharomyces cerevisiae}$ (_< 400 μM).