白灵侧耳漆酶分离纯化及其酶学性质研究

为了探索白灵侧耳Pleurotus eryngii var.tuoliensis漆酶性质,以白灵侧耳菌株00485为试验材料,从发酵液中分离纯化得到胞外漆酶并对其酶学性质进行测定。纯化流程依次为DEAE-Cellulose阴离子交换层析,CM-Cellulose阳离子交换层析,SP-Sepharose强阳离子交换层析以及Superdex 75凝胶过滤层析,获得胞外白灵侧耳漆酶(Pn Lac)。SDS-PAGE检测结果表明Pn Lac为65k Da的单一蛋白。Pn Lac经过胰蛋白酶水解得到3种肽段,经过NBCI-BLAST后发现它们与糙皮侧耳、环柄韧伞、刺芹侧耳等的漆酶具有同源性。底物为2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐(ABTS)时该种漆酶的最适反应温度和p H分别为50℃和3.0,Ca2+和Hg2+能够抑制它的活性,相反地Cu2+和Mn2+能够提高它的活性,米氏常数Km和Vmax分别是0.17mmol/L和1.76OD/min/U。     

毛栓菌漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

对毛栓菌产漆酶的分离、纯化及酶学性质进行研究。粗酶液经硫酸铵盐析、透析、DEAE-Sepharose柱层析,得到2种漆酶同工酶LacA和LacB。LacA和LacB回收率分别为17.1%和2.74%。SDS-PAGE电泳测得2漆酶的分子量分别为54.6 ku和7.7 ku;LacA和LacB最适作用温度分别为50℃和60℃;最适反应pH值分别为4.5和4.0;Cu2＋、Mg2＋对LacA有激活作用,对LacB影响不大;Ag＋对LacA和LacB表现为完全抑制;Fe3＋对LacA和LacB有一定的抑制作用;Ca2＋、Mn2＋、K＋、Na＋、Zn2＋对LacA和LacB影响不大。DTT、EDTA、DMSO、SDS对酶均有不同程度的抑制作用,且随其浓度的升高抑制作用增强。     

大球盖菇漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质研究

从大球盖菇Sr-01菌株液体发酵液中分离漆酶,研究温度、pH和金属离子对酶活的影响。采用硫酸铵分级沉淀、Q-Sepharose阴离子交换层析和Superdex 200凝胶过滤层析对大球盖菇漆酶进行分离纯化。以ABTS[2,2-连氮基-双-（3-乙基苯并二氢噻唑啉-6-磺酸）]为底物,分光光度法测定酶活。结果表明,纯化后的漆酶比活力为152.79 U/mg,回收率为35.8%。SDS-PAGE显示该漆酶为单体蛋白,相对分子质量约40 kD。该漆酶的最适反应温度和pH分别为35℃和4.0,Mg²⁺、Cu²⁺对酶活有激活作用,Fe²⁺、Cd²⁺、Hg²⁺则有显著抑制作用。在最优反应条件下,纯化后的漆酶比活力可达222.93 U/mg。     

灵芝EIM-40漆酶的分离纯化及酶学性质

采用冻干浓缩、（NH4）2S04盐析、HiTrapphenyl（FF）疏水层析和QSepharose FastFlow离子交换层析对灵芝EIM-40发酵液进行分离纯化,获得纯化漆酶,纯化倍数为14．6,回收率为5．3％。SDS-PAGE银染的结果为单一条带,相对分子质量约为6．53×104。以愈创木酚和2,2-联氮-二（3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸）二铵盐（ABTS）为催化底物进行酶学性质研究,最适pH分别为4．8和4．5,最适温度分别为55和50℃,2种底物在pH4．0。5．0范围内,温度低于50℃时,酶的稳定性都很好。以愈创木酚为底物,Km=645．0umol／L;以ABTS为底物,Km=22．2txmol／L。Cu2＋对该酶起激活作用,Fe2＋、Ca2＋、Ba2＋则完全抑制酶的活性。     

不同真菌漆酶的性质研究

为了更好开发利用漆酶,用邻联甲苯胺法比较分析了彩绒革盖菌、毛栓菌和多孔菌在液体培养时的产酶曲线、酶作用的最适pH值、最适酶解温度及无机离子对酶活的影响。结果表明,不同漆酶产酶曲线不同,彩绒革盖菌和多孔菌,第9d达产酶高峰,峰值活力分别达395.6u/ml和412.2u/ml;毛栓菌,第11d达到产酶高峰,峰值本科活较不同真菌漆酶的性质研究高达554.6u/ml。漆酶性质有明显差别,最适酶解温度不同,彩绀革盖菌和多孔菌漆酶最适酶解温度为25℃;毛栓菌为30℃;最适酶解pH值有差异,彩绒革盖菌漆酶最适酶解,pH值为4.5,毛栓菌为4.0,多孔菌为4.2;不同离子对酶活的影响不同;K^、Zn^2 、对彩绒革盖菌所产漆酶有激活作用;K^ 、Zn^2 、Cu^2 对毛栓菌所产漆酶有激活作用;Mn^2 、Mg^2 对多孔菌所产漆酶有激活作用;Ag^ 、Fe^3 对三种菌所产漆本科均有明显抑制作用。     

黏细菌漆酶序列筛选及其重组酶酶学性质

漆酶是一种应用广泛的绿色环保的多酚氧化酶。漆酶过去被认为广泛存在于植物、昆虫和真菌中,而近年来,越来越多的细菌中也发现了漆酶的存在。黏细菌是一类重要的资源菌,但与一般细菌相比,较难分离和纯化。文中利用生物信息学的方法,综合应用Blast和隐马尔可夫模型方法对黏细菌蛋白质组数据库进行搜索,并根据多铜氧化酶的保守铜离子结合位点进行进一步筛选,获得30个候选黏细菌漆酶序列。挑选其中9个,在大肠杆菌中进行重组表达。利用2,6-甲氧基苯酚(DMP)等常用漆酶底物检测重组酶的催化氧化活性,其中7个重组蛋白具有漆酶催化活性。选择1个对2,6-甲氧基苯酚(DMP)具有较高氧化活性的重组酶(命名为rSC-2),通过Ni-NTA亲和层析柱纯化rSC-2,测试其酶学性质。纯化的rSC-2蛋白分子量约57 kDa,在最适反应条件下,rSC-2催化DMP反应的比酶活为0.27 U/mg。催化DMP反应的最适温度为60℃,最适pH为7.0。rSC-2在pH 7.0-8.0有较高酶活,在60℃孵育1 h保留50%以上剩余酶活。低浓度的Ca~(2+)对酶活有一定的促进作用,而较高浓度的Fe~(3+)、Co~(2+)、Ba~(2+)对酶活的抑制作用较明显。这是首次对黏细菌漆酶序列进行系统性的生物信息学分析,并实现纤维堆囊菌Sorangium cellulosum序列来源的漆酶活性蛋白在大肠杆菌细胞中重组表达。     

白腐菌产漆酶的纯化及部分酶学性质

对白腐菌W 1产生的漆酶粗酶液通过超滤浓缩、分子筛和离子交换层析进行纯化 .用SDS PAGE证明该酶的分子量大约为 6 2 4kD .等电聚焦电泳显示该酶的等电点为 3 5 .酶反应的最适温度为 5 0℃ ,最适pH值为 4 5 .此酶氧化DMP的Km 值为 3 84× 10 -5mol L .金属离子对酶活的影响很大 ,其中K+ 、Mn2 + 、Ag+ 对酶活有促进作用 ,Fe2 + 、Fe3 + 、Hg2 + 、Co2 + 、Ba2 + 等对酶活有明显的抑制作用 .酶对部分染料也有一定的脱色效果     

一株产漆酶细菌的分离鉴定及酶学性质研究

[目的]分离获得产漆酶的细菌菌株,研究漆酶的酶学性质并应用于染料脱色.[方法]利用含铜的富集培养基筛选产漆酶细菌;通过形态特征、生理生化试验及16SrDNA序列分析等方法进行鉴定;以丁香醛连氮为底物测定漆酶的酶学性质;通过测定染料在最大吸收波长下吸光值的变化评价漆酶对染料的脱色效果.[结果]从森林土壤中筛选到一株漆酶高产菌株LS05,初步鉴定为解淀粉芽孢杆菌(Bacillus amyloliquefaciens);菌株LS05的芽孢漆酶以丁香醛连氮为底物的最适pH为6.6,最适温度为70℃;该酶具有较好的稳定性,经70℃处理10h或在pH 9.0条件下放置10d后可保留活性.对抑制剂SDS和EDTA具有一定的抗性,在碱性条件下可有效脱色不同的工业染料,RB亮蓝、活性黑和靛红1h内的脱色率达93％以上.[结论]Bacillus amyloliquefaciens LS05的芽孢漆酶在高温和碱性条件下稳定性强,相对于真菌漆酶具有更好的工业应用特性,可有效用于工业染料废水的处理.     

漆酶在磁性壳聚糖微球上的固定及其酶学性质研究

以磁性壳聚糖微球为载体,戊二醛为交联剂,共价结合制备固定化漆酶。探讨了漆酶固定化的影响因素,并对固定化漆酶的性质进行了研究。确定漆酶固定化适宜条件为：50 mg磁性壳聚糖微球,加入10mL 0.8mg/mL 漆酶磷酸盐缓冲液（0.1mol/L,pH 7.0）,在4℃固定2h。固定化酶最适pH为3.0, 最适温度分别为10℃和55℃,均比游离酶降低5℃。在pH 3.0,温度37℃时,固定化酶对ABTS的表观米氏常数为171.1μmol/L。与游离酶相比,该固定化漆酶热稳定性明显提高,并具有良好的操作和存储稳定性。     

Extracellular Laccase Produced by an Edible Basidiomycetous Mushroom,Grifola frondosa: Purification and Characterization

A major laccase isozyme (Lac 1) was isolated from the culture fluid of an edible basidiomycetous mushroom, Grifola frondosa. Lac 1 was revealed to be a monomeric protein with a molecular mass of 71 kDa. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of Lac 1 was highly similar to those of laccases of some other white-rot basidiomycetes. Lac 1 showed the typical absorption spectrum of a copper-containing enzyme. The enzyme was stable in a wide pH range (4.0 to 10.0), and lost no activity up to 60 °C for 60 min. The optimal pH of the enzyme activity varied among substrates. The K _m values of Lac 1 toward 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), 2,6-dimethoxyphenol, guaiacol, catechol, and 3,4-dihydroxy-L-phenylalanine were 0.0137 mM, 0.608 mM, 0.531 mM, 2.51 mM, and 0.149 mM respectively. Lac 1 activity was remarkably inhibited by the chloride ion, in a reversible manner. Lac 1 activity was also inhibited by thiol compounds.     

Heterologous expression of two minor laccase isozyme cDNAs from the edible mushroom Grifola frondosa

Two cDNAs encoding the minor laccase isozymes (Lac2 and Lac3) of Grifola frondosa were cloned, characterized, and expressed in Pichia pastoris. The recombinant Lac2 (rLac2) was stable at pH 6.0, whereas the recombinant Lac3 (rLac3) was stable in a broad pH range (pH 4.0–8.0). In addition, rLac2 and rLac3 showed the highest catalytic efficiency (k_cat/K_m) for 2,2′-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid).     

灰树花生长发育过程中的几种胞外酶活性变化

胞外CMC酶、FP酶、HC酶活性高峰出现于子实体的成熟期;胞外淀粉酶活性在菌丝生长的前期阶段较高,以后逐渐下降;胞外漆酶活性在菌丝生长阶段一直较高,原基形成后逐渐下降;胞外过氧化物酶活性在菌丝生长阶段较高,子实体生长发育阶段明显下降,子实体成熟后消失.     

彩绒革盖菌CV-8胞外漆酶的诱导、纯化及部分性质研究

为探讨彩绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor)漆酶的生产条件和性质,对其进行了硫酸铵盐析、半透膜透析、DEAE-纤维素离子交换、Sephadex G100柱层析纯化,粗酶液被纯化36.1倍,比活力10180u/mg,回收率44.6%。凝胶过滤法测定酶的分子量为62kDa。研究了漆酶的产酶曲线及酶作用最适条件。结果表明在该培养条件下,彩绒革盖菌第11d达产酶高峰,峰值酶活为398u/ml,酶作用的最适pH值为4.6,最适温度为25℃,Mg2 、Mn2 、Cu2 对漆酶有激活作用,而Ag 、Fe3 和Cl-则抑制漆酶活性。以邻联甲苯胺为底物的表观Km值为892×10-3mol/L。该菌可作为木质素降解和环保工业漆酶生产菌种。     

灰树花提取物清除氧自由基的研究

采用化学发光法比较了灰树花各提取物对超氧阴离子自由基、羟基自由基的清除效果。研究结果表明,灰树花子实体和菌丝体的提取物对羟基自由基均有很好的清除作用,灰树花菌丝体水提物(GFME)、灰树花子实体水提物(GFE)、灰树花子实体水提多糖(GFP)、灰树花子实体碱提多糖(GFAP)清除羟基自由基的IC50均小于1.0 mg/mL,其他提取物清除羟基自由基的IC50也均小于3.0 mg/mL。而对超氧阴离子自由基仅GFME、GFMP、GFE有清除作用,其他的提取物清除作用很弱。     

不同营养基质与条件对灰树花生长的影响

探讨了不同营养基质与条件对灰树花[Grifola frondosa(Fr.)S.F.Gray]生长的影响。试验结果表明：菌丝生长的最适pH为5-6;最适氮源为蛋白胨、牛肉膏和谷氨酰胺,葡萄糖和蛋白胨最适浓度分别为100和1g/L;菌丝在黑暗环境下生长良好;使用马铃薯蛋白胨培养基进行振荡培养,菌丝球生长较好;母种采用马铃薯麦麸培养基,栽培种选用棉子壳麦麸石培养料,可缩短制种周期,获得质量较高的菌种;菌丝含有较多的钙、铁和锌等元素。     

Optimizing Production of Extracellular Laccase from Grammothele Subargentea CLPS No. 436 Strain

The production of extracellular laccase by the Grammothele subargentea CLPS no. 436 strain in liquid cultures grown on a carbon-limited basal medium was significantly enhanced when culture conditions, including the addition of CuSO₄·5H₂O or veratryl alcohol, were consecutively optimized. A laccase activity as high as 1954.5 mU ml⁻¹ of liquid medium was obtained under optimum conditions, which corresponded to non-agitated cultures supplemented with 0.6 mM CuSO₄·5H₂O. Veratryl alcohol at 1 mM was less effective than CuSO₄·5H₂O for increasing laccase activity levels; the supplementation of veratryl alcohol resulted only in maximum levels of 44 mU ml⁻¹ in non-agitated cultures. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

Effect of nutritional parameters on laccase production by the culinary and medicinal mushroom, Grifola frondosa

Summary Extracellular laccase in cultures of Grifola frondosa grown in liquid culture on a defined medium was first detectable in the early/middle stages of primary growth, and enzyme activity continued to increase even after fungal biomass production had peaked. Laccase production was significantly increased by supplementing cultures with 100–500 (M Cu over the basal level (1.6 mM Cu) and peak levels observed at 300 mM Cu were ∼ ∼7-fold higher than in unsupplemented controls. Decreased laccase activity similar to levels detected in unsupplemented controls, as well as an adverse effect on fungal growth, occurred with further supplementation up to and including 0.9 mM Cu, but higher enzyme titres (2- to 16-fold compared with controls) were induced in cultures supplemented with 1–2 mM Cu²⁺. SDS-PAGE combined with activity staining revealed the presence of a single protein band (M _r ∼ ∼70 kDa) exhibiting laccase activity in control culture fluids, whereas an additional distinct second laccase protein band (M _r␣∼ ∼45 kDa) was observed in cultures supplemented with 1–2 mM Cu. Increased levels of extracellular laccase activity, and both laccase isozymes, were also detected in cultures of G. frondosa supplemented with ferulic, vanillic, veratric and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids, and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde. The optimal temperature and pH values for laccase activity were 65 °C and pH 2.2 (using 2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonate) {ABTS} as substrate), respectively, and the enzyme was relatively heat stable. In solid-state cultures of G. frondosa grown under conditions adopted for industrial-scale mushroom production, extracellular laccase levels increased during the substrate colonization phase, peaked when the substrate was fully colonized, and then decreased sharply during fruit body development.     

彩绒革盖菌CV—8漆酶和多酚氧化酶活性

彩绒革盖菌（Ｃｏｒｉｌｕｓｖｅｒｓｉｃｏｌｏｒ）是一种具有木质素降解能力的白腐菌,其降解木素的能力主要取决于木质素过氧化物酶、漆酶、多酚氧化酶和愈创木酚氧化酶的活力高低,所以研究其活力和分泌情况对木质素的生物降解、生物制浆和环境保护具有十分重要的意义。国外已有彩绒革盖菌漆酶的报道［１,２］,但主要集中在漆酶对木质素作用后所造成的木质素结构上的变化,有关漆酶和多酚氧化酶的活性分析报道较少［３］;国内有关的研究报道更少［４,５］,至今未见彩绒革盖菌漆酶和多酚氧化酶的研究报道。本文主要测定了彩绒革盖菌…     

Isolation and Study of Some Properties of Laccase from the Basidiomycetes Cerrena maxima

A new strain producing extracellular laccase (Cerrena maxima 0275) was found by screening of isolates of Basidiomycetes, and the dynamics of laccase biosynthesis by this strain was studied. The enzyme was purified to homogeneity. The molecular weight of the enzyme is 57 kD, and its pI is 3.5. The activity is constant at pH values in the range 3.0-5.0. The temperature optimum for activity is 50°C. The thermal stability of the laccase was studied. The catalytic and Michaelis constants for catechol, hydroquinone, sinapinic acid, and K₄ Fe(CN)₆ were determined. The standard redox potential of type 1 copper in the enzyme is 750 ± 5 mV. Thus, the investigated laccase is a high redox potential laccase.