London after Tomlinson. Clinical research.

Sir Bernard Tomlinson''s report focuses on London''s health services, but his proposals have major implications for the future of clinical research--not just in London but in the United Kingdom as a whole. They must be seen in the context of a widely perceived decline in British research and development which also threatens clinical research. This article examines the implications of Tomlinson''s proposals and related strategies and recommends the construction of a research market for the patient costs of clinical research to complement the NHS market for patient services introduced in 1991. These arrangements would help sustain the clinical research base and guarantee excellence.     

蜂毒溶血肽的研究进展

蜂毒溶血肽 (melittin)是蜜蜂毒液的主要组分 ,由 2 6个氨基酸残基组成 ,具有两亲性和种的特异性。它的cDNA已经被克隆 ,并以融合蛋白的形式在大肠杆菌Escherichiacoli中进行表达。蜂毒溶血肽的作用机制主要包括脂酶的激活 ,产生第二信使 ,调节一些酶及离子通道 ;Ca2 +的水平调节 ,影响骨骼肌和心肌的收缩 ;作为脂类代谢的探针。由于蜂毒溶血肽结构简单 ,且抑制病毒复制 ,因此可将其用于癌症的基因治疗及爱滋病的防治。此外 ,蜂毒溶血肽还可作为对一些作用机理进行研究的模型肽。