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葫芦科植物包括多种瓜类蔬菜,对其进行离体培养研究具有重要的理论和实践意义。综述了国内在葫芦科植物器官培养、体细胞胚胎发生、花药培养、原生质体培养和体细胞杂交及离体遗传转化等方面取得的研究进展,并对葫芦科植物离体培养、遗传转化与育种的前景作了展望。 相似文献
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甜瓜离体再生继代培养中玻璃化现象的研究 总被引:3,自引:1,他引:3
为提高甜瓜离体培养的再生率和转基因效率,以优质甜瓜品种‘伽师瓜’(‘卡拉库赛’)离体再生不定芽为外植体,通过连续多代继代培养,对引起玻璃化苗现象的几个主要因素进行了研究。结果表明,在甜瓜离体再生继代培养中,外植体继代次数是影响玻璃化发生的主要因素,同时培养基中的6-BA浓度偏高、琼脂浓度偏低以及蔗糖浓度偏低或偏高等可导致玻璃化苗的增加。培养基中较低的6-BA浓度(0~0.2 mg/L),琼脂浓度为6 g/L,蔗糖浓度为25 g/L以及添加活性炭等措施可有效地降低甜瓜玻璃化苗的发生。 相似文献
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枳壳外植体离体再生及农杆菌介导的遗传转化 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
以枳壳实生苗的上胚轴及茎段为材料,在附加有BA和MT培养基上进行培养,上胚轴出芽率普遍高于茎段,BA为1mg/L时,出芽率最高,BA浓度升高,出芽率随之下降。外植体在培养基上的接种方式,对出芽有一定影响,上胚轴切段 形态学下端垂直插入,出芽率高。 相似文献
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植物离体培养细胞的类减数分裂 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
PlantSomaticMeiosis-likeDivisioninvitroChenYihuaChenZhenghua(InstituteofGeneties,TheChineseAcademyofSeienees,Beijing100101)在离休培养条件下,相物细胞染色作容易发生数目和结构变异,这些变计包括染色体信性变异、非整倍体的出现、染色体断裂、易位、缺失、落后染色体及染色体桥等[1,3—5,6—8,13,14,21,22,26,28,30),这此变异是体细胞无性系变异(somaclonalvariation)的来源之一.在众多的报道中,有一种染色体数目减少的现象被人们所注意。过去减数分裂总是与雌雄配子发生过程相连系的、在离休诱导细胞脱分… 相似文献
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1 植物名称 节瓜 (Benincasahispidavar.chieh qua)品种“四号江心节”。2 材料类别 种子萌发的无菌苗茎尖。3 培养条件 ( 1 )种子萌发培养基 :1 /2MS0 ;( 2 )芽诱导和增殖培养基 :MS + 6 BA 4.0mg·L- 1 (单位下同 ) +IAA 0 .2 ;( 3)伸长培养基 :MS + 6 BA1 .0 +IAA 0 .5 ;( 4 )生根培养基 :MS +IAA 0 .5。培养基 ( 2 )~ ( 4 )均附加 0 .7%琼脂和 3%蔗糖 ,pH5 .8~ 6.0 ,培养温度为 ( 2 5± 2 )℃ ,光照度为 2 0 0 0lx ,光照时间 1 2h·d- 1 。4 生长与分化情况4.1 无… 相似文献
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在生根培养基中加入0.5或2.0PPm PP333, 明显地减少了苹果离体新梢的鲜重和干重、叶片鲜重和叶面积,增加了比叶重、根的鲜重和干重及根梢鲜重和干重比,并促进了根的形成。PP333对单位叶重量的叶绿素含量没有影响,而增加了单位叶面积的叶绿素含量。经PP333处理后,叶片中的淀粉含量、过氧化物酶活性、蛋白质和游离氨基酸的含量均明显高于对照,可溶性糖与对照差异不明显。 相似文献
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J. Y. Zhu Steve P. Verrill Hao Liu Victoria L. Herian Xuejun Pan Donald L. Rockwood 《Bioenergy Research》2011,4(3):201-210
This paper discusses a property associated with plant biomass recalcitrance to enzyme and microbial deconstructions in sugar production from cellulose and hemicelluloses. The hemicelluloses are more readily hydrolyzed to sugars than is cellulose. As a result, optimization to maximize individual glucose and hemicellulose sugar recovery is not possible. This property is an inherent feature of plant biomass and is named polydispersity of plant biomass recalcitrance (PPBR) in this study. A set of pretreatment experiments using eucalyptus and sulfite pretreatment to overcome recalcitrance of lignocelluloses was conducted. The results were used to predict the conditions for individually maximizing enzymatic glucose and xylose yields. The predicted maximal yields were used to quantitatively illustrate the PPBR concept. The effect of PPBR on pretreatment optimization and strategies for maximal sugar recovery using two-stage pretreatment are discussed. 相似文献
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Anita Grover 《植物科学评论》2012,31(1):57-73
Chitinase proteins are widely distributed across diverse biological systems. Chitinases hydrolyze chitin, chitosan, lipochitooligosaccharides, peptidoglycan, arabinogalactan and glycoproteins containing N-acetylglucosamine. Analyses of genome-wide sequence and microarray expression profilings show that chitinase genes are represented by large families and the individual member genes are expressed in diverse conditions. Chitinase proteins are members in the group of the pathogenesis-related proteins that are strongly induced when host plant cells are challenged by pathogen stress and thus chitinases constitute an important arsenal of plants against fungal pathogens. Transgenic plants have been produced that overexpress chitinases alone or in conjunction with other defense-related proteins. The phenotype analyses of such plants have shown enhanced disease resistance in large number of cases. Apart from defense against pathogen stress, chitinases are implicated in relationships between plant cells and fungi (e.g., mycorrhizae associations) and bacteria (e.g., legume/Rhizobium associations). Chitinases are also involved in plant abiotic stress responses as noted for osmotic, salt, cold, wounding and heavy metal stresses. Chitinases play a role in developmental aspects of plants too (i.e., regulation of plant embryogenesis process). A detailed account of the genetic diversity and functional aspects of plant chitinases is presented in this review. 相似文献
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Stuart J. Cowell 《BMJ (Clinical research ed.)》1937,2(3999):406-409
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植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础及主要影响因素 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
刘福平 《基因组学与应用生物学》2010,29(6)
植物体细胞无性系变异在组织培养中是非常普遍的现象,对改良植物品种和选育新品种具有重要的意义,但同时也是植物组培在所有其它应用领域的一大难题。植物体细胞无性系变异的遗传基础包括染色体变异、转座子活化、DNA甲基化状态改变、基因突变和DNA重复序列的改变等,这些因素相互关联,不是孤立地作为体细胞无性系变异的起源。在影响体细胞无性系变异的主要因素中,外植体脱分化的细胞分裂方式、培养基的生长调节物质、培养物经受氧化胁迫水平与体细胞无性系变异有着较为密切的联系,其中外源生长素、细胞分裂素是最重要的外部影响因素。通过本综述,在减少组培过程中无性系变异方面,建议深入了解生长调节物质与体细胞无性系变异遗传基础的关系,并以此为基础尝试无性系变异防控办法。 相似文献
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植物凝集素及其在抗虫植物基因工程中的应用 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
植物凝集素是一类具有特异糖结合活性的蛋白,具有一个或多个可以与糖或寡聚糖特异可逆结合的非催化结构域。其糖结合活性是针对外源寡糖,参与植物的防御反应。本文综述了有关植物凝集素分子生物学的研究进展,介绍了植物凝集素的分类、糖结合特性、近年来有关植物凝集素蛋白晶体结构的研究,及其与糖结合能力相关的生物学功能。并对植物凝集素在抗虫植物基因工程中的应用现状及发展前景做了阐述。
Abstract:Plant lectins are proteins possessing at least one non-catalytic domain that binds reversibly to specific mono-or oligosaccharides.They distinguish themselves from other plant proteins by the ability of carbohydrate binding.Most plant lectins are directed to bind foreign polysacchride.Plant lectin is believed to take part in the defense responses against invader.In this paper we presented a review on the classification,characters,functions,crystal structure and,functions related to the carbohydrate binding activity.The status and prospect of plant lectins utilization were also discussed. 相似文献
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植物通气组织的形成过程和生理生态学意义 总被引:30,自引:1,他引:29
文章从感受逆境信号、信号传递到细胞解体形成通气组织等几个过程介绍了植物通气组织形成过程的研究进展 ,并阐述了通气组织的生理生态学意义。 相似文献
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