中国干旱半干旱区潜在植被演替

研究中国干旱半干旱区植被背景,成为其生态环境建设方面的基础性和指导性的工作。潜在植被作为一种与所处立地达到平衡的演替终态,反映的是无人类干扰的情况下,立地所能发育形成的最稳定成熟的一种顶极植被类型,是一个地区现状植被的发展趋势,对本地区植被生态的恢复和重建具有重要的指导意义。以综合顺序分类法为基本理论方法,在GIS研究方法支持下,采用中国干旱半干旱区119个气象观测站1961-2005年的年降水数据与115个气象观测站1961-2005的>0℃年积温数据,以15a的年平均数据为时间周期,对中国干旱半干旱区潜在植被的演替进行了分析,得出了以下结论:在中国干旱半干旱区,潜在植被类型之间发生了复杂的演替过程。1961-1975年间,分布在中国干旱半干旱区的潜在植被有10种类型,由于气候变化,到20世纪90年代后期仅剩6种类型。在潜在植被类型之间的转化特征与数量方面,表现出3种特点,稳定减少、稳定增加与波动性变化。在潜在植被类型地理分布格局变化与发展方向方面,演替明显的地区主要有:吐鲁番盆地、锡林郭勒高原北部、呼伦贝尔高原、太平岭地区;在发展方向上,潜在植被的空间变化方向(演替方向)均异。潜在植被类型演替的驱动因素主要是气候变化条件下,影响植被分布的水热条件发生了改变。     

干旱、半干旱区湖泊周围盐生植物群落的多样性格局及特点

干旱、半干旱地区湖泊周围是盐渍化土壤的主要分布区,盐渍化是荒漠化的主要类型之一。目前,关于盐生植被的分布格局及群落多样性随着盐渍化程度加深的动态变化的研究仍很缺乏, 为阐释这种关系,作者在内蒙古干旱、半干旱地区选择吉兰泰(盐池)、乌梁素海、查干诺尔(碱矿)以及额吉诺尔(盐池)等4个湖泊,研究了其周围盐生植物群落的物种组成、分布特征以及群落结构的差异, 讨论了群落多样性沿盐分梯度的变化特点, 并在此基础上探讨了盐生植物群落对土壤盐分环境的指示意义。为建立群落耐盐值与群落多样性的关系,我们计算了群落耐盐值。结果表明, 盐生植物群落沿盐湖呈明显的环带状分布;随着土壤盐渍化程度的增加, 按照芨芨草群落(Comm. Achnatherum splendens)、盐爪爪群落(Comm. Kalidium foliatum)、盐角草群落(Comm. Salicornia europaea)和碱蓬群落(Comm. Suaeda glauca)的顺序演替, 而且物种种类趋向单一化, 群落结构趋向简单化。群落的物种多样性和群落间物种的替代速率都随土壤盐分的增加而减小, 而群落间物种的相似性则增加。区域性气候特点对盐生植物群落的特征也会产生一定的影响, 特别是在低盐渍化的条件下, 这种影响比较显著, 使得盐生植物群落体现出地带性的特点, 而随着土壤盐渍化程度的提高, 盐生植物群落的隐域性特征更为突出。因此, 这一地区的盐生植被又呈现出非常明显的地带性植被向非地带性植被过渡的特点。     

我国北方干旱半干旱地区人工造林对地下水位变化影响的模拟研究

水资源短缺已成为阻碍我国社会可持续发展的至关因素,而其中地下水资源短缺更甚。自1952年我国于干旱半干旱地区实施大规模人工造林以来,大量研究资料显示人工林的蒸散量要普遍高于当地自然植被的蒸散量,这可能会打破当地的地下水平衡。而以往我国有关人工造林对地下水位影响的研究较欠缺,因此在基于两种假设条件下,运用7种蒸散发模型测算了人工造林活动对北方干旱半干旱地区的地下水位影响。结果表明大规模的人工造林活动会降低地下水位高度,基于假设条件一,甘肃、宁夏和新疆地下水位下降严重;基于假设条件二,北京地下水位下降明显。提出我国在未来生态修复实践中要考虑对地下水供给的影响,确定合理造林规模并选择栽培乡土树种,真正提高地下水资源利用率。     

Soil fungal communities of grasslands are environmentally structured at a regional scale in the Alps

Studying patterns of species distributions along elevation gradients is frequently used to identify the primary factors that determine the distribution, diversity and assembly of species. However, despite their crucial role in ecosystem functioning, our understanding of the distribution of below‐ground fungi is still limited, calling for more comprehensive studies of fungal biogeography along environmental gradients at various scales (from regional to global). Here, we investigated the richness of taxa of soil fungi and their phylogenetic diversity across a wide range of grassland types along a 2800 m elevation gradient at a large number of sites (213), stratified across a region of the Western Swiss Alps (700 km²). We used 454 pyrosequencing to obtain fungal sequences that were clustered into operational taxonomic units (OTUs). The OTU diversity–area relationship revealed uneven distribution of fungal taxa across the study area (i.e. not all taxa are everywhere) and fine‐scale spatial clustering. Fungal richness and phylogenetic diversity were found to be higher in lower temperatures and higher moisture conditions. Climatic and soil characteristics as well as plant community composition were related to OTU alpha, beta and phylogenetic diversity, with distinct fungal lineages suggesting distinct ecological tolerances. Soil fungi, thus, show lineage‐specific biogeographic patterns, even at a regional scale, and follow environmental determinism, mediated by interactions with plants.     

Phylogenetic turnover in tropical tree communities: impact of environmental filtering,biogeography and mesoclimatic niche conservatism

Aim We addressed the roles of environmental filtering, historical biogeography and evolutionary niche conservatism on the phylogenetic structure of tropical tree communities with the following questions. (1) What is the impact of mesoclimatic gradients and dispersal limitation on phylogenetic turnover and species turnover? (2) How does phylogenetic turnover between continents compare in intensity with the turnover driven by climatic gradients at a regional scale? (3) Are independent phylogenetic reconstructions of the mesoclimatic niche of clades congruent between continents? Location Panama Canal Watershed and Western Ghats (India), two anciently divergent biogeographic contexts but with comparable rainfall gradients. Methods Using floristic data for 50 1‐ha plots in each region, independent measures of phylogenetic turnover (Π_ST) and species turnover (Jaccard) between plots were regressed on geographic and ecological distances. Mesoclimatic niches were reconstructed for each node of the phylogeny and compared between the two continents. Results (1) The phylogenetic turnover within each region is best explained by mesoclimatic differences (environmental filtering), while species turnover depends both on mesoclimatic differences and geographic distances (dispersal limitation). (2) The phylogenetic turnover between continents (Π_ST = 0.009) is comparable to that caused by mesoclimatic gradients within regions (Π_ST = 0.010) and both effects seem cumulative. (3) Independent phylogenetic reconstructions of the mesoclimatic niches were strongly correlated between the two continents (r = 0.61), despite the absence of shared species. Main conclusions Our results demonstrate a world‐wide deep phylogenetic signal for mesoclimatic niche within a biome, indicating that positive phylogenetic turnover at a regional scale reflects environmental filtering in plant communities.     

干旱半干旱区氮沉降生态效应研究进展

随着人类活动干扰的加剧以及全球气候变化,大气氮沉降的生态效应日益成为人们关注的焦点.氮沉降的增加能够带来生态系统结构和功能的改变,引起一系列生态效应.氮沉降对干旱半干旱地区生态系统的影响主要包括以下方面:(1)在干旱半干旱地区,氮沉降主要以脉冲形式进入氮循环进而影响其它生态过程;(2)氮沉降能够增加土壤氮矿化和土壤无机氮浓度,但氮循环还会受许多其它因素的影响;(3)氮沉降对土壤微生物代谢活动有很强的促进作用,但对其生物量的影响存在争议;(4)氮沉降能够影响植物生产力、根的生长,其效应主要受到水的调节作用;(5)氮沉降能够降低本地种的物种丰富度,有利于外来1年生物种的入侵.     

Modelling the distribution and compositional variation of plant communities at the continental scale

Aim

We investigate whether (1) environmental predictors allow to delineate the distribution of discrete community types at the continental scale and (2) how data completeness influences model generalization in relation to the compositional variation of the modelled entities.

Location

Europe.

Methods

We used comprehensive datasets of two community types of conservation concern in Europe: acidophilous beech forests and base‐rich fens. We computed community distribution models (CDMs) calibrated with environmental predictors to predict the occurrence of both community types, evaluating geographical transferability, interpolation and extrapolation under different scenarios of sampling bias. We used generalized dissimilarity modelling (GDM) to assess the role of geographical and environmental drivers in compositional variation within the predicted distributions.

Results

For the two community types, CDMs computed for the whole study area provided good performance when evaluated by random cross‐validation and external validation. Geographical transferability provided lower but relatively good performance, while model extrapolation performed poorly when compared with interpolation. Generalized dissimilarity modelling showed a predominant effect of geographical distance on compositional variation, complemented with the environmental predictors that also influenced habitat suitability.

Main conclusions

Correlative approaches typically used for modelling the distribution of individual species are also useful for delineating the potential area of occupancy of community types at the continental scale, when using consistent definitions of the modelled entity and high data completeness. The combination of CDMs with GDM further improves the understanding of diversity patterns of plant communities, providing spatially explicit information for mapping vegetation diversity and related habitat types at large scales.

     

干旱半干旱区地下水埋深对沙地植物土壤系统演变的驱动作用综述

在干旱半干旱生态脆弱区,地下水是限制植物种类组成、数量和生长发育的关键因素之一。近年来由于气候变化与土地利用强度的增加,我国北方普遍出现以极端气候变化、地表水体萎缩和地下水位下降为特征的生态过程,对区域生态系统安全和可持续发展构成严重威胁。而有关干旱半干旱区地下水埋深变化驱动退化植被恢复和稳定性维持方面的系统研究尚存不足。系统总结了地下水埋深变化分别对植物、土壤产生的影响及其三者间相互作用关系,比较分析了前人的研究成果,归纳总结了地下水埋深变化的驱动作用和影响因素,以及干旱半干旱区地下水埋深变化对植物土壤系统影响的预测模型研究,以期为今后应对地下水埋深变化制定生态保护策略提供理论指导依据。对本研究做了展望。     

干旱半干旱区生态系统凝结水的影响因素及其作用研究进展

凝结水是干旱半干旱生态系统重要的水分补给来源,对于维持生态系统功能具有重要意义。综述了干旱半干旱生态系统气象条件、地形环境和植被属性等因素对凝结水形成的影响,以及气候和环境变化对凝结水产量的影响机制。在此基础上,进一步从植被生长、生物土壤结皮、小型动物、微生物和地表水热平衡过程等方面,探讨了凝结水产量变化对干旱半干旱生态系统组成和过程的重要作用。最后对未来相关研究提出以下建议：（1）增加长时间序列的凝结水观测数据分析,（2）系统探讨凝结水对干旱半干旱区生态系统功能的综合影响,并（3）完善气候变化背景下凝结水与生态系统关系的相关研究。本文旨在对该领域的未来研究提出综述、建议和展望。     

西北半干旱区紫花苜蓿-小黑麦间作对根际土壤养分和细菌群落的影响

我国西北半干旱区土地贫瘠,土壤pH和碳酸盐含量高,容易形成盐碱地,抑制土壤微生物活性,导致土壤养分匮乏。为了改善西北干旱地区土壤健康状况,本研究通过连续3年田间试验,探讨了紫花苜蓿-小黑麦间作对根际土壤养分和根际土壤细菌群落结构的影响。结果表明: 根际土壤中,间作紫花苜蓿有机质含量显著大于单作紫花苜蓿,而pH及速效钾含量显著低于单作紫花苜蓿;间作小黑麦有机质、碱解氮、有效磷及速效钾含量均显著大于单作小黑麦。细菌序列数、种群分类单元(OTU)、丰富度和多样性均表现为间作大于单作。在门水平上,变形菌门和拟杆菌门分别占总分类单元的31.1%～33.4%和22.4%～32.2%,且间作下拟杆菌门比例高于单作。放线菌门数量在单作下显著大于间作,酸杆菌门数量在小黑麦间作下显著大于单作,疣微菌门数量在紫花苜蓿间作下显著大于单作。在属水平上,噬冷菌属、黄杆菌属、Gp6和Chryseolinea数量均表现为单作大于间作,纤维弧菌属相反。相关性分析表明,变形菌门、拟杆菌门与pH呈显著负相关,拟杆菌门与有机质、全氮、碱解氮呈显著正相关;而绿弯菌门、浮霉菌、酸杆菌门、疣微菌门和芽单胞菌门与有机质和碱解氮呈显著负相关。紫花苜蓿-小黑麦间作是改善西北半干旱区土壤的一种有效措施。     

城市公共绿地常见木本植物组成对鸟类群落的影响

快速城市化背景下, 城市公共绿地已经成为重要的鸟类栖息地, 其中的木本植物群落构成对鸟类群落结构有显著影响, 研究木本植物配置与鸟类多样性的关系对提升城市公共绿地作为鸟类栖息地的生态服务功能有重要的理论和应用价值。我们于2009–2010年间在上海市滨江森林公园就木本植物和鸟类群落的相互关系展开研究。样线法结合样点调查共记录到鸟类10目25科64种5,368只(次), 鸟类多度全年变化显著, 峰值分别出现在4月和11月。丰富度全年也呈现双峰型变化, 峰值出现在4月和12月。全年鸟类多样性(Simpson指数)差异显著, 10月最高, 8月最低。样方调查共记录到77种木本植物, 其中有14种(乔木9种、灌木5种)出现率超过5个样方, 定义为常见种, 其果期主要集中在9月到翌年2月, 其上常见林业致病害虫的发生盛期集中在5–11月。主成分分析显示, 常见木本植物上观察到的鸟类可划分为8个鸟类集团, Spearman秩相关检验显示秋冬季常见木本植物果期与植食性、肉食性、食虫性、杂食性等多个鸟类集团的多度均呈显著正相关。说明在秋冬季鸟类迁徙高峰期不同鸟类集团均能获得丰富的食物资源。就常见木本植物对鸟类群落的重要值进行排序, 结果显示, 大叶杨(Populus lasiocarpa)、枫杨(Pterocarya stenoptera)、香樟(Cinnamomum camphora)等乔木对鸟类重要值较高, 而灌木层对鸟类的重要性整体偏低, 说明滨江森林公园的灌木层作为鸟类栖息地的功能建设尚需加强。根据以上研究结果, 我们提出了提高上海城市公园鸟类多样性的植被配置建议。     

干旱荒漠区植物生态位对水盐的响应

全球气候变化对生态系统功能的影响决定着种群地位和群落演替,由于干旱区的特殊性成为研究生物响应环境变化的热点地区。为探索艾比湖流域荒漠区植物生态位对土壤水盐梯度的响应,在研究水、盐含量和植物生态位特征的基础上,应用变系数模型,分析了土壤水盐梯度下的群落组成和生态位响应趋势。结果显示:(1)随土壤水盐梯度的降低,艾比湖流域群落的物种组成呈倒"V"型分布,说明土壤水盐交互作用影响着植被分布和群落类型。(2)高水盐环境下,胡杨(Populus euphratica)、琵琶柴(Reaumuria soongorica)和梭梭(Haloxylon ammodendron)等生态位宽度值(B_i)较大,柽柳(Tamarix ramosissima)、骆驼刺(Alhagi sparsifolia)和甘草(Glycyrrhiza uralensis)等B_i较小;中水盐环境下,白刺(Nitraria schoberi)和琵琶柴的B_i较大,铃铛刺(Halimodendron halodendron)、甘草和盐节木(Halocnemum strobilaceum)的B_i较小;低水盐环境下,梭梭、花花柴(Karelinia caspica)和琵琶柴等B_i较大,盐节木的B_i较小;说明土壤水盐环境和物种生态学特性是影响B_i的重要因素。(3)物种水平上,B_i较大的种群与其他物种的生态位重叠(O_(ij))一般较大,但B_i较小的物种间的O_(ij)不一定小(例如:高水盐土壤环境下柽柳和骆驼刺的O_(ij)为1);群落水平上,B_i与O_(ij)具有一定的正相关性;说明由于资源纬度的相似性增大了低B_i物种间的O_(ij),并且B_i和O_(ij)由物种向群落尺度转换时,两者之间的关系存在冗余。(4)土壤水盐梯度与群落生态幅呈现一种非线性相关特征,高水盐格局对群落B_i有一定的促进效应,而低水盐模式对B_i具有一定的限制作用,表明土壤水盐的协同效应影响着物种在群落的地位,并在一定程度上决定了群落向正负两极演替的方向。     

Filtering processes in the assembly of plant communities: Are species presence and abundance driven by the same traits?

Question: Is the response of plant traits to environment at the community level similar when considering species abundance and when considering species presence only? Location: Mountain grasslands, central Argentina. Methods: We used data from 57 floristic samples, ordinated through DCCA along moisture and grazing gradients combined with trait values from 85 species (plant height, leaf area, leaf thickness leaf toughness and SLA). For each sample, we calculated the weighted average (considering species abundance) and the simple average (considering only species presence). Through multiple regressions we analysed how each average (dependent variable) responded to moisture and grazing (DCCA scores along Axes 1 and 2, respectively, as independent variables). Results: Weighted averages of all traits were significantly associated to both gradients, while simple averages did not always respond. In some cases the responses followed similar but weaker trends than the responses of weighted averages, but in other cases these responses were qualitatively different. Traits more associated with size (plant height, leaf area, leaf thickness) responded more consistently (similar trends for both averages) to grazing than to moisture, while traits more associated with plant resource acquisition (SLA, leaf toughness) responded more consistently to moisture than to grazing. Conclusion: The trait values and combinations which determine the probability of species presence are not necessary the same as those which determine their probability of becoming abundant. To understand community assembly rules, both species presence and species abundance should be taken into account as the result of different, although closely linked, filtering processes.     

干旱半干旱区坡面覆被格局的水土流失效应研究进展

植被恢复与建设是控制水土流失的重要措施.在干旱半干旱地区,植被在空间上的分布呈现离散特征,在坡面上形成的裸地-植被镶嵌和植被条带分布等覆被格局对水土流失过程具有重要影响.覆被格局与水土流失关系研究是景观生态学格局与过程研究的重要内容.从植被斑块、坡面覆被格局对水土流失的影响与耦合覆被格局与水土流失的手段和方法三个方面对国内外相关研究进行总结分析.从中发现,植被类型、层次结构和形态特征是植被斑块尺度上影响径流泥沙的关键因素;不同覆被类型的产流产沙特征与覆被格局的准确描述是研究覆被格局水土流失效应的重要基础;坡面覆被格局对水土流失的影响关键在于其改变了径流泥沙运移和汇集的连续性,应重点关注径流泥沙源汇区的连通性和空间分布在水土流失中的作用;以坡面的精确覆被制图为基础,建立基于水土流失过程的覆被格局指数和耦合格局信息的径流与侵蚀模型是定量研究覆被格局影响的有效手段.今后应加强以下研究:以动态系统的观点研究覆被格局的变化对水土流失的影响,系统理解覆被格局与水土流失之间的相互联系与反馈机制,探讨两者间动态关系随尺度变化的规律性并发展尺度上推方法;构建过程意义明确且简单实用的格局指数,将覆被格局与水土流失过程有机联系起来;发展覆被格局的动态信息与产流产沙过程相结合的水文模型,加强对格局与径流泥沙反馈系统的耦合,建立真正意义上的覆被格局-水土流失过程耦合模型.     

洞庭湖洲滩及滨湖区鼠类分布格局及其多样性

为全面了解洞庭湖洲滩及滨湖区鼠类分布格局,统计自2003—2013年该湖区15个调查点5种不同生境的鼠类群落调查数据,并对鼠类群落的物种多样性进行分析。结果表明:2003—2013年洞庭湖区捕获鼠类有10种,主要优势种为黑线姬鼠(Apodemus agrarius)和东方田鼠(Microtus fortis);不同生境下的优势种不同,东方田鼠为湖滩生境优势种,黑线姬鼠是滨湖农田和退田还湖洲滩生境优势种,针毛鼠(Niviventer fulvescens)和社鼠(Niviventer confucianus)为滨湖丘岗林地优势种,小家鼠(Mus musculus)及黄胸鼠(Rattus tanzumi)则多出现在农房生境;不同生境的鼠类群落物种多样性不同,滨湖丘岗林地生境受人类活动或洪水干扰程度最低,因此,优势集中性指数最低,而物种多样性Shannon-Wiener指数在干扰较少的滨湖丘岗林地生境物种多样性指数最高。尽管湖滩生境受三峡工程的影响,物种数大量增加,但由于仍受汛期洪涝的干扰,依然具有优势种突出的特征。研究表明,人类社会活动或洪涝等干扰因素降低了鼠类群落物种多样性,致使优势种突出,形成只利于少数几个种群栖息的环境,最终导致种群大暴发。     

The roles of age,parentage and environment on bacterial and algal endosymbiont communities in Acropora corals

The bacterial and microalgal endosymbiont (Symbiodiniaceae spp.) communities associated with corals have important roles in their health and resilience, yet little is known about the factors driving their succession during early coral life stages. Using 16S rRNA gene and ITS2 metabarcoding, we compared these communities in four Acropora coral species and their hybrids obtained from two laboratory crosses (Acropora tenuis × Acropora loripes and Acropora sarmentosa × Acropora florida) across the parental, recruit (7 months old) and juvenile (2 years old) life stages. We tested whether microbiomes differed between (a) life stages, (b) hybrids and purebreds, and (c) treatment conditions (ambient/elevated temperature and pCO₂). Microbial communities of early life stage corals were highly diverse, lacked host specificity and were primarily determined by treatment conditions. Over time, a winnowing process occurred, and distinct microbial communities developed between the two species pair crosses by 2 years of age, irrespective of hybrid or purebred status. These findings suggest that the microbial communities of corals have a period of flexibility prior to adulthood, which can be valuable to future research aimed at the manipulation of coral microbial communities.     

Soil and water erosion under different plant species in a semiarid river valley, SW China: the effects of plant morphology

The small-scale effects of plant morphology in improving soil quality and reducing runoff and soil loss have remained unclear, especially in some arid environments with sparse vegetation. We selected three representative species with contrasting morphologies (Artemisia gmelinii; Ajania potaninii; Pulicaria chrysantha) to examine the effects of plant morphology on soil quality, runoff, and soil loss in the dry-warm river valley of the upper reach of Minjiang River, SW China. Runoff events were monitored from July through October 2006 using runoff plots on a micro scale (<40 × 40 cm²) on a south-facing slope. The observation duration for rainfall and runoff events can be divided into two stages. Higher runoff depth, but lower soil loss per event occurred at the second stage as compared with the first stage due to the differences in rainfall, plant, and soil surface characteristics. The two herbs, A. gmelinii and P. chrysantha, had greater improvements on soil quality yielding high soil nutrient content and low soil compactness, while the effectiveness of the small shrub, A. potaninii, was minimal. Relative to bare surface (control treatment), the effectiveness of reducing runoff depth per event was 64.9, 66.6 and 38.0%, and reducing soil loss 65.5, 59.3 and 69.9% for A. gmelinii, A. potaninii, and P. chrysantha, respectively. All three plant species can improve soil quality and reduce runoff and soil loss, but their effects vary, which implies that plant morphology has to be considered while selecting species for ecosystem restoration.     

青藏高原高寒草原区工程迹地面积对其恢复植物群落特征的影响

恢复工程迹地是青藏高原受损草地生态系统修复的重要内容.通过调查和计算不同工程迹地面积经历相同恢复时期后植物群落的组分,空间结构,多样性,生物量和恢复力,研究了工程迹地面积变化对青藏高原高寒草原区植物群落恢复的影响.结果表明,工程迹地上恢复植物群落的优势种和主要伴生种随着工程迹地面积减小而发生明显变化,当工程迹地面积为156m2,草原指示性植物紫花针茅(Stipa purpurea)零星出现,面积缩小至55 m2,紫花针茅已演变为主要伴生种;恢复植物群落的高度、盖度、α多样性指数和地上生物量均随工程迹地面积减小而逐渐增加,高度、α多样性指数和地上生物量在工程迹地面积为156 m2时,接近于未受干扰群落,盖度在工程迹地面积为55 m2时接近未干扰群落.β多样性指数随着工程迹地面积减小而减小,植被恢复能力随着工程迹地面积减小而增加,工程迹地面积越小,其恢复度越好.从恢复植物群落各项指标分析,筑路工程迹地历经19a能够自然恢复的适宜面积为156 m2,最高临界值为254m2.     

褐家鼠挖掘活动对上海九段沙湿地植物群落与土壤水盐的影响

上海九段沙是长江口的新生岛洲,目前处于草本植物群落演替阶段。为了探讨登岛褐家鼠的挖掘活动对九段沙湿地植物群落与土壤水盐的影响,我们调查了褐家鼠洞穴区的植物盖度、密度、高度、重要值、物种丰富度、物种均匀度、物种多样性、表层土壤含水量和电导率等与对照区的差异;同时,通过调查褐家鼠洞穴与潮沟在空间位置上的关系探讨了褐家鼠的栖息地选择策略。结果表明:在单一芦苇群落中,洞穴区芦苇的高度和盖度显著低于对照;在芦苇和海三棱藨草混合群落中,洞穴区芦苇的密度、相对密度、重要值和群落总盖度显著低于对照,而洞穴区海三棱藨草的密度、盖度、相对密度、相对高度和重要值显著高于对照;在碱菀和互花米草优势群落中,洞穴区碱菀的相对密度、相对盖度、重要值和群落的物种多样性指数显著高于对照,而互花米草的密度和盖度、芦苇的盖度、高度和相对盖度以及群落总盖度显著低于对照。距洞穴区中心区域洞口不同距离梯度的表层土壤含水量和电导率差异均显著。褐家鼠偏向于将洞穴营造在邻近潮沟处,这有利于提高褐家鼠在九段沙湿地的适应能力。褐家鼠的挖掘活动有利于增加碱菀和互花米草优势群落的物种多样性,会降低植物群落总盖度和表层土壤的水盐含量,对九段沙湿地植物群落的组成与演替具有重要影响。