中国星盾炱属一新记录种

Asterina alchorneae Syd., Ann. Mycol. 36: 168. 1938. Fig. 1 Colonies mostly epiphyllous, black, thin, arachnoid to nearly velvety, scattered, up to 5 mm in diameter, sometime confluent. Hyphae brown, sinuous or nearly straight, opposite or…     

中国牙甲属Hydrophilus Geoffroy分类订正(鞘翅目:牙甲科)

对中国牙甲属Hydrophilus已知且有标本的种类进行了重新描述,编制了除卵形牙甲H.olivaceus Fabricius外的分种检索表。点腹牙甲H.sternitalis(Reitter)在我国的分布记录(除新疆外)为错误的鉴定。H.sternitalis(Reitter)应该被认为是宽跗牙甲H.piceus(Linnaeus)的异名。     

中国一新记录属——小裸囊菌属

<正>INTRODUCTION The genus Gymnascella was established by Peck in 1884 (see Kirk et al. 2008) with the type species G. aurantiaca. As an onygenalean ascomycetes it was unusual because it was mainly isolated from camel skin,     

我国刺鞘牙甲属四新种(鞘翅目：牙甲科)

我国的刺鞘牙甲属BerosusLeach昆虫前人共记载过4种,包括在两个亚属内,即：费氏刺鞘牙甲B.（Enoplurus）fairmaireiZaitz．、印度刺鞘牙甲B.（E．）indicusMotsh．、路氏刺鞘牙甲B.（E．）lewisiusSharp和柔毛刺鞘牙甲从（s．str．）pulchellusM'Leay。本文增加4新种,即齿腹刺鞘牙甲B.（s．str．）dentatisWuetPu,黄氏刺鞘牙甲B.（E．）huangiJiaetPu,云南刺鞘牙甲B.（E．）yunnanensisJiaetPu和黑背刺鞘牙甲B.（E．）atrodorsusJiaetPu。全部模式标本保存于中山大学昆虫学研究所。我国刺鞘牙甲属BerosusLeach种检索表l（4…     

菌瘿伞属,中国的一个新记录属

Squamanita Imbach, Mitt. Naturf. Ges. Luzern 15: 81, 1946; Bas, Persoonia 3: 333, 1965; Singer, Agar. Mod. Tax. 2nd edn. 242, 1962; Singer, Agar. Mod. Tax. 4nd edn. 507, 1986. Type: Squamanita schreieri Imbach. Fruit-bodies stipitate, tricholomatoid, gro…     

中国隆胸牙甲属Paracymus记述

记述我国己知的隆胸牙甲属Paracymus 4种,制作了分种检索表。其中曲脊隆胸牙甲P.reldxus Rey和小隆胸牙甲Palomus Orchymont为中国新记录种。     

聚雄菌属一新种

本文报道了寄生在一种双叶甲科(Biphyllidae)昆虫上的虫囊菌,聚雄菌属(Synandromyces)一新种,命名为“中国聚雄菌”(Synandromyces sinensis Y.H.Shen)。有拉丁文及中文描述。模式标本保存在广东省微生物研究所。     

Antibody epitopes on the neuraminidase of a recent H3N2 influenza virus (A/Memphis/31/98)

We have characterized monoclonal antibodies raised against the neuraminidase (NA) of a Sydney-like influenza virus (A/Memphis/31/98, H3N2) in a reassortant virus A/NWS/33(HA)-A/Mem/31/98(NA) (H1N2) and nine escape mutants selected by these monoclonal antibodies. Five of the antibodies use the same heavy chain VDJ genes and may not be independent. Another antibody, Mem5, uses the same V(H) and J genes with a different D gene and different isotype. Sequence changes in escape mutants selected by these antibodies occur in two loops of the NA, at amino acid 198, 199, 220, or 221. These amino acids are located on the opposite side of the NA monomer to the major epitopes found in N9 and early N2 NAs. Escape mutants with a change at 198 have reduced NA activity compared to the wild-type virus. Asp198 points toward the substrate binding pocket, and we had previously found that a site-directed mutation of this amino acid resulted in a loss of enzyme activity (M. R. Lentz, R. G. Webster, and G. M. Air, Biochemistry 26:5351-5358, 1987). Mutations at residue 199, 220, or 221 did not alter the NA activity significantly compared to that of wild-type NA. A 3.5-A structure of Mem5 Fab complexed with the Mem/98 NA shows that the Mem5 antibody binds at the sites of escape mutation selected by the other antibodies.     

The amino acid sequence of a lambda light chain presenting abnormal physicochemical and antigenic features

The amino acid sequence of the light chain of a human monoclonal IgA1 (Mem) was established, in part by analogy with already known sequences. By homology its variable part was shown to belong to the V lambda I subgroup while the isotype-associated amino acid residues characterized it as Mcg+, Kern+ and Oz-. The normal primary structure of this chain was in contrast to its abnormal physical and antigenic properties: (a) its apparent molecular mass estimated by SDS/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, by gel filtration chromatography and by gradient ultracentrifugation was found to be lower by approximately equal to 10% than the values (23.5 kDa) of 'normal' light chain used as controls; (b) the lambda I chain Mem, when tested in native state was not antigenically reactive. These abnormalities were reverted when the chain was treated with 8 M urea. These data suggest that the abnormal behaviour of lambda I chain Mem is at a conformational level.     

Ultrastructure of male sex pheromone glands in abdominal tergites of five Lutzomyia sandfly species (Diptera: Psychodidae)

The fine structure of male sex pheromone disseminating structures on abdominal segments of five species of Lutzomyia sandflies (Diptera: Psychodidae) was analyzed. Scanning electron microscopy showed that in Lutzomyia cruzi [Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 33 (1938) 349] and Lutzomyia longipalpis [Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 4 (1912) 84], the disseminating structures are located in pale spots on abdominal tergites IV or III and IV and are morphologically similar, appearing as small round cuticular elevations with a central pore. Observation of abdominal tergites of L. longipalpis pupae showed that the spots, but not the structures, are already present in this stage. In Lutzomyia lenti [Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 33 (1938) 349] and Lutzomyia carmelinoi [Mem. Inst. Oswaldo Cruz 81 (1986) 323] adult males, the disseminating structures are present on tergal segments V and VI, where pale spots could not be observed, and appear as apple-like elevations with a central pore. In Lutzomyia renei, a single disseminating structure is found at the anterior region of tergal segment VI. Transmission electron microscopy was used to analyze the gland cell fine structure in L. cruzi. Several class III gland cells are located side by side in the fourth abdominal segment. Each epidermal secretory cell contains a small reservoir and a short outlet channel through the cuticle.     

Magnetic Actuated Shape-memory Helical Microswimmers with Programmable Recovery Behaviors

Inspired by bacterial flagella in nature,magnetic helical microswimmer is an ideal model to perform complex task in a low Reynolds number environments.Shape Mem...     

Induction of immune response to influenza virus with anti-idiotypic antibodies.

Anti-idiotypic (anti-Id) antibodies were raised in rabbits against five monoclonal antibodies (MAbs) specific for different antigenic sites on the hemagglutinin (HA) of influenza virus Mem71H-BelN (H3N1) [A/Memphis/1/71 (H3N2) x A/Bel/42 (H1N1)]. Each of the anti-Id sera was directed predominantly towards a unique (private) idiotype of the immunizing MAb, none of the five idiotypes being detectable in pooled BALB/c antisera against Mem71H-BelN virus or on most other anti-HA MAbs tested. Partial idiotypic sharing was observed, however, between certain MAbs, from different mice, having the same or similar epitope specificity for HA. When used as immunogens in BALB/c mice, two of the five anti-Id preparations induced antibodies that reacted with Mem71H-BelN virus and displayed neutralizing activity. Mice of other inbred strains responded similarly, indicating that the response was not genetically restricted by the Igh locus. From their pattern of reactivity with mutants of Mem71H-BelN virus with known single amino acid substitutions in the HA molecule, the antiviral antibodies elicited by anti-Id antibodies were shown to be directed to the same antigenic site on A/Memphis/1/71 HA as the original immunizing MAb (site A or site E, respectively). However, several of these antisera were shown to contain additional distinct subpopulations of antibodies specific for heterologous influenza A virus strains, either of the H3 subtype or of a different HA subtype (H1 or H2). Since the induction of antibodies to HA of different subtypes is not a feature of the antibody response to influenza virus itself, their induction by anti-Id antibodies merits further investigation.     

The Mycoplasma fermentans prophage phiMFV1: genome organization, mobility and variable expression of an encoded surface protein

The approximately 16 kb genome of the Mycoplasma fermentans phiMFV1 prophage is described, and its mobility, replication and effect on the mycoplasma surface phenotype are demonstrated. In various M. fermentans strains, phiMFV1 was either absent or integrated at diverse (and sometimes multiple) chromosomal sites, each marked by a conserved TTTTTA target sequence that is duplicated upon integration. Precise excision, replication of an extrachromosomal form and loss of phiMFV1 from the mycoplasmal genome were documented in a series of clonal derivatives of M. fermentans propagated in culture. Of 18 open reading frames (ORFs) encoded by phiMFV1, most can be ascribed functions related to phage biology, whereas one encodes a unique coiled-coil membrane surface protein, Mem, that was confirmed to be expressed in propagating populations of M. fermentans. With the exception of Mem and other minor ORFs, the striking similarity between the deduced proteomes of phiMFV1 and the recently described phiMAV1 of arthritogenic strains of Mycoplasma arthritidis, along with the prominent gene synteny between these elements, provides the taxonomic basis for a new family of prophage. Their coding features are consistent with long-term residence in mycoplasma genomes and the divergence of species within a phylogenetic clade of mycoplasmas. The unique Mem protein expressed from phiMFV1 and the unique hypothetical surface lipoproteins encoded by phiMAV1 and phiMFV1 also suggest that prophage-associated genes may provide specific, selectable phenotypic traits during co-evolution of mycoplasma species with their respective mammalian hosts. Retention of these labile prophage elements in organisms with such drastically reduced genome sizes implies a significant role in adaptation and survival.     

南方红豆杉野生种与栽培品种‘金锡杉’针叶代谢物的比较分析

利用广泛靶向代谢组的方法对相同生境下南方红豆杉野生种(Taxuswallichiana var.mairei)及栽培品种‘金锡杉’(Taxus wallichiana var.maireicv.‘Jinxishan’)针叶中代谢物含量差异进行分析。结果表明:(1)在野生种和栽培品种的针叶提取物中,共鉴定出689种代谢物并获得其相应的积分定量值,包括初生代谢物326种、次生代谢物334种和其他类成分29种。(2)定量分析结果显示,有71种代谢物在两种红豆杉中的表达差异显著,这些差异代谢物主要富集在糖代谢、脂质合成等初生代谢途径,以及黄酮类合成等次生代谢途径中。(3)在‘金锡杉’针叶中,大多数氨基酸(5种)和黄酮类代谢物(10种)含量远高于野生种,而糖代谢(3种)、脂类合成(4种)及TCA循环(3种)途径中的差异代谢物含量均远低于野生种。研究认为‘金锡杉’针叶中黄酮类次生代谢物含量升高归因于苯丙氨酸和酪氨酸代谢途径的协同调控,从而增强‘金锡杉’对外界环境的适应性;而‘金锡杉’中低含量的,涉及糖代谢、脂类生物合成以及TCA循环等途径的代谢物造成的能量供应不足,则通过合成大量的氨基酸类物质来维持平衡。     

中国悬钩子属新分类群

近年来对我国9个省的悬钩子属植物资源进行了调查采集,并在南京中山植物园建立了田间种质库进行观察研究。本文报导在云南省悬钩子资源调查中发现的1个新种和5个新变种,它们是:Rubus godongensis Gu et Li, R. biflorus Buch.-Ham.ex Smith var.spinocalycinus Gu et Li, R. glabricarpus Cheng var.eglandulosus Gu et Li, R. gongshanensis Yü et Lu var.eglandulosus Gu et Li, R. parvifolius L.var.purpureus Gu et Li, R. viburnifolius Focke var.apetalus Gu etLi.     

cis-Regulatory elements for mesophyll-specific gene expression in the C4 plant Flaveria trinervia, the promoter of the C4 phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase gene

C(4) photosynthesis depends on the strict compartmentalization of CO(2) assimilatory enzymes. cis-regulatory mechanisms are described that ensure mesophyll-specific expression of the gene encoding the C(4) isoform of phosphoenolpyruvate carboxylase (ppcA1) of the C(4) dicot Flaveria trinervia. To elucidate and understand the anatomy of the C(4) ppcA1 promoter, detailed promoter/reporter gene studies were performed in the closely related C(4) species F. bidentis, revealing that the C(4) promoter contains two regions, a proximal segment up to -570 and a distal part from -1566 to -2141, which are necessary but also sufficient for high mesophyll-specific expression of the beta-glucuronidase reporter gene. The distal region behaves as an enhancer-like expression module that can direct mesophyll-specific expression when inserted into the ppcA1 promoter of the C(3) plant F. pringlei. Mesophyll expression determinants were restricted to a 41-bp segment, referred to as mesophyll expression module 1 (Mem1). Evolutionary and functional studies identified the tetranucleotide sequence CACT as a key component of Mem1.     

Cover Picture

Classical Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines (KMH2, top; L428, bottom) after co‐culture with mCherry‐CD30L/CHO (right) or mCherry‐Mem/CHO cells (left). Right panels indicate co‐localisation of fluorescent signals for CD30L (red)‐CD30 and lysosomal compartment (cyan).