Meeting report on membrane transport and metabolism 4th International Congress on Amino Acids Vienna,Austria, August 7–11, 1995

Summary The session on Membrane Transport was a lively, interactive one with substantial audience participation in the discussion periods. Progress in this area of amino acid science is rapid as the genes encoding the transporter proteins are being cloned and characterized. The contributors to the platform session represented institutions from several countries giving the meeting a truly international flavor. Most of the participants contributed articles to this volume. The platform speakers were Dr. John McGivan (United Kingdom), Dr. Marçal Pastor-Anglada (Spain), Dr. Bruce Stephens (USA), Dr. G. Gazzola and Dr. V. Dall'Asta (Italy), Dr. Carol MacLeod (USA), Miss Maria Rivera-Correa (Puerto Rico), Dr. Ellen Closs (Germany), Dr. Manuel Palacín (Spain), Dr. Ovidio Bussolati (Italy), Dr. Suresh Tate (USA), Dr. S. Nakamura (Japan).     

Die Rolle des Carnitins im Intermedi?rstoffwechsel

Ohne Zusammenfassung Mit 2 Abbildungen Aus dem Hauptlaboratorium des Stadtkrankenhauses, 7033 Leipzig, Friesenstr. 8 (Direktor: Prof. Dr. med. habil.D. Lohmann) Herrn Prof. Dr. Dr. Dr. h.c. Dr. h.c.E. Strack zum 70. Geburtstag in Dankbarkeit.     

Discussion on “Adaptive enrichment designs with a continuous biomarker” by Nigel Stallard

We congratulate Dr. Nigel Stallard on his stimulating paper on adaptive enrichment designs with a continuous biomarker. Dr. Stallard details a framework for a large and interesting class of enrichment procedures. His work has motivated us to offer some thoughts in response. Dr. Stallard's strategy is to use the maximum of a test statistic over a set of possible threshold values to define the enriched population to be sampled in a second stage. This reminds us of procedures for identifying a change point, a biomarker value beyond which the effect of treatment is increased. For simplicity we focus our comments on Dr. Stallard's Rule 1 for selecting the second-stage sampling threshold. Using this rule, we present the likelihood ratio approach for adaptive testing and compare it to Dr. Stallard's approach for a few scenarios.     

Die systematische Stellung vonTaiwania cryptomerioides Hayata

Ohne ZusammenfassungVor allem bin ich meinem verehrten Lehrer, Herrn Hofrat Prof. Dr. R. Wettstein, der mich zu dieser Arbeit angeregt hat, zu großem Dank verpflichtet. Außerdem danke ich Herrn Kustos Dr. H. Handel-Mazzetti für die Überlassung des von ihm in China gesammelten Materiales, ferner den Herren Prof. Dr. F. Knoll, Dozent Dr. B. Schussnig, Assistent Dr. H. Neumayer und Assistent Dr. H. Brunswik, die meine Arbeit durch Beschaffung von Vergleichsmaterial und durch technische Eatschläge gefördert haben.     

Besprechungen

Handbuch der Pflanzenkrankheiten. Begründet von P aul S orauer . Heraus-gegeben von Geh. Reg.-Rat Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. O. APPEL, Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. H. B lunck , Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Dr. h. c. B. R ademacher und Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. R ichter . Sechs einzelne käufliche Bände. I. Band: Die nichtparasitären Krankheiten. 7., vollständig neugestaltete Auflage in 5 Lieferungen herausgegeben von Prof.Dr. Dr. h.c. Dr. h.c. B. R ademacher .
Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt fiir Land- und Forstwirt schaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 116(1965):
Hassebrauk, K., Nomenklatur, geographische Verbreitung und Wirtsbereidi des Gelbrostes, Puccinia striiformis West.
Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt flir Land- und Forstwirt-schaft Berlin-Dahlem, Heft 117 (1966):
Schuhmann, G., Untersuchungen liber die physiologische Spezialisierung von Tilletia caries (DC.) Tul. und Tilletia controversa Klihn in Deutschland und das Resistenzverhalten von Weizensorten.
Vorschriften zur Ausfiihrung der Verordnung iiber dieSdiadiingsbekampfung mit hodigiftigen Stoffen. Zusammengestellt und bearbeitet in der biolo-gisdien Bundesanstalt fiir Land- und Forstwirtsdiaft Berlin-Dahlem.     

Zur Physiologie der Pollenkeimung bei Corylus avellana: Pollen- und Narbensaugkräfte. Quellungserscheinungen der Kolloide des Pollens

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Dr. A. Frey-Wyssling, Zürich, bin ich für die kritische Durchsicht des Manuskriptes, Herrn Dr. E. Funk, St. Gallen, für Hilfe bei der Volumenberechnung des Protoplasten, Herrn Dr. E. Müller, Schaffhausen, für Beschaffung von Glaskammern, Herrn Dr. 0. Widmer, St. Gallen, für die Herstellung von Zuckerlösungen, Herrn Dr. E. Wieser, St. Gallen, für die mikrophotographischen Aufnahmen und Herrn Prof. Dr, M. Wildi, St. Gallen, für die Durchsicht der englischen Zusammenfassung zu großem Dank verpflichtet.     

Comparative kinetics of the early repair of intestines and lung in mice after fast neutron and gamma-ray irradiation

Early repair (Elkind) after d(50) + Be neutron and gamma irradiation is assessed by determining the additional dose Dr necessary to reach a given biological effect when a single fraction Ds is split into 2 equal fractions 2Di separated by a time interval "i". LD50 at 180 days after thoracic irradiation is used as an evaluation of late pulmonary tolerance; LD50 at 5 days after abdominal irradiation is used as an evaluation of early intestinal tolerance. Dr is reduced but still important after neutron irradiation as compared to gamma irradiation. For LD50/180, after fast neutron irradiation Dr reaches 66, 90, 64, 162, 195, 150 cGy for "i" = 1, 2, 3, 5, 4, 12, and 24 hours respectively; after gamma irradiation, Field and Hornsey reported Dr = 390, 530, and 376 cGy for "i" = 2, 6, and 24 hours respectively; after neutron irradiation, they reported Dr = 190 cGy for "i" = 24 hours. For LD50/5, after fast neutron irradiation, Dr = 14, 45, 43, and 133 cGy for "i" = 1,5, 3,5, 5,5 and 24 hours respectively. Early repair is faster after gamma irradiation: Dr reaches a maximum for "i" = 3-4 hours. For neutrons, Dr reaches its maximum at 24 hours for both criteria.     

Norepinephrine-dependently released Dr fimbriae of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli strain IH11128 promotes a mitogen-activated protein kinase ERK1/2-dependent production of pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-8 in human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells

The diffusely adhering Escherichia coli (Afa/Dr DAEC) are associated with recurrent urinary tract infections in adults as well as with diarrheal disease in infants. We previously demonstrated that in wild-type strain IH11128, the Dr fimbriae is released in the extracellular medium in response to multiple environmental signals such as temperature, low aeration and rich medium. A number of molecules of eukaryotic origin, such as catecholamines, have been reported to stimulate bacterial growth and virulence factor production. We show that norepinephrine affects the production and release of Dr fimbriae in Afa/Dr DAEC WT-IH11128 bacteria. The regulatory mechanism involved with norepinephrine-induced Dr fimbriae liberation was apparently due to a differential induction of genes draC, encoding the usher, and draE, encoding the major fimbrial subunit. In addition, we show that the released Dr fimbriae induces the phosphorylation of the mitogen-activated protein kinase, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2) and the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokine, IL-8 in fully differentiated cultured human intestinal Caco-2/TC7 cells.     

Die Arbeitsmethoden der Forschung zur Auffindung neuer Antibiotica

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Prof. Dr. phil., Dr. rer. nat. h.c., Dr. med. h.c., Dr. med. vet. h.c. Gustav Ehrhart zum 60. Geburtstag gewidmet.     

Buchbesprechungen

Abstract

Prof. Dr. M. Becker und Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c, Dr. h. c. Dr. h. c. K. Nehring: Handbuch der Futtermittel (in 3 Bänden), Band 1 — Erschienen beim Verlag Paul Parey, Hamburg 1969, 580 Seiten mit 294 Tabellen, Ganzleinen, Preis DM 204,—. Reviewed by H. Bergner

Bei Abnahme des 3-bändigen Gesamtwerkes (1514 Seiten mit 1482 Tabellen) gilt ein Vorzugspreis von DM 486,— statt DM 534,—. Reviewed by H. Bergner

Oberveterinärrat Dr. med. vet. Herbert Preuss und Veterinärrat Dr. med. vet. Bodo Preuss: Richtlinien für Fleischbeschauer — Erschienen beim Verlag VEB Gustav Fischer Jena, 378 Seiten mit 184 Abbildungen, Ganzleinen, Format 21 × 14,2 cm, Preis M 24,30. Reviewed by H. Bergner     

Buchbesprechungen/Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Kuckuck, H. , Gartenbaulidie Pflanzenzüchtung-Züditung von Gemüse, Obst und Zierpflanzen - 2. erw. Auflage, neubearbeitet von Dr. H ans B uttenschön , Prof. Dr. W olfgang H orn , Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. H ermann K uckuck , Dr. H anna S chmidt .
Sachs, L. , Statistische Methoden. Vierte, neubearbeitete Auflage.     

Zur Frage des Plasmalemmas bei Desmidialen

Ohne ZusammenfassungEs sei mir gestattet, meinem Lehrer, Herrn Professor Dr. Karl Höfler, für die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit zu danken. Herrn Professor Dr. Helmut Kinzel gilt mein Dank für seine Betreuung und für experimentelle Hinweise, Herrn Dr. Karl Burian für die Diskussion und Durchsicht des Manuskripts; Herr Dr. Klaus Kowallik verfertigte mir freundlicherweise die Zeichnungen.     

Züchtungsversuche an den symbionten von Pediculus vestimenti burm., nebst physiologischen und morphologischen beobachtungen

Ohne ZusammenfassungHerrn Professor Dr. Paul Buchner in Verehrung gewidmet.Herrn Professor Dr. Anton Koch sei gedankt für die Anregung zu dieser Arbeit. Herrn Professor Dr. Karl v. Frisch danke ich für die Überlassung eines Arbeitsplatzes, Herrn Professor Dr. Hugo Braun für wertvolle Ratschläge.     

A Day in the Life of Dr K. or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Lysozyme: a tragedy in six acts.

About the play: In modern drama, the agonizing nature of membrane protein work has not been adequately acknowledged. It is perhaps significant that the first attempt to bring this darker aspect of human existence into focus comes from a Scandinavian author, writing in the tradition of Ibsen and Strindberg but with a distinctly turn-of-the-millenium approach to the inner life of his characters: the despairing Dr K; the cynical Dr R with his post-modernistic life credo; the ambitious but unfeeling Dr C; the modern Ubermensch, Dr B. , with his almost Nietzschean view of human nature. This is a play that is brutally honest, yet full of empathy for the poor souls that get caught between the Scylla of unreachable scientific glory and the Charybdis of helpless mediocrity.James Glib-Burdock, drama critic for The Stratford Observer.     

Epithelial cells secrete interleukin-8 in response to adhesion and invasion of diffusely adhering Escherichia coli lacking Afa/Dr genes

Escherichia coli that sparsely adhere to human epithelial cells are known as diffusely adherent E. coli (DAEC), and the role of the Afa/Dr family of adhesins is now understood. Strains that do not possess Afa/Dr, however, comprise another group of DAEC, of which the pathogenicity remains unknown. The ability to induce interleukin-8 (IL-8) secretion from intestinal epithelial cells might be a feature of enterovirulent bacteria. We previously found that some Afa/Dr DAEC strains induce IL-8 by stimulating epithelial cells with flagella. The present study examines whether non-Afa/Dr DAEC can induce IL-8 in epithelial cells (HEp-2, INT407, and T84). Among 21 strains, 11 (52%; 11/21) induced as much IL-8 as high inducer strains of Afa/Dr DAEC. Adhesion did not significantly differ between high and low inducers; therefore diffuse adhesion alone is probably insufficient to induce IL-8. It was shown that IL-8 induction and the number of intracellular bacteria directly correlated. Wortmannin, an inhibitor of the phosphatidylinositol-3-phosphate kinase, reduced both intracellular bacteria and IL-8 secretion. Motile strains were significantly more prevalent among high (10/11) than low (4/10) inducers. However, 4 low invasive strains hardly induced IL-8 despite their motility. In conclusion, some non-Afa/Dr DAEC invoke the induction of high levels of inflammatory cytokines. Unlike Afa/Dr DAEC, however, non-Afa/Dr strains may require invasion to cause strong induction. These non-Afa/Dr high inducers can be enteropathogenic for the cytokine-inducing properties.     

Sympodiomyces gen. n., a yeast-like organism from southern marine waters

Sympodiomyces gen. n. is described with the single speciesSympodiomyces parvus sp. n. The distinguishing characteristic of this yeast-like genus is the method of asexual reproduction: conidia are produced on a conidiophore that develops sympodially. A sexual stage has not been observed, therefore the genus is placed among the Fungi Imperfecti, family Cryptococcaceae.Contribution No. 1364 from the Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, Florida.The authors gratefully acknowledge Dr. Jan Kohlmeyer, Univ. of North Carolina, Morehead City, North Carolina; Dr. R. T. Moore, North Carolina State Univ. at Raleigh; Dr. H. J. Phaff, Univ. of California at Davis; Miss W. Ch. Slooff and Mr. D. Yarrow, CBS, Delft, Netherlands; Dr. K.Tubaki, Institute for Fermentation, Osaka, Japan; and Dr. J. A. von Arx, C.B.S., Baarn, for examining cultures ofS. parvus. Dr. D. P. Rogers, Univ. of Illinois, Urbana, Ill, prepared the generic Latin diagnosis. Mr. Steven Y. Newell and Mr. A. Weiner, Univ. of Miami, assisted in obtainingEltanin collections. This study was supported by the National Science Foundation through the Office of Antarctic Programs Grant No. GA 13675.     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article.
Symposium in memoriam Dr. Ernst Berliner anläßlich des 75. Jahrestages der Erstbeschreibung von Bacillus thuringiensis ; Darmstadt, 25. August 1986 — bearbeitet von Dr. A. Krieg und Dr. A. M. Huger.     

Ein Beitrag zur Morphologie der Reisblüte

Ohne ZusammenfassungDen Herren Prof. Dr. S. Ikeno, Prof. Dr. N. Ohno und Dr. N. Yatsu bin ich für ihre gütige Unterstützung zu großem Danke verpflichtet.