心房钠尿因子对颈动脉窦压力感受器反射的易化作用

在麻醉大鼠观察了心房肽Ⅲ(AtriopeptinⅡ,APⅡ)对颈动脉窦压力感受器活动的影响,并在麻醉家兔观察了APⅡ作用于颈动脉窦区时窦神经传入放电的改变。结果如下:(1)用APⅡ(1μg/ml)隔离灌流大鼠左侧颈动脉窦区(n=10),压力感受器反射的阈压(TP)无明显改变,平衡压(EP)由101±2.8降至95±2.0 mmHg(P<0.05),饱和压(SP)由202±5.2降至168±6.1 mmHg(P<0.001),而工作范围(OR)由128±5.5减至93±6.3mmHg(P<0.001),压力感受器机能曲线向左下方移位,曲线最大斜率(PS)由0.77±0.04增大为1.07±0.13mmHg·mmHg~(-1)(P<0.05);(2)在用硝普钠(NP,0.5μg/ml)灌流的动物(n=6),TP和 EP 无改变,SP 由188±6.4升至218±6.0 mmHg(P<0.01),OR 由107±6.9增至132±7.6 mmHg(P<0.05),硝普钠对压力感受器机能曲线及其 PS 无显著影响;(3)恒压隔离灌流兔颈动脉窦区时,窦神经传入放电具有良好的稳定性,升高窦内压(ISP)时,窦神经传入放电也随之增多。用 APⅡ(1μg/ml)恒压灌流时,窦神经传入放电增加20.9±3.9%(n=6,P<0.01),冲洗掉 APⅡ后,窦神经传入放电恢复至对照水平。以上结果显示,APⅢ可使大鼠颈动脉窦压力感受器机能曲线向左下方移位,曲线最大斜率增大以及兔窦神经传入放电增加,表明 APⅡ对颈动脉窦压力感受器活动有易化作用。这     

兔实验性重症减压病时血细胞的变化

目的:观察实验性重症减压病兔血液细胞计数的变化,分析重症减压病的致死机制。方法:检测加压前、高压停留中、减压后兔血液白细胞(WBC)总数、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞及血小板(PLT)计数。比较存活动物与死亡动物以上指标变化的特点。结果:6只存活且观察24 h后未遗留任何减压病症状。0.55 MPa下停留30 min后,兔WBC总数由(9.76±2.23)×109/L降至(8.15±2.20)×109/L,而减压后,则增加至(13.14±4.75)×109/L。加压前,死亡动物血液WBC总数为(11.13±2.37)×109/L,明显高于存活动物(8.87±2.11)×109/L,且以中性粒细胞为主。结论:高压下停留可造成兔血液中淋巴细胞数的下降,而快速减压则引起WBC升高和PLT下降。加压前WBC总数高,减压过程PLT减少量大的动物死于重症减压病的可能性更大。     

高原鼠兔肺动脉血管功能及形态变化

目的研究肺循环对慢性缺氧的适应机理.方法在4300m的高度捕捉到高原适应动物鼠兔,带到2260m的高度并和10只Wistar大鼠在模拟4300m和5000m高度的低压仓内进行了肺动脉压的测定,观察肺组织学和组织免疫化学的改变.结果在2260m,鼠兔的Ppa明显低于Wistar大鼠,二者分别为(1.5±0@07)kPa和(2.9±1.1)kPa(P＜0.01).随着海拔高度的增加,鼠兔的Ppa上升不明显,而Wistar大鼠增加显著.左右心室比重鼠兔为0.22,而Wistar大鼠为0.45.鼠兔的Hb,Hct和2.3-DPG均低于大鼠.大鼠肺小血管周围可见肥大细胞(7.1±0.33)mm2,免疫组化染色mastcelltyptase颗粒呈阳性,鼠兔未发现肥大细胞及此种免疫反应.肺小动脉中层较鼠兔厚,分别为27.21%和9.22%,壁的厚度和Ppa有很好的(r=0.763).结论鼠兔无低氧性肺血管收缩,是一种遗传性适应.大鼠肥大细胞通过激活某些生长因子,在肺血管的再建过程中可能起一定作用.     

微量血液自动连续收集器的制作和应用

五十年代初发展起来的多指示剂稀释法已广泛应用于心输出量、血管外肺水和肺血管通透性的测定和研究,血液自动连续收集器是其关键装置。国外的这种装置复杂,且只限于大动物及人的研究中应用。国内则未见报导。为研究兔肺水的转移,我们制成一种适     

急性实验性大脑占位改变时呼吸骤停的中枢机制

实验在26只氨基甲酸乙酯麻醉的兔上进行,通过向蛛网膜下腔埋入的小橡胶囊内注入人工脑脊液,造成急性脑占位改变动物模型。主要结果如下:(1)延髓封闭组(n=6)。注液扩囊使潮气量(V_T)减小,动脉血压(BP)下降,注液量增加引起呼吸暂停,BP呈双相反应。反复注液扩囊,可使引起呼吸暂停所需的注液量(称“停息阈”)呈进行性减少,由首次的1.5±0.25ml降至0.35±0.07ml,动物出现小脑疝及脑干下移。(2)暴露延髓腹侧组(n=11)。其首次停息阈为0.70±0.16ml。其中4只兔反复注液产生脑干向切口疝出,并嵌顿于游离骨缘,其停息阈降低至0.10-0.16ml。(3)于4只兔的延髓腹侧压力敏感区敷贴浸润印防已毒素的滤纸片后,反复注液扩囊虽引起脑干疝和嵌顿,但停息阈稳定在0.45-0.50ml,另有4只实验兔,用印防已毒素后20min再扩囊,其首次停息阈为1.17±0.25ml;还有5只兔,在反复扩囊使停息阈下降至稳定值后,再给予印防已毒素,其停息阈又回升,并超过首次停息阈。提示急性实验性颅内占位改变引起的呼吸抑制和呼吸暂停与延髓腹外侧受压导致延髓压力敏感结构激活有关。     

K_(ATP)通道开放剂对颈动脉窦压力感受器反射的易化作用

在 30只隔离灌流颈动脉窦区的麻醉大鼠 ,观察了KATP通道开放剂 (cromakalim ,Cro)对颈动脉窦压力感受器反射的影响。结果如下 :( 1)以Cro ( 10 μmol/L)隔离灌流大鼠左侧颈动脉窦区时 ,压力感受器机能曲线向左下方移位 ,曲线最大斜率 (PS)由 0 36± 0 0 1增至 0 48± 0 0 1kPa/kPa (P <0 0 0 1) ,反射性血压下降幅度 (RD)由 5 78± 0 14增至 7 87± 0 12kPa (P <0 0 0 1) ;阈压 (TP)、平衡压 (EP)和饱和压 (SP)则分别从 8 34± 0 35 ,12 71± 0 2 5和 2 4 89±0 2 5下降至 6 41± 0 0 9kPa,11 78± 0 2 4kPa ,2 2 5 6± 0 16kPa (P <0 0 1～ 0 0 0 1)。其中RD ,PS和TP的变化呈明显的剂量依赖性。 ( 2 )用KATP通道阻断剂格列苯脲 (glibenclamide,10 μmol/L)预处理后 ,Cro的上述反射效应即被阻断。( 3)先给予腺苷 (adenosine,12 5 μmol/L)则可以加强Cro对压力感受器反射的影响。以上结果表明 ,KATP通道开放剂Cro对大鼠颈动脉窦压力感受器反射有易化作用 ,此作用是由KATP通道开放剂引起窦壁扩张而牵张压力感受器所致     

辣椒素对颈动脉窦压力感受性反射的易化作用

在30只隔离灌流颈动脉窦区的麻醉大鼠,观察了辣椒素(capsaicin,CAP)对颈动脉窦压力感受性反射的影响.结果显示(1)以CAP(1 μmol/L)隔离灌流大鼠左侧颈动脉窦区时,颈动脉窦压力感受性机能曲线向左下方移位,曲线最大斜率(peak slope,PS)由0.34±0.01增至0.42±0.01(P＜0.01),反射性血压下降幅度(reflex decrease,RD)由36.51±1.26增至45,01±0.71 mmHg(P＜0.01).阈压、平衡压和饱和压分别从70.43±2.09、95.5±1.71和177.60±1.37 mmHg下降至52.86±2.80、87.00±1.58、163.55±2.12 mmHg(P＜0.01).其中PS和RD的变化呈明显的剂量依赖性.(2)用香草酸受体亚型(vanilloid receptor subtypel,VRl)阻断剂钌红(ruthenium red,100 μmo1/L)预处理后,CAP的上述反射效应即被阻断.(3)先给予KArp通道阻断剂格列苯脲(glibenclamide,20 μmo1/L)也取消了CAP对压力感受性反射的影响.结果表明,CAP对大鼠颈动脉窦压力感受性反射有易化作用,此作用似与VR1介导的KATP通道开放有关.     

肾上腺髓质素对大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区压力反射敏感神经元的作用

采用多管微电泳结合细胞外记录的方法研究了肾上腺髓质素(adrenomedullin,ADM)对大鼠延髓头端腹外侧区(rostral ventrolateral medulla,rVLM)压力反射敏感性神经元电活动的作用及其可能机制.结果显示在29个rVLM压力反射敏感神经元中,20个神经元在30、60和90 nA的电流微电泳大鼠ADM(rADM)过程中,放电频率由(10.8±2.7)spikes/s分别增加到(14.6±3.6)、(19.8±4.7)和(31.9±6.4)spikes/s(P＜0.05,n=20).微电泳rADM特异性受体阻断剂人ADM(human ADM,hADM)(22-52)可明显减小神经元放电频率的增加幅度,比正常放电频率仅增加15.4%[(11.4±2.5)sipkes/s,P＜0.05,n=10],而降钙素基因相关肽1(CGRP1)受体阻断剂hCGRP(8-37)对rADM兴奋性神经元电活动影响较小.在另外23个神经元中,10个神经元的放电频率在10、20和40 nA电流微电泳神经型NOS(nNOS)抑制剂7-NiNa过程中放电减少,由正常的(10.1±3.5)spikes/s分别减少为(7.5±2.5)、(5.3±2.1)和(3.1±1.4)spikes/s(P＜0.05,n=10).在微电泳7-NiNa过程中同时微电泳rADM,则rADM增加神经元放电频率的效应减弱,增加幅度为基础水平的17%[(6.2±1.9)spikes/s].8个神经元在10、20和40 nA电流微电泳诱导型NOS抑制剂(iNOS)aminoguanidine(AG)过程中放电频率由(11.5±5.1)spikes/s增加到(17.8±5.6)、(22.5±6.3)和(29.1±6.4)spikes/s(P＜0.05,n=8),rADM与AG同时微电泳时,AG对rADM本身增加神经元放电的效应无明显影响.上述结果提示,rADM在rVLM可通过其特异性受体或来源于nNOS的NO作用于压力反射敏感神经元,使其活动增强而发挥调节心血管活动的作用.     

α1A-肾上腺素受体参与大鼠外周血压的调节

采用大鼠整体灌流模型,同时测定灌流大鼠后肢血管床灌流压和全身平均动脉压,通过动态观察,比较多种α_1-肾上腺素受体(α_1-AR)亚型选择性拮抗剂对两者影响的异同,初步探讨α_1-AR亚型在大鼠整体血压调节中的作用。结果表明:α_1-AR选择性拮抗剂(prazosin组13.5±3.6vs 15.1±4.3,n=11)和α_1-AR亚型选择性拮抗剂(5-mithyl-urapidil组2.4±0.9vs 3.7±2.3,n=12;RS-17053组3.2±1.6vs 4.4±3.3,n=12)均对正常大鼠苯肾上腺素引起后肢血管床升压反应曲线和平均动脉压升压反应曲线的右移程度(dose ratio,Dr)无明显影响,α_1-AR亚型选择性拮抗剂(BMY 7378组1.9±0.9vs 2.2±0.8,n=8)对正常大鼠两者苯肾上腺素加压反应也无差别;自发性高血压大鼠(RS-17053组3.4±0.6vs 4.3±0.9,n=5;BMY 7378组1.7±0.5vs 1.7±0.5,n=8)的反应同正常大鼠相似。提示介导苯肾上腺素引起麻醉大鼠全身动脉加压效应的α_1-AR与引起大鼠后肢血管床收缩的α_1-AR可能是同一种亚型,即α_1-AR。     

利用兔离体肺灌流模型评价肺微小血管通透性

目的准确、定量的评价肺微小血管通透性.方法利用兔离体肺灌流模型,采用肺重量分析法测定肺毛细血管滤过系数(Kf).结果肺毛细血管滤过系数测定值为4.78±0.73mg·min-1.cmH2O-1·g-1.结论这种利用离体肺灌流模型定量评价肺微小血管通透性的方法具有直接、测定准确的优点,对于了解肺的生理状态、评价急性肺损伤和肺水肿程度具有重要意义,是一种新型的实验方法.     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.     

肝癌中HBV和HCV基因和抗原的分布及意义

采用原位分子杂交方法检测HCV RNA及HBV X基因;采用免疫组织化学方法研究HCV核心抗原,非结构区C33c抗原及HBxAg在肝细胞肝癌中的定位及分布.结果表明(1)HCV RNA、HBV X基因在肝细胞肝癌组织检出率分别为40%(55/136)和82%(112/136).HCV RNA定位于癌细胞的胞浆内,阳性细胞呈散在、灶状及弥漫分布三种形式;HBV X基因在肝癌细胞中的分布呈胞浆型、核型及核浆型,阳性细胞也呈上述三种分布形式;(2)HCV C33c抗原、核心抗原在肝细胞肝癌中的阳性率为81%(133/164)及86%(141/164).C33c抗原定位于癌细胞及肝细胞的胞浆内;核心抗原既定位于癌细胞核中,又可定位于胞浆中.C33c抗原阳性细胞以灶状分布为主;而核心抗原阳性细     

Selection with two alleles and complete dominance

For a plant selection model with frequency-independent viabilities, fertilities and selfing rates, it is shown that apart from global fixation, for certain parameter combinations a protected polymorphism and facultative fixation (either allele may become fixed according to initial frequencies) may both occur. Facultative fixation requires different selling rates for the dominant and recessive type. Protection of the polymorphism requires resource allocation for male and female function. In this connection the problem of purely genetically caused population extinction is discussed.
For general frequency dependence and regular segregation, the chances for establishment of a completely recessive gene are compared to those of a completely dominant gene. It is proven that the process of establishment of the recessive gene, despite a fitness advantage, may be considerably endangered by drift effects if random mating prevails. The recessive gene may reach the same effectivity in establishment as a dominant gene, only if the recessive homozygote mates exclusively with its own type during the period of establishment.