火炬树分泌道的发育解剖学研究

本文报道了火炬树分泌道的结构、分布和发育。火炬树的分泌道是由一层分泌细胞及其外侧1—5层薄壁组织细胞组成的鞘细胞所包围。分泌道主要分布于根、茎、叶、花和果实的维管束的韧皮部内,此外,在茎的髓部也存在散生的分泌道。各类器官中的分泌道都以裂生方式发育;营养器官中的分泌道先于维管分子分化,生殖器官中的则后于维管分子的分化。     

北柴胡分泌道的发育及组织化学研究

利用植物解剖学和组织化学的方法对北柴胡根、茎和叶中分泌道的分布、发生发育过程以及组织化学进行了研究.研究结果表明,分泌道分布在根中柱鞘组织和次生韧皮部、茎韧皮部和髓,以及叶脉韧皮部内和木质部上方.根中柱鞘中的分泌道来源于中柱鞘细胞,次生韧皮部中的分泌道来源于维管形成层切向分裂向外形成的衍生细胞;茎和叶脉韧皮部内的分泌道起源于原形成层束原生韧皮部外侧的2～3层细胞;茎髓中和叶脉木质部上方的分泌道来源于基本分生组织.这些分泌道腔隙的形成都属于裂生型.组织化学结果表明分泌道是挥发油积累的重要场所.     

漆树各器官中乳汁道的分布与结构特征研究

采用石蜡制片法,对漆树茎、根、叶、花、果实中乳汁道的分布与结构特征进行解剖学观察研究.结果表明,(1)除种子外,漆树的根、茎、叶、花和果实内均具有乳汁道,乳汁道主要分布在各器官维管束的韧皮部内,茎的髓部内也有少数分布.(2)乳汁道都是由一层分泌细胞及其外的多层薄壁鞘细胞围绕着腔道构成,属于贮存生漆的分泌道.(3)漆树不同器官内乳汁道的直径和鞘细胞的层数存在差异.     

臭椿茎中分泌道的发育及其组织化学研究

利用植物解剖学方法研究臭椿茎和叶柄中分泌道的结构、分布和发育过程.结果表明:臭椿茎和叶柄中的分泌道分布于髓的周缘,次生木质部中无分泌道.分泌道是由一层分泌细胞围绕分泌腔而构成,分泌细胞外有1～2层鞘细胞.分泌道以裂生方式形成,其发育过程可分为3个阶段:原始细胞阶段、形成阶段和成熟阶段.在原始细胞阶段,一群原始细胞具浓厚细胞质,细胞核清晰可见;形成阶段,原始细胞的中央细胞间细胞壁中层降解,细胞壁分离,形成腔隙,随着分泌细胞数量的增加,分泌腔体积扩大;成熟阶段的分泌道具有12～16个分泌细胞,1～2层鞘细胞,分泌腔直径为30～50μm.组织化学研究表明,分泌细胞及分泌道内含物中含大量的萜类、多糖和脂类物质.机械创伤能够诱导次生木质部中产生创伤分泌道.臭椿茎中的分泌道和创伤性分泌道在抵御生物和非生物胁迫中起重要作用.     

鸭儿芹不同器官分泌道结构及分布的比较解剖研究

采用石蜡切片法对伞形科鸭儿芹(Cryptotaenia japonica Hassk. )全株不同器官分泌道的结构及分布特征进行了观察研究.观察结果显示,在鸭儿芹的根、茎、叶和果实各部位均有分泌道,其中果实分泌道特化为油管.分泌道多由1层明显小于周围薄壁细胞的分泌细胞组成,不同器官中分泌道的管腔和分泌细胞均大小不等、形状不一.组成根中分泌道的分泌细胞较少,多为4～5个;茎中较多,为6～9个,有时多达12～14个;组成叶片分泌道的分泌细胞数差异最大,叶脉中多达22个,叶肉中仅为3个.从横切面上看,根系中的分泌道仅分布在主根和一级侧根的近周皮处,以及主根的韧皮部外侧和髓部;茎中分泌道分布于近表皮处的厚角组织之间、大厚角组织与韧皮部之间和靠近木质部的髓部;叶鞘和叶柄的分泌道位于小厚角组织内侧的顶端、大厚角组织与韧皮部之间和木质部周围,其中在叶鞘中的2个厚角组织之间也有分泌道分布;在叶片的主脉及大侧脉中,分泌道分布于维管束与上下表皮的厚角组织之间,栅栏组织中也有少量分泌道;在果实中,油管分布于内果皮与中果皮之间,多位于棱槽和合生面部位.此外,根和茎中的分泌道具有2种明显不同的分布式样;叶鞘远、近轴面部位分泌道的分布式样分别兼有茎近表皮皮层部位和叶柄维管束木质部部位的特点,具有明显的从茎向叶柄的过渡性;在果实的果棱维管束下方和2个油管之间还有2层油细胞几乎环果体分布,这种结构在伞形科种类中比较少见,值得进一步研究.     

杭白芷根中分泌道发生方式、分布及其挥发油积累过程研究

为探明杭白芷(Angelica dahurica var.formosana)根中分泌道发生方式、分布及其挥发油转运积累特征,该研究利用光镜及透射电子显微镜技术观察分泌道发生过程及挥发油转运特征,结合组织化学定位确定挥发油的主要积累部位。结果表明:杭白芷根中分泌道由中柱鞘细胞最先发生,次生结构中分泌道主要分布在韧皮部和皮层中;挥发油的合成不仅与分泌细胞中质体及细胞质有关,而且还与周围细胞关系密切;分泌细胞内高尔基体和内质网丰富,可能先通过形成小泡参与转运,再经由细胞壁向腔道内转移;相邻分泌细胞靠近角隅处的细胞壁分泌活动活跃,腔道内积累大量电子致密物质;成熟分泌道中分泌细胞及其腔道内积累大量油滴,因此挥发油主要积累场所为分泌细胞及其腔道。该研究明确了杭白芷根中分泌道的发生方式、分布及其挥发油积累部位,揭示了分泌道发育过程中挥发油的转运积累特征,为进一步阐明分泌组织生长发育与有效成分积累关系提供了理论依据。     

贯叶连翘的分泌结构及其与金线桃素积累的关系

贯叶连翘地上器官分布着分泌细胞球（黑色腺点）、分泌囊（半透明腺点）和分泌道（半透明腺条）３类内部分泌细胞,分泌细胞球在茎,叶和花器官中均有分布,由２层鞘细胞包围多个分泌细胞的构成实心的分泌细胞团。     

白花前胡营养器官结构及其分泌道分布规律的研究

运用石蜡切片方法,观察白花前胡营养器官的显微结构及其分泌道的分布特征,以明确营养器官内分泌结构的分布规律,为揭示白花前胡次生代谢产物的积累提供解剖学依据。结果表明,(1)白花前胡成长根从外到内由周皮、中柱鞘薄壁组织和次生维管组织组成,而且中柱鞘薄壁组织不同于一般双子叶植物根的结构;茎从外到内由表皮、皮层和维管柱组成;叶为异面叶结构。(2)白花前胡根、茎及叶中均有分泌道存在,分泌道在根中分布于中柱鞘薄壁组织和次生韧皮部中,茎中分布于皮层和髓中,叶中分布于维管束上下两侧的薄壁组织中。     

贯叶连翘的分泌结构及其与金丝桃素积累的关系

贯叶连翘（ＨｙｐｅｒｉｃｕｍｐｅｒｆｏｒａｔｕｍＬ．）地上器官分布着分泌细胞球（黑色腺点）、分泌囊（半透明腺点）和分泌道（半透明腺条）３类内部分泌结构。分泌细胞球在茎、叶和花器官中均有分布,由２层鞘细胞包围多个分泌细胞构成实心的分泌细胞团。分泌囊主要分布于叶片中,分泌道则分布于花器官中,它们都是由１～２层切向扁平细胞围绕圆形或长形腔道构成,腔道的贮存物为精油。利用组织化学方法,结合荧光显微镜观察,证实金丝桃素类物质是由分泌细胞球（黑色腺点）所合成和积累的。通过用戊二醛和锇酸固定样品的显微和超微结构观察,发现金丝桃素类物质积累在成熟腺体分泌细胞的中央大液泡中,细胞周围浓厚的细胞质中分布着大量小液泡和高尔基体、内质网等细胞器。在此基础上对金丝桃素类物质的积累过程进行了初步探讨     

五倍子的人工培育技术

五倍子是倍蚜虫寄生在漆树科盐肤木属的青麸杨、红麸杨、盐肤木等几种植物的叶翅和小叶上形成的虫瘿。是一种用途广泛的工业原料和传统的中药材。随着对五倍子研究的深入,需求量的扩大,发展五倍子的生产,推行人工培育技术,对满足国内外市场的需要有重要意义。     

Fine structure of the excretory system of the deep posterior (Ebner's) salivary glands of the human tongue

Human deep posterior lingual glands (von Ebner's glands) are located beneath the circumvallate papillae. They are formed by tubuloalveolar adenomeres, intercalated ducts and excretory ducts coming together in the main excretory duct. The tubuloalveolar cells, pyramid-shaped, show large and dense secretory granules (clear cored) throughout the cytoplasm, rare basal folds and packed cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) at the basal pole. The columnar cells of the intercalated ducts are arranged in a monolayer. They are characterized by dense, clear-core secretory granules (mostly in the apical cytoplasm), a basal nucleus, well-developed RER and Golgi apparatus, and thin filaments distributed in supra- and perinuclear cytoplasm. Striated ducts are absent. Excretory ducts, coming together in the main duct, are lined by a bistratified epithelium. The inner layer consists of columnar cells showing bundles of tonofilaments with scarce secretory activity. The outer layer is composed of basal cells lying on the basal lamina. The main excretory duct, which opens at the bottom of the vallum, shows a stratified epithelium. The outer side is composed of 2-3 layers of malpighian cells lying on the basal lamina. The inner side consists of a single layer of cuboidal-columnar cells with dense apical granules and well-developed organelles synthesizing and condensing secretions. These cells interpolate with goblet cells, rare mitochondria-rich cells, ciliated cells and numerous small globous cells showing a clear matrix and lacking secretory granules. The cilia show a 9 + 2 microtubular structure with basal bodies provided with striated rootlets. Myoepithelial cells surround with their processes the basal portions of the secretory cells and the intercalated ducts. The conclusions concern some comparative aspects and some hypothesis on the functional role of goblet cells, ciliated cells and epithelial cells lining the different ducts, also in relation to the final secretory product.     

Development of secretory units of mouse submandibular gland

Summary The fine structure of the secretory units of the mouse submandibular gland was studied according to the developmental sequence. The embryonic submandibular gland consists of terminal tubules and ducts. Myoepithelium is associated only with the terminal tubules, and the cells of the primary intercalated ducts show characteristics of the young striated duct cells. The major changes shortly after birth consist of: 1) opening of the secretory lumina, 2) increasing rough ER and its altered configuration, 3) dilatation of Golgi cisternae and 4) changes in the granular structure. These findings suggest that the salivary secretion first occurs after birth, and acinar differentiation or transformation of the secretory cells of the terminal tubules is induced and profoundly affected by the commencement of the secretory activity. In the intercalated ducts this process is somehow inhibited, and the granular cells found in the adult can be considered as the remnants of the secretory cells of the terminal tubules.     

The Secretory Structure of Hypericum perforatum and Its Relation to Hypericin Accumulation

Three different kinds of internal secretory structures, secretory cell globules (black dots), secretory cavities (translucent dots) and secretory ducts (translucent streaks) were observed in Hypericum perforatum L. The secretory cell globule, which occurred in flower, leaf and stem, consisted of a core of large secretory cells surrounded by two layers of flattened sheath cells. The secretory cavities were present throughout the lamina and the secretory ducts throughout the flower, both consisted of one or two layers of flattened cells walling an oil chamber or duct. Histochemical and fluorescence microscopy revealed that hypericin was accumulated in the secretory cell globules. Microscopic and ultrastmctural observation further demonstrated that hypericin was accumulated in the large central vacuole of the mature secretory cells. Numerous dictyosome, endoplasmic reticulum and small vacuoles were observed in the dense cytoplasm surrounded the large central vacuole. The process of hypericin accumulation in the secretory cells was preliminarily discussed.     

Prenatal development of the human submandibular gland

The prenatal development of the human submandibular gland has been investigated in 26 fetuses from the 10th week of gestation to full term. At 10-12 weeks, the glandular elements (primitive ducts and acini) were immature and surrounded by a loose mesenchyme. The acinar cell population increased gradually till the age of 32 weeks, and the rate of increase was diminished thereafter. At 16 weeks, intercalated and striated ducts were distinguished and their number increased till the age of 32 weeks when their number seemed to be stabilized. The development of the granular convoluted tubule cells from the proximal segments of striated ducts occupied the later stages of development. They appeared around the age of 20 weeks and proceeded till full term. At birth, the gland appeared devoid of mucous acini and fat cells and the secretory end-pieces were of the serous type. During the second trimester, periodic acid-Schiff- and alcian blue-positive secretory materials appeared in the epithelial cells of both ducts and acini, and in their lumina. This secretory activity was transitory and disappeared around the age of 28 weeks. The possible function of these secretory products is discussed.     

珊瑚菜植株分泌道发育和分布的解剖学观察

利用植物解剖学方法对珊瑚菜（Glehnia littoralis Fr．Schmidt ex Miq．）体内分泌道的发育和分布进行了观察。结果表明,珊瑚菜的分泌道有分枝,为溶生型,由1层分泌细胞围绕腔道而成。珊瑚菜叶片的分泌道发育较早,在幼叶阶段即发育成形。在根的次生韧皮部、根状茎的皮层和靠近初生木质部的髓部、叶脉的薄壁组织、叶柄维管束周围和厚角组织内侧的薄壁组织、花序轴正对维管束的皮层薄壁组织中以及果实的果壁维管束内外侧的薄壁组织中均分布有分泌道,分泌道在珊瑚菜体内分布广泛。     

Ultrastructure and complex carbohydrate ultracytochemistry of the cat parotid gland

The structure and glycoconjugate content of the cat parotid gland were analyzed at electron microscopic level by applying morphological techniques and three ultrastructural histochemical methods - HID-TCH-SP, LID-TCH-SP and PA-TCH-SP. This gland appeared as a typical salivary gland composed of acinar secretory cells, intercalated ducts, striated ducts and excretory ducts. The most common configuration of secretory granules consisted of a dense core surrounded by a variable electron-lucent halo. All ductal segments were characterized by the presence of different cell populations and small apical granules greatly different from those localized in the acinar cells. By using HID-TCH-SP we were able to demonstrate that in a few acinar cells there are sulphated sites, whereas PA-TCH-SP staining revealed the presence of vic-glycol radicals in all acinar cells preferentially located on the halo of secretory granules.     

Ultrastructure of human labial salivary glands. 3. Myoepithelium and ducts

Myoepithelial cells were present between the basal lamina and the acinar secretory cells of human labial salivary glands. In form and disposition, they resembled myoepithelial cells in the major salivary glands. Many of these cells possessed single cilia on their upper surfaces. Such cilia occasionally extended into invaginations of the overlying secretory cell. The intercalated ducts were variable in occurrence. Their epithelium ranged from columnar to squamous, and showed few signs of secretory activity. Few intralobular ducts possessed basal striations. While mitochondria were abundant in non-striated cells, they were randomly disposed in both basal and apical cytoplasm, and the basal plasmalemma showed only occasional infoldings. The paucity of true striated ducts in labial salivary glands may be responsible for the high concentration of sodium and chloride in unstimulated labial gland salivary secretions.