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稀土元素在植物中的分异及其概念模型 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
通过添加外源混合稀土、溶液培养等方式, 研究了稀土元素在大豆植株中的分异特征及其机制. 大豆根和叶中分别出现显著的中稀土(MREE)富集和重稀土(HREE)富集, 茎中出现轻、 重稀土(LREE/HREE)的轻微分异, 同时在以上器官观察到四重效应. 通过X射线吸收光谱(XAS)分析和纳米TiO2吸附技术分析了根及木质部伤流液中稀土离子的存在形态, 结合其他条件实验结果, 推断稀土元素在根中的分异主要由细胞壁吸附及磷沉淀主导的固定机制造成, 而地上部的分异由内源有机配体作用下的转移机制与固定机制共同造成, 并在此基础上提出了稀土元素在植物中分异的概念模型. 相似文献
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茶园土壤类型对铁观音茶叶稀土元素分布和组成的影响 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为探明铁观音茶的质量安全状况,追溯隐患来源,对福建安溪县不同土壤茶园的铁观音茶叶进行稀土元素的分布、组成、迁移和富集能力进行研究。结果表明,安溪县红壤、黄红壤、黄壤茶园稀土组成均以镧、铈、钕、钇为主,但具体组成特征各异。3种类型土壤茶园铁观音茶叶片、叶柄稀土元素组成均以钇、镧、铈、钕4种元素为主,且含量均以第3叶第2叶第1叶叶柄。同种土壤类型茶园铁观音茶树不同部位叶片的稀土元素组成特征类似,但叶与叶柄对稀土元素的吸收能力不同。土壤类型对茶叶稀土元素的累积有显著影响,黄红壤茶园的茶叶稀土元素含量要显著低于红壤、黄壤茶园的(P0.05)。土壤与茶叶中稀土元素组成的相关系数为0.886~0.985,P 0.001,表明二者稀土元素组成密切相关。因此,铁观音茶叶中稀土元素累积、分布与茶园土壤类型有显著相关性。 相似文献
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稀土元素浸种能够促进小麦(Triticum aestivum L.)幼苗对NO_3~-的吸收,提高硝酸还原酶活力。这些效应与稀土浓度有关,低浓度有促进作用,高浓度则有抑制作用。稀土元素处理还能促进小麦幼苗体内NO_3~-的同化还原,使硝态氮含量降低,氨基氮含量增加,促进了氮素代谢过程。 相似文献
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有机物料对土壤镉形态及其生物有效性的影响 总被引:14,自引:0,他引:14
采用盆栽试验,研究了淹水种稻条件下添加猪粪和泥炭对红壤和潮土中内源和外源Cd形态及其生物有效性的影响。结果表明,土壤中内源Cd在各形态之间的分布比较均匀;添加外源Cd时Cd主要分布于交换态,从分蘖期到成熟期,内源Cd交换态普遍升高,添加外源Cd时交换态普遍降低。有机物料对内源Cd交换态的影响不显著,但当添加外源Cd时则对交换态有显著影响,在不添加外源Cd的条件下,有机物料普遍促进水稻根系对Cd的吸收。在添加外源Cd的条件下,有机物料普遍抑制水稻根系对Cd的吸收,猪粪的抑制效果强于泥炭,水稻根系对Cd与Fe的累积呈显著抑制作用。 相似文献
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不同轮作制度对淮北白浆土团聚体及其有机碳的积累与分布的影响 总被引:44,自引:0,他引:44
淮北白浆土是苏鲁交界地区主要低产土壤 ,同时也是我国黄淮地区商品粮生产基地的重要土壤资源。该土壤除了剖面发生分异强烈、土壤理化性质不良外 ,有机碳匮乏是其主要肥力限制因子 [1]。土壤有机碳不但是维持和培育土壤质量的关键组成成分 ,而全球土壤有机碳每年分解释放大气 CO2 而且达到 0 .1~ 5.4C Pg·年 -1,土壤碳 0 .1 %的变化将导致大气圈 CO2 浓度 1 mg· L - 1的变化。因而其存储和释放的变化与大气 CO2 动态有密切的关系 [9,10 ] 。农业土壤对大气 CO2 的截存贡献是研究陆地系统对大气 CO2 的汇效应 (sink effect)的焦点 … 相似文献
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氮素形态对小白菜生长和碳氮积累的影响 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
水培条件下,研究不同氮素形态(硝态氮、铵态氮、甘氨酸、谷氨酰胺、丙氨酸、牛血清蛋白,以及甘氨酸与硝态氮、牛血清蛋白与硝态氮的混合氮源)对小白菜生长和碳氮积累的影响.结果表明:不同氮素形态对小白菜质量、碳氮积累量、可溶性蛋白质含量、可溶性糖含量和游离氨基酸含量的影响不同;硝态氮处理下小白菜地上部分和根的干质量与鲜质量均最大;甘氨酸对小白菜根系的生长及碳氮积累具有明显的促进作用;在3种氨基酸中,谷氨酰胺更有利于小白菜地上部分的生长和氮积累.聚类分析表明,9种氮素形态处理按营养效应大小分为:硝态氮、谷氨酰胺>甘氨酸与硝态氮混合氮源、牛血清蛋白与硝态氮混合氮源、甘氨酸、铵态氮>丙氨酸、牛血清蛋白、对照.有机氮源可以作为小白菜生长的氮源,不同的氮素形态对植物产生的生理效应不同. 相似文献
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黄粉虫幼虫对硒的生物积累 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在饲料中添加含硒化合物喂养黄粉虫Tenebrio molitor L.幼虫,测定幼虫硒含量、粪便硒含量和体重的变化,计算黄粉虫幼虫特定生长率及幼虫对硒生物积累系数,分析黄粉虫有效积累硒的条件。结果表明,饲料硒含量在15~20mg/kg时,幼虫硒含量明显提高,对硒的生物积累系数高于其它试验组水平,饲料硒含量过高,幼虫硒含量降低,正常生长受到抑制。黄粉虫幼虫特定生长率、取食量、排粪量、干物质含量随着饲料硒含量的增加而降低,死亡率、粪便硒含量随着饲料硒含量的增加而增大。饲料硒含量为15~20mg/kg时黄粉虫幼虫对硒的生物积累效果最好。 相似文献
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《Chemical Speciation and Bioavailability》2013,25(3):125-142
AbstractThe toxicity, mobility, bioavailability and bioaccumulation of metals are dependent on the particular physico-chemical form in which the element occurs in the environment. Special attention has been paid to metals which are essential for the proper functioning of organisms if present in appropriate amounts but are toxic if in excess (i.e. Se, Cr), and also to non-essential elements (i.e. Hg, Pb, Cd, Sn and As). To assess the potential hazard to the health of marine organisms, qualitative and quantitative analyses of metal species accumulating along the food chain needs to be carried out. This paper reviews the available information on the speciation of trace elements in the food chain in marine ecosystems and the analytical tools used for acquiring reliable information in this field. Advantages and limitations of commonly used techniques indicate that all metal species in different samples need diverse extraction, separation and detection conditions. Although not recommending which procedure is the most suitable to determine a given compound, speciation analysis has the potential to be a powerful tool for the identification of trace element species in biological samples. 相似文献
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Rare earth elements in soil and in soil-grown plants 总被引:21,自引:0,他引:21
Concentrations of the rare earth elements (REEs) La, Ce, Nd, Sm, Eu, Gd, Tb, Yb and Lu were determined in leaves of 6 plant species (Norway spruce, silver fir, maple, ivy, blackberry, and wood fern), and in pertinent soils and soil extracts, also taken from the same site. The distribution of the individual REEs in plants showed little or no agreement with that in the soil or the soil extracts. Ce had a negative anomaly with respect to the soil in all plants. The REE distribution patterns of fir and spruce were almost identical, but differed profoundly from that of the other species. In most cases, concentration ratios between species were a smooth function of the atomic number of the REE. Very similar results were obtained at 2 additional sites. 相似文献
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在我国施用稀土时间最长的黑龙江花园农场,研究了连续12a叶面喷施稀土对小麦植株及土壤中稀土元素总含量和分布模式的影响。结果表明:连续12a叶施稀土没有造成土壤中元素含量及分布模式的变化;对小麦拔节始期(喷施稀土7d)后叶部的影响较大,La,Ce最明显增高,叶部稀土元素分布模式与“常乐”稀土中的相一致,与土壤中稀土元素分布模式不同,而在小麦拔节始期的根部、小麦成熟期的根、茎、叶、壳等部位稀土元素分布 相似文献
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研究了稀土离子钇(Y3+)对栓菌Trametes sp. 菌株LS-10C发酵产漆酶的影响。结果表明,钇元素对该菌株发酵产漆酶有显著的促进作用,当培养基中Y3+浓度达到12mmol/L时,漆酶活力达到最高为70.25U/mL,是不添加Y3+发酵产漆酶活力的5.3倍。蛋白质组学研究结果表明,Y3+促进了细胞膜组分相关蛋白的表达上调,上调蛋白数占细胞组分富集上调蛋白总数的70.5%。此外在碳水化合物代谢,草酸代谢过程上调蛋白也有明显的富集。该研究明确了稀土元素Y3+对栓菌产漆酶的促进作用,并初步分析了稀土元素Y3+作用下栓菌Trametes sp. LS-10C的蛋白质组的变化规律,为研究稀土元素促进栓菌产漆酶的分子机理奠定了基础。 相似文献
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Six novel 2‐(benzylcarbamoyl)phenyl derivatives were synthesized and characterized by 1H‐NMR, mass spectrometry, infrared spectra and elemental analysis. Their europium complexes were prepared and characterized by elemental analysis, EDTA titrimetric analysis, IR and UV spectra as well as molar conductivity measurements. The luminescence properties of these complexes were investigated and results show that 2‐(benzylcarbamoyl)phenyl derivatives possess high selectivity and good coordination with the europium ion. Complex Eu‐2‐(benzylcarbamoyl)phenyl‐2‐phenylacetate showed green luminescence that was emitted by the ligand of 2‐(benzylcarbamoyl)phenyl‐2‐phenylacetate, while other complexes showed the characteristic red luminescence of europium ion and also possessed high luminescence intensity. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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DING ShiMing LIANG Tao YAN JunCai ZHANG ZiLi HUANG ZeChun & XIE YaNing 《中国科学:生命科学英文版》2007,50(1):47-55
Fractionations of rare earth elements (REEs) and their mechanisms in soybean were studied through application of exogenous mixed REEs under hydroponic conditions. Significant enrichment of middle REEs (MREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs) was observed in plant roots and leaves respectively, with slight fractionation between light REEs (LREEs) and HREEs in stems. Moreover, the tetrad effect was observed in these organs. Investigations into REE speciation in roots and in the xylem sap using X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and nanometer-sized TiO2 adsorption techniques, associated with other controlled experiments, demonstrated that REE fractionations should be dominated by fixation mechanism in roots caused by cell wall absorption and phosphate precipitation, and by the combined effects of fixation mechanism and transport mechanism in aboveground parts caused by solution complexation by intrinsic organic ligands. A conceptive model was established for REE fractionations in plants based on the above studies. 相似文献
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Fractionations of rare earth elements (REEs) and their mechanisms in soybean were studied through application of exogenous
mixed REEs under hydroponic conditions. Significant enrichment of middle REEs (MREEs) and heavy REEs (HREEs) was observed
in plant roots and leaves respectively, with slight fractionation between light REEs (LREEs) and HREEs in stems. Moreover,
the tetrad effect was observed in these organs. Investigations into REE speciation in roots and in the xylem sap using X-ray
absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and nanometer-sized TiO2 adsorption techniques, associated with other controlled experiments, demonstrated that REE fractionations should be dominated
by fixation mechanism in roots caused by cell wall absorption and phosphate precipitation, and by the combined effects of
fixation mechanism and transport mechanism in aboveground parts caused by solution complexation by intrinsic organic ligands.
A conceptive model was established for REE fractionations in plants based on the above studies. 相似文献