青霉素G酰化酶α亚基Ser177的突变对酶活性的影响

用盒式突变和定点突变对大肠杆菌青霉素G酰化酶α亚基177位ser进行了突变研究,结果发现所挑选的突变体均无酶的活力,这一结果可能可以用来解释Ser 177附近肽段和一些青霉素结合蛋白青霉素结合区在一级结构上保持同源性的原因。     

青霉素G酰化酶基因Ser177的定点突变

本研究用缺口以链法对肠杆菌青霉素Ｇ酰化酶（ＰＧＡ）基因Ｓｅｒ１７７进行寡核苷酸定点突变。通过ＮＩＰＡＢ（２－硝基－５－苯乙酰胺苯甲酸）试纸法筛选和测序鉴定,获得突变体Ｃｙｓ１７７,Ｇｌｙ１７７,Ａｒｇ１７７和Ａｓｎ１７７。它们的ＰＧＡ活性均已丧失。酶蛋白电泳分析表明突变体蛋白在体内正常表达。推测ＰＧＡ Ｓｅｒ１７７秀可能位于酶底物结合中心,是酶活性所必需,不能被置换。     

青霉素G酰化酶β亚基Ser^579,Arg^580的定点突变研究

According to the comparison of amino acid sequence between PGA (Penicillin G Acylase) and PBPs (Penicillin Binding Protein), We suggest that No. 565-595 peptide fragment in beta-subunit of PGA may be a substrate-binding site of enzyme. Plasmid pTZGA was constructed by cloning the 2.6 kb PGA gene of pWGA into phagemid pTZ18U The technique of site-specific mutagenesis was used to study the role of residue No. 579 (Ser) and No. 580 (Arg) of PGA. Four kinds of mutants were obtained (Ser579-->Gly579, Arg580-->Gly580, Arg580-->Glu580, Arg580-->Lys580), both Glu580 and Gly580 mutants showed no activity of enzyme and Lys580 mutant remained 30% and Gly579 mutant kept 70% activity of wilde type. The same protein expression of four mutants according to the results of ELISA indicate that mutation does not affect the expression of PGA, but Arg580 residue may be essential for substrate-binding or catalysis of PGA.     

定点突变提高青霉素G酰化酶的稳定性

以大肠杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的晶体结构为模板 ,用软件PMODELING同源模建巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的三维结构。在此基础上 ,将 β亚基 4 2 7位 (突变A)和 4 3 0位 (突变B)赖氨酸残基突变为丙氨酸 ,降低了该酶的等电点 ,增加了疏水性 ,从而提高其在酸性和有机溶剂环境中的稳定性。两个突变体与亲本相比 ,比活力和Km相近 ,最适pH减少了 0 .5个单位 ,突变B在 pH 5 .2的溶液中的稳定性明显提高。突变A和B在 15 %DMF中的半衰期分别比亲本酶提高了 60 %和 166%     

青霉素酰化酶活性中心的定点突变

对Ｅ．ｃｏｌｅ ＡＴＣＣ １１１０５的青霉素酰化酶（ｐｅｎｉｃｉｌｌｉｎ Ｇ ａｃｙｌａｓｅ,ＰＧＡ）活性中心的Ｓｅｒ２９０分别进行了定点突变和和化学修饰,将活性中心的Ｓｅｒ２９０改变成Ｃｙｓ或Ｓｅｃｙｓ,ＰＧＡ水解活力均大为下降,但仍保留部分活性。其对底物６－硝基（３－苯乙酰氨基）苯甲酸（６－ｎｉｔｒｏ－３－ｐｈｅｎｙｌａｃｅｔａｍｉｄｏ ｂｅｎｚｏｉｃ ａｃｉｄ,ＮＩＰＡＢ）的ｋｃａｔ分别从１     

化学修饰对青霉素G酰化酶活性的影响

为进一步阐明大肠杆菌AE 109青霉素G酰化酶(PA,E.C.3.5.1.11)的结构与功能关系,研究了数种修饰剂对酶活性的影响;同时测定了四种作用物存在下对各修饰剂修饰酶的影响。结果表明Ser残基处于酶的活性部位,Met残基可能处于与底物结合的部位,His和Cys残基与酶的活性无关。     

一步法纯化青霉素G酰化酶

本文报导了用水平等电聚焦电泳技术由粗酶液一步纯化制得纯青霉素G酰化酶.     

巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的定点突变及其动力学性质研究

为了提高青霉素G酰化酶（PGA）在酸性及有机溶剂中的稳定性,以大肠杆菌的晶体结构为模板,用软件PMODELING同源模建巨大芽孢杆菌青霉素G酰化酶的三维结构结构并且选择PGA分子表面的合适碱性氨基酸突变为丙氨酸,通过三种不同的快速PCR介导定位突变的方法,将位于PGA的α亚基21位、128位和β亚基492位、512位的赖氨酸残基分别突变为丙氨酸,获得四个突变酶Kα021A、Kα128A、Kβ492A和Kβ512A。其中Kα128A和Kβ512A保持与野生型相近的酶活力,其动力学性质如最适温度、最适pH,Km及Kcat没有明显变化;突变酶Kα021A和Kβ492A则丧失 了酶活力。上述结果表明,PGA分子表面非活性中心的赖氨酸→丙氨酸点突变使突变子的性状发生了分化,突变效应呈现出丰富的多样性。该有理设计不但可以提高酶的稳定性,而且为揭示PGA结构和功能的关系提供了一个新的研究模型。     

Fluorogenic assay for penicillin G acylase activity

A simple, highly sensitive, and rapid assay for high-throughput screening of penicillin G acylase-producing bacteria is presented. The method is based on the specific release of fluorescent 7-amino-4-methyl-coumarin through cleavage of phenylacetyl-4-methyl-coumaryl-7-amide by penicillin G acylase. The present method is suitable for screening pure enzymes as well as various penicillin G acylases like those from Escherichia coli, Proteus rettgeri, and Kluyvera citrophila in cell extracts. In addition, the new substrate was used for rapid assay of amidase activity in nondenaturing polyacrylamide gels.     

Rapid continuous colorimetric enzyme assay for penicillin G acylase

A rapid, continuous, colorimetric enzyme assay for penicillin G acylase has been developed. The assay measures the formation of the acidic products of penicillin G hydrolysis by following the decrease in pH using Phenol Red as an indicator. The activity measured is directly proportional to the amount of enzyme added to the assay, having a linear relationship with an R ² value of 0.9994.     

Gel-entrapped penicillin G acylase optimized by an enzyme thermistor

Summary Direct activity determination by a flow-through microcalorimetry in the enzyme thermistor system was employed for a fast comparison of (poly)acrylamide gel-entrapped penicillin G acylase preparations. Composition of the pre-polymerization cocktail and both the storage and operational stabilities of optimal gel-entrapped enzyme preparations isolated from the Escherichia coli industrial strain were optimized by this method. The validity of the results was corroborated by spectrophotometric measurements.     

Evidence for the involvement of arginyl residue at the active site of penicillin G acylase from Kluyvera citrophila

Penicillin G acylase (PGA) is used for the commercial production of semi-synthetic penicillins. It hydrolyses the amide bond in penicillin producing 6-aminopenicillanic acid and phenylacetate. 6-Aminopenicillanic acid, having the beta-lactam nucleus, is the parent compound for all semi-synthetic penicillins. Penicillin G acylase from Kluyvera citrophila was purified and chemically modified to identify the role of arginine in catalysis. Modification with 20 mM phenylglyoxal and 50 mM 2,3-butanedione resulted in 82% and 78% inactivation, respectively. Inactivation was prevented by protection with benzylpenicillin or phenylacetate at 50 mM. The reaction followed psuedo-first order kinetics and the inactivation kinetics (V(max), K(m), and k(cat)) of native and modified enzyme indicates the essentiality of arginyl residue in catalysis.     

Enhancing enzymatic activity of penicillin G acylase by coexpressing pcm gene

Penicillin G acylase (PGA; E.C. 3.5.1.11) is an important enzyme which has broad applications in industries of β-lactim antibiotics production. In this study, a promising PGA gene from Alcaligenes faecalis (afpga) and another pcm gene encoding protein isoaspartate methyltransferase (PIMT) were constructed into pET43.1a⁽⁺⁾ and pET28a⁽⁺⁾, respectively. The recombinant plasmids pETAFPGA and pETPCM were transformed into the same host cell Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3). Results suggested that the two plasmids could peacefully exist in the host cell and the two genes could be efficiently expressed after induction. The product of pcm gene could function as a helper molecule for enzyme AFPGA. PIMT increased the enzymatic activities in supernatant of ferment broth (1.6 folds) and cell lysate (1.8 folds), while it did not significantly affect the expression level of penicillin G acylase.