十二种螽斯上颚与下颚结构的比较研究

比较研究了螽斯科4属12种上颚与下颚内颚叶的形态结构。研究结果表明,草螽属的种类上颚较粗短,切齿较钝;钩顶螽属的种类,上颚粗壮,切齿呈刀状;日本似织螽上颚的切齿与臼齿相似,分化不明显,形成1排尖的齿状结构;所研究的种类上颚臼齿部相似,由3枚齿围成三角形。下颚内颚叶端部具2枚细长、端部较尖的内颚叶齿,通常具1枚较长的内颚叶齿突,日本似织螽内颚叶齿突短小,不明显。     

4种碘化钾-过氧化氢法髓过氧化物酶染色结果比较

目的为了探讨较理想的髓过氧化物酶（MPO）染色方法。方法采用我室新建立的碘化钾-吡啰红B法（KI-PyB法）及碘化钾-吡啰红G法（KI-PyG法）,以及碘化钾-煌焦油蓝法（KI-BCB法）、碘化钾-wright-Giemsa法（KI-WG法）四种MPO染色法,同时对80例骨髓涂片标本进行了MPO染色。结果KI-PyB法MPO阳性产物呈鲜红色颗粒状,细胞核为蓝绿色;KI—PyG法MPO阳性产物呈棕黑色颗粒状,细胞核为浅红色;KI-BCB法阳性产物为蓝黑色颗粒状,细胞核为紫红色;KI-WG法阳性产物为深红色至棕黑色颗粒状,细胞核为浅蓝色或浅紫红色。4种碘化钾法MPO染色平均阳性率分别为60．9％、62．1％、56．3％及61．3％,差异无统计学意义（P〉0．05）。结论4种碘化钾法MPO染色中KI-PyG法的阳性率相对较高、且阳性反应易于判断,是较理想的MPO染色方法。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MORPHOLOGY OF THE PULMONATE SNAIL PSEUDOTACHEA LITTURATA (PFEIFFER) AND OTHER SPECIES OF PSEUDOTACHEA, IBERUS AND CEPAEA

A population of Pseudotachea litturata (Pfeiffer, 1851) fromTarifa (Càdiz, Spain) has been studied. The morphologicalresults are compared with those from P. splendida, Iberus gualtierianus,I. alonensis, I. marmoralus, I. guiraoanus and four speciesof the genus Cepaea using, as an exploratory method, the Wagnerparsimony procedure and 18 characters of the shell, genitalsystem and karyotype have been analysed. According to this methodit seems that the taxonomical position of P. litturata in thegenus Pseudotachea is confirmed, and agrees with the phylogeneticalrelationships in this group of species. The genus Cepaea seemsto be well established, although two species groups can be distinguished:C. nemoralis—C. hortensis and C. syluatica—C. vindobonensis.These differ mainly in chromosome number, diverticulum lengthand degree of shell polymorphism. Although the present resultsdo not allow us to clarify the current taxonomical problemswithin the genus Iberus, the species studied seem to belongto a natural group (Received 15 September 1987; accepted 1 January 1988)     

中国小石蛾属研究及二新种二新纪录种记述(毛翅目,小石蛾科)

记述小石蛾属2新种,长毛小石蛾Hydroptila caesariata Zhou et Yang,sp.nov.(广西)和侧丝小石蛾Hydroptila latifilis Zhou et Yang,sp.nov.(广西);及2新纪录种,一致小石蛾Hydroptila sidong Oláh,1989和穗钩小石蛾Hydroptila verticordia Malicky et Chantaramongkol,2007.根据雄外生殖器下附肢、亚生殖突及第9节后侧突等特征,将我国小石蛾属已知30种归入Marshall(1979)的5个种团,即H.occulta-group,H.pulchricornis-group,H.sparsa-group,H.sparsa-group,H.tineoides-group,H.uncinata-group,及新建种团H.giama-group,编写了6个种团的检索表;新种H.caesariata Zhou et Yang,sp.nov.隶属于H.uncinata种团,新种H.latifilis Zhou et Yang,sp.nov.隶属于H.occulta种团,H.sidong Oláh,1989隶属于H.giama种团.新种及新纪录种模式标本保存于南京农业大学昆虫标本馆.     

A TECHNIQUE FOR COUNTING CHROMOSOMES OF ARMORED DINOFLAGELLATES,AND CHROMOSOME NUMBERS OF SIX FRESHWATER DINOFLAGELLATE SPECIES

A technique is presented to stain, squash, and enumerate thecate dinoflagellate chromosomes using a cellulose incubation and propionocarmine stain. Chromosome numbers for six freshwater armored dinoflagellates (Peridinium cinctum (O.F.M.) Ehrenberg, P. inconspicuum Lemm., P. limbatum (Stokes) Lemm., P. volzii Lemm., P. willei Huit.-Kaas, and Peridiniopsis polonicum (Wolosz.) Bourrelly) range from 41 (P. inconspicuum) to 210 (P. cinctum). Evidence is presented for dinoflagellate aneuploidy in culture.     

露螽科六种雌性发声器的比较研究

报道了露螽科６种维性的发声器,主要包括发声刺的数目、分布、排列及其形态结构。露螽科的雌性发声刺,可以作为鉴定雌性的一个特征。     

A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF CHROMOSOMES IN FOUR SPECIES OF THEODOXUS (GASTROPODA: NERITIDAE)

Karyological analysis was performed on Theodoxusbaeticus (Lamarck,1822), T. valentina (Graells, 1846),T. velascoi (Graells, 1846)and T. fluviatilis(Linne, 1758), collected from freshwaterbodies of easternSpain. Cells possessing diploid chromosomenumbers of 2n 5 25 weremost common in the tissues of males,whilst 2n 5 26 was most prevalentin females. The sixth pairof chromosomes had only one homologue inmitotic cells of males,indicating the XO/XX sex-determiningmechanism. The absolutelength of chromosomes ranged from 1.65 to 6.33mm. The relativesizes of chromosomes varied from 3.92 to 13.33% ofthe totalhaploid set length. In all species chromosome pairs no. 1,4,7-13 were composed of metacentric, pairs no. 5 and 6ofsubmetacentricchromosomes. Pairs no. 2 and 3 were submetacentric,subtelocentricor submeta- subtelocentric according to the speciesstudied.There were significant differences (P, 0.05) among therelativelength, as well as centromeric indices of differentchromosomepairs across the species. Karyological differences weregreatestbetween T. fluviatilis and three otherTheodoxus species. (Received 6 March 2000; accepted 8 May 2000)     

CHROMOSOME RELATIONSHIPS OF DIPLOID SPECIES OF GRINDELIA (COMPOSITAE) FROM COLORADO,NEW MEXICO,AND ADJACENT AREAS

Previous studies of chromosome relationships of Grindelia species recognized three basic genomes designated Oxylepis, Hallii, and Havardii. Differences are based on different end arrangements of the chromosomes resulting from reciprocal translocations. This report will review and give additional information about the genomes and interrelationships of 17 species. All of the species are diploids (2n = 12) and show six bivalents at meiosis. Species in this study that have the Oxylepis genome are G. oxylepis var. eligulata, G. fastigiata, G. inornata, G. revoluta, and G. squarrosa. Species that have the Havardii genome included G. havardii, G. grandiflora, G. lanceolata, G. littoralis, and G. texana. The Hallii genome is present in G. camporum var. davyi and G. procera. Hybrids of species with the same genome have six bivalents at meiosis. Hybrids between species with the Oxylepis genome and those having the Havardii genome have four bivalents and one quadrivalent at meiosis. Likewise for Oxylepis x Hallii hybrids. A new genome is presented for G. subalpina which would explain the configurations of two bivalents and two quadrivalents observed in G. subalpina x G. havardii and G. subalpina x G. fastigiata hybrids. This is designated the Subalpina genome. Species tested but with genomes as yet undetermined are G. acutifolia, G. arizonica, G. nana, and G. scabra.     

四种网翅蝗鸣声结构分析(直翅目,蝗总科)

分析了网翅蝗科4种蝗虫雄性的鸣声。研究结果表明,宽翅曲背蝗Pararcyptera microptera meridionalis(Ikonn.)具有2类脉冲组,脉冲组持续时间分别为0.016~0.028s,0.20±0.01s;隆额网翅蝗Arcyptera coreanaShiraki有3类脉冲组,脉冲组的持续时间分别为0.11±0.02s,0.034±0.005,0.885±0.020s。曲线越度蝗Podismopsis sinucarinataZhengetLian每1脉冲序列含4~7脉冲组,脉冲组持续时间为0.023~0.030s;二声越度蝗Podismopsis bisonita Zheng etal.每1脉冲序列含2~4个脉冲组,脉冲组持续时间为0.119~0.140s。     

锯天牛亚科雌性生殖器比较形态学研究(鞘翅目,天牛科)

比较研究了锯天牛亚科4族10属20种(亚种)的雌性生殖器特征。研究结果表明:雌性生殖器特征在锯天牛亚科族级、属级和种级均具有分类学意义。此研究对传统外部形态分类特征进行了补充。