Development of a CAPS marker for the Pvr4 locus: a tool for pyramiding potyvirus resistance genes in pepper.

The Pvr4 resistance gene in pepper confers a complete resistance to the three pathotypes of potato virus Y (PVY) and to pepper mottle virus (PepMoV). In order to use this gene in a marker-assisted selection (MAS) program and to permit the pyramiding of several potyvirus resistance genes in the same cultivar, tightly linked amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) markers were obtained by the bulked segregant analysis method. Eight linked AFLP markers were mapped in an interval from 2.1 +/- 0.8 to 13.8 +/- 2.9 cM around this locus. The closest codominant AFLP marker was converted into a codominant CAPS (cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence) marker using data from the alignment of the two allele sequences. We have further characterized the relevance of the CAPS marker for MAS programs in different pepper breeding lines.     

RNA-Dependent RNA Polymerase (NIb) of the Potyviruses Is an Avirulence Factor for the Broad-Spectrum Resistance Gene Pvr4 in Capsicum annuum cv. CM334

Potyviruses are one of the most destructive viral pathogens of Solanaceae plants. In Capsicum annuum landrace CM334, a broad-spectrum gene, Pvr4 is known to be involved in resistance against multiple potyviruses, including Pepper mottle virus (PepMoV), Pepper severe mosaic virus (PepSMV), and Potato virus Y (PVY). However, a potyvirus avirulence factor against Pvr4 has not been identified. To identify the avirulence factor corresponding to Pvr4 in potyviruses, we performed Agrobacterium-mediated transient expressions of potyvirus protein coding regions in potyvirus-resistant (Pvr4) and -susceptible (pvr4) pepper plants. Hypersensitive response (HR) was observed only when a RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (NIb) of PepMoV, PepSMV, or PVY was expressed in Pvr4-bearing pepper leaves in a genotype-specific manner. In contrast, HR was not observed when the NIb of Tobacco etch virus (TEV), a virulent potyvirus, was expressed in Pvr4-bearing pepper leaves. Our results clearly demonstrate that NIbs of PepMoV, PepSMV, and PVY serve as avirulence factors for Pvr4 in pepper plants.     

Identification and comparative mapping of a dominant potyvirus resistance gene cluster in Capsicum

The dominant gene Pvr7 from Capsicum chinense Jacq. ’PI159236’ confers resistance to the pepper mottle potyvirus (PepMoV) Florida (V1182) strain. This gene is tightly linked to the dominant potyvirus resistance gene Pvr4 with observed recombination frequencies of 0.012 to 0.016. A cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker linked to Pvr4 was used to localize Pvr4 and, by extension, Pvr7, to linkage group 10 on an interspecific map of pepper. Our results indicated that Pvr4, Pvr7, and Tsw, a gene conferring resistance to tomato spotted wilt virus, comprise the first identified cluster of dominant disease resistance genes in Capsicum L. This position does not correspond to the locations of dominant potyvirus resistance genes in potato or to the positions of any other mapped solanaceous resistance genes or resistance gene homologues. Received: 20 September 1999 / Accepted: 21 March 2000     

高丹草氢氰酸含量性状的QTL定位分析

为了深入开展高丹草低氢氰酸含量性状的QTL精细定位、基因图位克隆、功能解析及分子标记辅助育种,该研究以二倍体杂交高丹草F_2代群体500个分离单株无性系及其亲本为材料,在课题组前期已构建出的高丹草高密度分子遗传连锁图谱的基础上,利用区间作图法对两年两地测定的高丹草氢氰酸含量性状进行了QTL定位分析。结果显示:(1)在4个不同环境下高丹草氢氰酸含量性状的广义遗传率分别为61.70%、72.05%、40.16%和69.25%,表明氢氰酸含量是既受环境影响又受微效多基因控制的数量性状,而且其群体测定值频率呈明显单峰正态性分布特点,符合QTL定位要求。(2)在LOD2.5的条件下,共检测到16个与氢氰酸含量性状相关的QTLs,其分布在LG1、LG2、LG4、LG6、LG7、LG8和LG10连锁群上。(3)16个QTLs中能重复检测到的稳定QTLs有9个,遗传贡献率范围为1.17%～39.9%,其中贡献率大于20%的主效QTLs有Qcn2-2、Qcn4-1、Qcn6和Qcn6-1共4个。该研究结果明确了各QTLs的遗传效应和分子标记位点。     

QTL analysis for ascochyta blight resistance in an intraspecific population of chickpea (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer arietinum</Emphasis> L.)

In both controlled environment and the field, six QTLs for ascochyta blight resistance were identified in three regions of the genome of an intraspecific population of chickpea using the IDS and AUDPC disease scoring systems. One QTL-region was detected from both environments, whereas the other two regions were detected from each environment. All the QTL-regions were significantly associated with ascochyta blight resistance using either of the disease scoring systems. The QTLs were verified by multiple interval mapping, and a two-QTL genetic model with considerable epistasis was established for both environments. The major QTLs generally showed additive gene action, as well as dominance inter-locus interaction in the multiple genetic model. All the QTLs were mapped near a RGA marker. The major QTLs were located on LG III, which was mapped with five different types of RGA markers. A CLRR-RGA marker and a STMS marker flanked QTL 6 for controlled environment resistance at 0.06 and 0.04 cM, respectively. Other STMS markers flanked QTL 1 for field resistance at a 5.6 cM interval. After validation, these flanking markers may be used in marker-assisted selection to breed for elite chickpea cultivars with durable resistance to ascochyta blight. The tight linkage of RGA markers to the major QTL on LG III will allow map-based cloning of the underlying resistance genes.Communicated by P. Langridge     

Defense response genes co-localize with quantitative disease resistance loci in pepper

Functional bases of polygenically inherited disease resistance are still unknown. In recent years, molecular dissection of polygenic resistance has led to the identification and location of quantitative trait loci (QTLs) on many plant genetic linkage maps. This process is a pre-requisite for resistance QTL characterization at a molecular and functional level. Here, we report the use of a candidate gene approach based on the hypothesis that some resistance QTLs previously mapped in pepper may correspond to defense response (DR) genes. Degenerate oligonucleotide primers were designed for conserved regions of two DR gene families: pathogenesis-related proteins (PR) of class 2 (β-1,3-glucanase) and PR proteins of class 5 (antifungal activity). Cloned pepper PCR-products as well as other solanaceous DR gene families were used as RFLP probes for mapping in three intraspecific maps of the pepper genome. A total of 12 probes out of 23 were positioned and generated 16 loci. Some DR probes revealed multiple gene copies in the pepper genome (PR5, β-1,3-glucanase, chitinase and Glutathione S-transferase). Genes encoding acidic and basic β-1,3-glucanases were clustered on linkage group (LG) P1a, whereas genes encoding chitinases occurred on several LGs (P1b, P2a and P5). A class-III chitinase gene co-localized with a major-effect QTL controlling resistance to Phytophthora capsici on LG P5. PR4, PR2 and PR10 loci mapped within the region of resistance QTLs to P. capsici (LG P1b), Potato virus Y (LG P1a) and Potyvirus E (LG P3), respectively. A digenic interaction between a PR4 and a PR2 loci explained a large effect (35%) of the resistance to Potyvirus E.     

Evaluation of QTLs for Shoot Fly (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Atherigona soccata</Emphasis>) Resistance Component Traits of Seedling Leaf Blade Glossiness and Trichome Density on Sorghum (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum bicolor</Emphasis>) Chromosome SBI-10L

Shoot fly is a major insect pest of sorghum damaging early crop growth, establishment and productivity. Host plant resistance is an efficient approach to minimize yield losses due to shoot fly infestation. Seedling leaf blade glossiness and trichome density are morphological traits associated with shoot fly resistance. Our objective was to identify and evaluate QTLs for glossiness and trichome density using- i) 1894 F₂s, ii) a sub-set of 369 F₂-recombinants, and iii) their derived 369 F_2:3 progenies, from a cross involving introgression lines RSG04008-6 (susceptible)?×?J2614-11 (resistant). The QTLs were mapped to a 37–72 centimorgan (cM) or 5–15 Mb interval on the long arm of sorghum chromosome 10 (SBI-10L) with flanking markers Xgap001 and Xtxp141. One QTL each for glossiness (QGls10) and trichome density (QTd10) were mapped in marker interval Xgap001-Xnhsbm1044 and Xisep0630-Xtxp141, confirming their loose linkage, for which phenotypic variation accounted for ranged from 2.29 to 11.37 % and LOD values ranged from 2.03 to 24.13, respectively. Average physical map positions for glossiness and trichome density QTLs on SBI-10 from earlier studies were 4 and 2 Mb, which in the present study were reduced to 2 Mb and 800 kb, respectively. Candidate genes Glossy15 (Sb10g025053) and ethylene zinc finger protein (Sb10g027550) falling in support intervals for glossiness and trichome density QTLs, respectively, are discussed. Also we identified a sub-set of recombinant population that will facilitate further fine mapping of the leaf blade glossiness and trichome density QTLs on SBI-10.     

Mapping quantitative trait loci associated with leaf and stem pubescence in cotton

Leaf pubescence in cotton have a potential for insect pest management. Varying degrees of leaf trichome density in Gossypium species and cultivars have been associated to a series of five genes, referred to as t(1)-t(5). We used two segregating interspecific G. hirsutum x G. barbadense backcross populations developed in our laboratory to assess qualitatively and quantitatively leaf and stem pubescence. QTL analyses were performed using simple and composite interval mapping. Based on both types of measurements and under both types of QTL analyses, nine QTLs met permutation-based thresholds. The nine QTLs mapped to four different chromosome regions. Highest LOD values corresponded to the QTLs detected on c6 (four colocalized QTLs) and on D03 (two QTLs) for which the higher pubescence in the progeny derived from the pubescent G. hirsutum parent alleles. Conversely, on c17 (one QTL) and A01 (two QTLs), the G. hirsutum parental alleles affected negatively pubescence. These results combined with another published study confirm (1) the location in a center region of chromosome 6 of the t(1) locus as a major locus/gene determining leaf pubescence, and (2) additional genes located on seven additional chromosomes have been shown to impart trichome density either positively or negatively. The existence of a high density of PCR-based loci in most of the regions identified as harboring leaf pubescence QTLs, particularly that on chromosome 6, will facilitate future efforts for map-based cloning.     

Introgression of homeologous quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for resistance to the root-knot nematode [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] in an advanced backcross-QTL population of peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.)

Resistance to root-knot nematodes [Meloidogyne arenaria (Neal) Chitwood] is needed for cultivation of peanut in major peanut-growing areas, but significant resistance is lacking in the cultivated species (Arachis hypogaea L.). Markers to two closely-linked genes introgressed from wild relatives of peanut have been identified previously, but phenotypic evidence for the presence of additional genes in wild species and introgression lines has eluded quantitative trait locus (QTL) identification. Here, to improve sensitivity to small-effect QTLs, an advanced backcross population from a cross between a Florunner component line and the synthetic amphidiploid TxAG-6 [Arachis batizocoi × (A. cardenasii × A. diogoi)]^4× was screened for response to root-knot nematode infection. Composite interval mapping results suggested a total of seven QTLs plus three putative QTLs. These included the known major resistance gene plus a second QTL on LG1, and a potentially homeologous B-genome QTL on LG11. Additional potential homeologs were identified on linkage group (LG) 8 and LG18, plus a QTL on LG9.2 and putative QTLs on LG9.1 and 19. A QTL on LG15 had no inferred resistance-associated homeolog. Contrary to expectation, two introgressed QTLs were associated with susceptibility, and QTLs at some homeologous loci were found to confer opposite phenotypic responses. Long-term functional conservation accompanied by rapid generation of functionally divergent alleles may be a singular feature of NBS-LRR resistance gene clusters, contributing to the richness of resistance alleles available in wild relatives of crops. The significance for peanut evolution and breeding is discussed.     

Development of RAPD and SCAR markers linked to the Pvr4 locus for resistance to PVY in pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.)

Potato Virus Y (PVY) is the only potyvirus infecting pepper ( Capsicum annuum L.) in Europe. Currently, the development of pepper varieties resistant to PVY seems to be the most-efficient method to control PVY damage. Among the sources of resistance, a monogenic dominant gene Pvr4 confers resistance against all known PVY pathotypes. In this work, bulked segregant analysis (BSA) was used to search for randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers linked to the Pvr4 gene, using segregating progenies obtained by crossing a homozygous resistant ('Serrano Criollo de Morelos-334') with a homozygous susceptible ('Yolo Wonder') cultivar. Eight hundred decamer primers were screened to identify one RAPD marker (UBC19(1432)) linked in repulsion phase to Pvr4. This marker was converted into a dominant sequence characterised amplified region (SCAR) marker (SCUBC19(1423)). This marker was mapped into a dense Capsicum genetic map in a region where several genes for resistance to different diseases are located. This marker can be useful to identify PVY-resistant genotypes in segregating progenies of pepper in marker-assisted selection (MAS) breeding programs.     

QTLs for muscat flavor and monoterpenic odorant content in grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.)

Little is known about the genetic determinism of muscat flavor in grape, although this trait is of major importance for table grape breeding. We therefore performed a search for QTLs (Quantitative Trait Loci) of both muscat score and berry content in the three main free monoterpene alcohols potentially involved, linalool, nerol and geraniol, based on two years of measures. Parental and consensus framework genetic maps of the cross MTP2687-85 (Olivette × Ribol) × Muscat of Hamburg were built after genotyping the 174 offspring for 139 well-scattered SSR markers. The female, male and consensus framework maps spanned 935, 1365 and 1267 cM, respectively. For QTL detection, simple and composite interval mapping were performed, as well as non parametric Kruskal–Wallis tests. QTLs for muscat score were found on linkage groups (LGs) 1, 5 and 7. For the three ln-transformed monoterpene contents, QTLs with major effects (explaining 17–55 % of total phenotypic variance) were found to be colocated on LG 5, on the male and consensus maps in both years. One additional QTL was found for linalool on LG 2, on female and consensus maps, as well as other colocated ones for nerol and geraniol on LG 13, on male and consensus maps. These additional QTLs had lower effects (9–25%). The contribution of these results to the knowledge of muscat aroma genetic determinism is discussed, as well as their potential usefulness for marker assisted breeding of new aromatic grape varieties.     

Pooled analysis of data from multiple quantitative trait locus mapping populations

Quantitative trait locus (QTL) analysis on pooled data from multiple populations (pooled analysis) provides a means for evaluating, as a whole, evidence for existence of a QTL from different studies and examining differences in gene effect of a QTL among different populations. Objectives of this study were to: (1) develop a method for pooled analysis and (2) conduct pooled analysis on data from two soybean mapping populations. Least square interval mapping was extended for pooled analysis by inclusion of populations and cofactor markers as indicator variables and covariate variables separately in the multiple linear models. The general linear test approach was applied for detecting a QTL. Single population-based and pooled analyses were conducted on data from two F_2:3 mapping populations, Hamilton (susceptible) × PI 90763 (resistant) and Magellan (susceptible) × PI 404198A (resistant), for resistance to soybean cyst nematode (SCN) in soybean. It was demonstrated that where a QTL was shared among populations, pooled analysis showed increased LOD values on the QTL candidate region over single population analyses. Where a QTL was not shared among populations, however, the pooled analysis showed decreased LOD values on the QTL candidate region over single population analyses. Pooled analysis on data from genetically similar populations may have higher power of QTL detection than single population-based analyses. QTLs were identified by pooled analysis on linkage groups (LGs) G, B1 and J for resistance to SCN race 2 whereas QTLs on LGs G, B1 and E for resistance to SCN race 5 in soybean PI 90763 and PI 404198A. QTLs on LG G and B1 were identified in both PI 90763 and PI 404198A whereas QTLs on LG E and J were identified in PI 90763 only. QTLs on LGs G and B1 for resistance to race 2 may be the same or closely linked with QTLs on LG G and B1 for resistance to race 5, respectively. It was further demonstrated that QTLs on G and B1 carried by PI 90763 were not significantly different in gene effect from QTLs on LGs G and B1 in PI 404198A, respectively.     

A Genome Scan for Quantitative Trait Loci Associated with Vibrio anguillarum Infection Resistance in Japanese Flounder (Paralichthys olivaceus) by Bulked Segregant Analysis

A recent genetic linkage map was employed to detect quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with Vibrio anguillarum resistance in Japanese flounder. An F1 family established and challenged with V. anguillarum in 2009 was used for QTL mapping. Of the 221 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers used to detect polymorphisms in the parents of F1, 170 were confirmed to be polymorphic. The average distance between the markers was 10.6 cM. Equal amounts of genomic DNA from 15 fry that died early and from 15 survivors were pooled separately to constitute susceptible bulk and resistance bulk DNA. Bulked segregant analysis and QTL mapping were combined to detect candidate SSR markers and regions associated with the disease. A genome scan identified four polymorphic SSR markers, two of which were significantly different between susceptible and resistance bulk (P?=?0.008). These two markers were located in linkage group (LG) 7; therefore, all the SSR markers in LG7 were genotyped in all the challenged fry by single marker analysis. Using two different models, 11–17 SSR markers were detected with different levels of significance. To confirm the associations of these markers with the disease, composite interval mapping was employed to genotype all the challenged individuals. One and three QTLs, which explained more than 60 % of the phenotypic variance, were detected by the two models. Two of the QTLs were located at 48.6 cM. The common QTL may therefore be a major candidate region for disease resistance against V. anguillarum infection.     

Mapping of QTLs governing agronomic and yield traits in chickpea

Chickpea is one of the most important leguminous cool season food crops, cultivated prevalently in South Asia and Middle East. The main objective of this study was to identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with seven agronomic and yield traits in two recombinant inbred line populations of chickpea derived from the crosses JG62 × Vijay (JV population) and Vijay × ICC4958 (VI population) from at least three environments. Single locus QTL analysis involved composite interval mapping (CIM) for individual traits and multiple-trait composite interval mapping (MCIM) for correlated traits to detect pleiotropic QTLs. Two-locus analysis was conducted to identify the main effect QTLs (M-QTLs), epistatic QTLs (E-QTLs) and QTL × environment interactions. Through CIM analysis, a total of 106 significant QTLs (41 in JV and 65 in VI populations) were identified for the seven traits, of which one QTL each for plant height and days to maturity was common in both the populations. Six pleiotropic QTLs that were consistent over the environments were also identified. LG2 in JV and LG1a in VI contained at least one QTL for each trait. Hence, concentrating on these LGs in molecular breeding programs is most likely to bring simultaneous improvement in these traits.     

Genetic mapping reveals a single major QTL for bacterial wilt resistance in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.)

Bacterial wilt caused by Xanthomonas translucens pv. graminis (Xtg) is a major disease of economically important forage crops such as ryegrasses and fescues. Targeted breeding based on seedling inoculation has resulted in cultivars with considerable levels of resistance. However, the mechanisms of inheritance of resistance are poorly understood and further breeding progress is difficult to obtain. This study aimed to assess the relevance of the seedling screening in the glasshouse for adult plant resistance in the field and to investigate genetic control of resistance to bacterial wilt in Italian ryegrass (Lolium multiflorum Lam.). A mapping population consisting of 306 F₁ individuals was established and resistance to bacterial wilt was assessed in glasshouse and field experiments. Highly correlated data (r = 0.67–0.77, P < 0.01) between trial locations demonstrated the suitability of glasshouse screens for phenotypic selection. Analysis of quantitative trait loci (QTL) based on a high density genetic linkage map consisting of 368 amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) and simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers revealed a single major QTL on linkage group (LG) 4 explaining 67% of the total phenotypic variance (Vp). In addition, a minor QTL was observed on LG 5. Field experiments confirmed the major QTL on LG 4 to explain 43% (in 2004) to 84% (in 2005) of Vp and also revealed additional minor QTLs on LG 1, LG 4 and LG 6. The identified QTLs and the closely linked markers represent important targets for marker-assisted selection of Italian ryegrass.     

Molecular mapping of soybean aphid resistance genes in PI 567541B

The soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura) is an important pest of soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] in North America since it was first reported in 2000. PI 567541B is a newly discovered aphid resistance germplasm with early maturity characteristics. The objectives of this study were to map and validate the aphid resistance genes in PI 567541B using molecular markers. A mapping population of 228 F₃ derived lines was investigated for the aphid resistance in both field and greenhouse trials. Two quantitative trait loci (QTLs) controlling the aphid resistance were found using the composite interval mapping method. These two QTLs were localized on linkage groups (LGs) F and M. PI 567541B conferred resistant alleles at both loci. An additive × additive interaction between these two QTLs was identified using the multiple interval mapping method. These two QTLs combined with their interaction explained most of the phenotypic variation in both field and greenhouse trials. In general, the QTL on LG F had less effect than the one on LG M, especially in the greenhouse trial. These two QTLs were further validated using an independent population. The effects of these two QTLs were also confirmed using 50 advanced breeding lines, which were all derived from PI 567541B and had various genetic backgrounds. Hence, these two QTLs identified and validated in this study could be useful in improving soybean aphid resistance by marker-assisted selection.     

Preliminary investigation of QTLs associated with seedling resistance to ascochyta blight from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Cicer echinospermum</Emphasis>, a wild relative of chickpea

Accessions from Cicer echinospermum, a wild relative of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), contain resistance to the fungal disease ascochyta blight, a devastating disease of chickpea. A linkage map was constructed based on an interspecific F(2) population, derived from a cross between a susceptible chickpea cultivar (Lasseter) and a resistant C. echinospermum accession (PI 527930). The linkage map incorporated 83 molecular markers, that included RAPD, ISSR, STMS and RGA markers; eight markers remained unlinked. The map comprised eight linkage groups and covered a map distance of 570 cM. Six out of the eight linkage groups were correlated to linkage groups from the integrated Cicer map using STMS markers. Quantitative trait loci (QTLs) associated with ascochyta blight resistance were detected using interval mapping and single-point analysis. The F(2) population was evaluated for seedling and stem resistance in glasshouse trials. At least two QTLs were identified for seedling resistance, both of which were located within linkage group 4. Five markers were associated with stem resistance, four of which were also associated with seedling resistance. QTLs from previous studies also mapped to LG 4, suggesting that this linkage group is an important region of the Cicer genome for resistance to ascochyta blight.     

Identification and validation of genomic regions that affect shoot fly resistance in sorghum [<Emphasis Type="Italic">Sorghum bicolor</Emphasis> (L.) Moench]

Shoot fly is one of the most important pests affecting the sorghum production. The identification of quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting shoot fly resistance enables to understand the underlying genetic mechanisms and genetic basis of complex interactions among the component traits. The aim of the present study was to detect QTL for shoot fly resistance and the associated traits using a population of 210 RILs of the cross 27B (susceptible) × IS2122 (resistant). RIL population was phenotyped in eight environments for shoot fly resistance (deadheart percentage), and in three environments for the component traits, such as glossiness, seedling vigor and trichome density. Linkage map was constructed with 149 marker loci comprising 127 genomic-microsatellite, 21 genic-microsatellite and one morphological marker. QTL analysis was performed by using MQM approach. 25 QTL (five each for leaf glossiness and seedling vigor, 10 for deadhearts, two for adaxial trichome density and three for abaxial trichome density) were detected in individual and across environments. The LOD and R ² (%) values of QTL ranged from 2.44 to 24.1 and 4.3 to 44.1%, respectively. For most of the QTLs, the resistant parent, IS2122 contributed alleles for resistance; while at two QTL regions, the susceptible parent 27B also contributed for resistance traits. Three genomic regions affected multiple traits, suggesting the phenomenon of pleiotrophy or tight linkage. Stable QTL were identified for the traits across different environments, and genetic backgrounds by comparing the QTL in the study with previously reported QTL in sorghum. For majority of the QTLs, possible candidate genes were identified. The QTLs identified will enable marker assisted breeding for shoot fly resistance in sorghum.     

Mapping Architectural, Phenological, and Fruit Quality QTLs in Apricot

The F1 population “Harostar”?×?“Rouge de Mauves” was used to perform a quantitative trait loci (QTL) mapping for tree architecture traits (i.e., tree diameter, total branch number, tree shape); time to initial reproductive bud break; and fruit quality traits (i.e., ground color, fruit form, soluble solid content) using data collected from 2010 to 2012. For architectural traits, interval mapping detected QTLs only in “Rouge de Mauves” on linkage group 1 for trunk diameter in 2010, on LG6 for total branch number in 2010, and on LG1 and LG5 for tree shape for both years 2010 and 2011 combined. QTLs were detected only in “Harostar” for time to initial reproductive bud break on LG1 and LG4 in 2011. For fruit quality traits, data were collected in 2011 and 2012. QTLs were identified on LG1 in 2011 and on LG4 in 2012 for soluble solid content, on LG3 for ground color in both years, on LG7 only in 2011, and on LG3 for fruit form in both years. The QTLs that we identified were compared to those previously identified in other Prunus spp.