绿豆插条生根过程中内源激素含量变化

绿豆插条离体后其IAA含量出现一个峰值,乙烯利处理的IAA峰值出现在第6小时,未经乙烯利处理的出现在第12小时,与插条生根峰出现时间相符.乙烯利处理与否的插条生根过程中,内源GA3含量在0～30h内呈下降趋势,随后略微上升;内源ABA含量先升后降;细胞分裂素ZT和ZR含量在总体上是下降的.     

细胞分裂素对植物衰老的延缓作用

细胞分裂素是一类重要的植物激素,它可在一定程度上延缓植物的衰老。主要从3个方面综述了细胞分裂素与植物衰老之间的关系,即:(1)植物衰老过程中内源细胞分裂素含量变化;(2)外源细胞分裂素的影响;(3)转入与细胞分裂素的合成、降解相关的基因对植物衰老产生的影响。此外,还从细胞分裂素与糖、与脂质氧化反应以及与其它植物激素的关系方面探讨了细胞分裂素在延缓植物衰老中的作用机理。     

植物生长调节剂影响沙田柚内源激素水平的研究

研究了植物生长调节剂优康唑和CPPU对沙田柚生理落果期间幼果和新梢叶片内源IAA、GA1 3和ABA水平的影响.研究结果表明:优康唑处理降低新梢叶片内源IAA和GA1 3水平,提高细胞分裂素含量.优康唑对叶片ABA含量和(IAA GA1 3 CTKs)/ABA比值影响不明显;优康唑处理下幼果IAA、GA1 3和ABA含量均有不同程度的下降,以GA1 3下降幅度最大.果实中CTKs含量和CTKs/ABA比例上升,结合优康唑和CPPU促进沙田柚座果的效应,提示细胞分裂素对座果有重要作用,而CTKs/ABA比例升高有助于缓解生理落果;CPPU处理降低果实ABA含量,提高果实CTKs水平和CTKs/ABA比值.这可能是CPPU促进座果和果实膨大的生理基础.     

用气相色谱测定植物样品中的微量细胞分裂素

细胞分裂素广泛地存在于植物组织和微生物中,对植物的细胞分裂、分化、种子的萌发和休眠等生长发育过程有调节功能。因此,在组织培养、植物细胞工程和开花植物及微生物的生长发育理论和应用技术研究中,都需要对植物体内的细胞分裂素进行测定。随着生物科学的发展,在现有测定细胞分裂素含量的方法中,生物试法准确度差,已不适于研究工作的     

营养胁迫诱导的油菜子叶衰老过程中IAA氧化酶和细胞分裂素氧化酶活性的变化

以离体油菜子叶为材料,研究了营养胁迫诱导的子叶衰老过程中吲哚乙酸氧化酶(IAA氧化酶)和细胞分裂素氧化酶活性的变化。在光照条件下,离体子叶在不含任何无机元素的0．8％的琼脂中培养9d后,出现明显的衰老迹象(叶绿素含量下降,丙二醛含量上升),15d时完全死亡。在营养胁迫诱导的衰老过程中,IAA氧化酶和细胞分裂素氧化酶的活性表现出相似的变化趋势,在诱导处理1d时,两种酶的活性均比处理前有明显下降,之后又随着衰老进程逐渐上升。IAA氧化酶活性在诱导处理11d时达到高峰,超出处理前30％以上;比对照高出1倍以上;而细胞分裂素氧化酶活性在诱导处理13d时达到高峰,比对照高出3倍以上,也超过了处理前的水平。衰老过程中IAA氢化酶和细朐分裂素氧化酶活性的上升可能是导致内源激素含量下降的重要原因。     

水杨酸对蚕豆幼苗生长及内源细胞分裂素和生长素的影响

1mmol·L-1水杨酸(SA)抑制蚕豆幼苗生长,而0.1mmol·L-1SA处理5d后对幼苗的生长略有促进。5mmol·L-1SA喷施叶片可显著提高内源细胞分裂素(iPA)的水平。0.1和1mmol·L-1SA处理根部,内源iPA的含量显著提高。叶面喷施sA后第5d,叶片中的生长素(IAA)含量提高;根系饲喂sA的根中IAA含量前期下降,后期提高。     

细胞分裂素及其应用

细胞分裂素是目前人们已知道的五大类植物激素(即生长素、赤霉素、细胞分裂素、脱落酸和乙烯)之一,它具有腺嘌呤环结构。这类物质的共同特点是在腺嘌呤环的第六位置氨基上有特定的取代物,对细胞分裂及分化等有重要作用。细胞分裂素在植物体内多分布在细胞分裂旺盛的组织和器官中,如根尖、茎尖、未成熟的种子、萌发的种子以及正在发育的果实等。实验证明,根尖是合成细胞分裂素的场所。在高等植物中已发现的细胞分裂素有16种,其中最常见的是玉米素、玉米素核苷、二氢玉米素和异戊烯基腺苷     

微生物产生的细胞分裂素

微生物产生的细胞分裂素贾小明（浙江农业大学环保系,杭州３１００２９）细胞分裂素（ｃｙｔｏｋｉｎｉｎ）是一类重要的植物激素。它的主要生理功能是刺激细胞分裂,促进侧芽发育,维持蛋白质和核酸的合成,延缓离休叶片衰老等作用。细胞分裂素可用于蔬菜保鲜、防衰和延...     

乙烯在豌豆植株顶端优势中的作用

用人工合成细胞分裂素ＢＡＰ和ＣＰＰＵ处理豌豆植株叶腋可诱导处理部位侧芽的生长,同时伴有大量乙烯产生,用乙烯合成抑制剂ＡＶＧ处理或植株去顶同样可导致侧芽的生长与乙烯释放量的多少无关。而３种物质处理后诱导产生的侧芽的数目,长度及其鲜重与处理部位内源ＩＡＡ含量的增加则呈正相关。     

菊苣体内成花梯度与内源激素的关系（简报）

营养生长期和生殖生长期菊苣茎的不同部位表皮薄层细胞中内源IAA、Z＋ZR、DHZ＋DHZR、iPA含量不同。生殖生长期中,IAA、iPA、DHZ＋DHZR含量的梯度分布明显加大,而Z＋ZR则小。细胞分裂素对花芽分化的促进以iPA作用最大,DHZ＋DHZR次之,Z＋ZR的作用较小。成花梯度与内源IAA含量以及iPA、DHZ＋DHZR含量的梯度分布密切相关。     

CPPU处理对猕猴桃果实品质的影响

以猕猴桃(Actinidia)品种‘东红’和‘金玉’为材料,在果实发育不同时期用20 mg/L的氯吡脲(CPPU)浸果处理,比较不同实验组的果重、可溶性固形物含量、糖含量、酸含量、Vc含量和花青素含量等果实品质的差异,探讨CPPU处理的最佳时期;并在‘东红’和‘金玉’的CPPU处理组和对照组中,采用实时荧光PCR技术(RT-qPCR)分析花青素相关基因的表达水平,探究CPPU调控花青素积累的分子机理。结果显示,花后14 d(14 DAF)为CPPU处理‘东红’的最佳时期,处理后单果重提高了24%,总糖含量提高了38%。相关性分析表明,果重与花青素含量成正相关。‘金玉’果实经CPPU处理后内果皮并未出现明显变化。‘东红’果实经处理后,其花青素含量显著提高,内果皮颜色更加红艳。RT-qPCR分析结果发现,CPPU处理后花青素合成相关基因AcF3GT、AcF3H、AcLDOX、AcMYB10和AcMYB110表达量上调,促进花青素的积累。研究结果表明CPPU处理能提升‘东红’和‘金玉’猕猴桃果实品质,处理‘东红’猕猴桃的最佳处理时期是花后14 d。CPPU处理导致上述5个基因表达水平提高,从...     

Strapping and a synthetic cytokinin promote cell enlargement in ‘Hiratanenashi’ Japanese persimmon

The effects of N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) with and without strapping on fruit growth of ‘Hiratanenashi’ Japanese persimmon were evaluated by measuring parenchyma cell size and the number of cell layers in mesocarp throughout fruit development. Three-year-old branches were strapped with a wire 2 weeks before full bloom, and 10 mg l⁻¹ of CPPU was applied to the fruitlet at 10 days after full bloom. CPPU alone prolonged the growth period, resulting in a larger fruit diameter at harvest than the control. Strapping promoted the fruit coloration and increased final fruit diameter. CPPU plus strapping shortened the growth period compared to CPPU alone, and the mature fruit diameter was similar to CPPU alone. The increases in fruit diameter caused by CPPU and strapping were involved with the increases in length of parenchyma cell. The number of cell layers was almost similar among the treatments. These results showed that strapping promotes the rate of parenchyma cell expansion, and CPPU with and without strapping prolong the duration of cell enlargement and promote the rate of the cell expansion.     

CPPU对美味猕猴桃果实重量、可溶性固形物及糖酸含量的影响

谢花后用20mg/L CPPU浸果,对美味猕猴桃单果重、可溶性固形物及酸含量均有影响。(1)谢花后10d处理一次和谢花后10d及17d处理两次都可使单果重明显增加,且两次处理优于一次处理。(2)经CPPU处理过的果实可溶性固形物含量下降,但酸度无显著影响。(3)CPPU处理的畸形果比率比对照明显上升。     

Cell division and cell enlargement in fruit of Lagenaria leucantha as influenced by pollination and plant growth substances

The effects of NAA (naphthaleneacetic acid), GA₃ (gibberellic acid), CPPU (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N'-phenylurea) and pollination on fruit set, cell division and enlargement were studied in Lagenaria leucantha, an important vegetable. NAA and GA₃ were ineffective in inducing parthenocarpy, whereas CPPU induced parthenocarpic fruit significantly larger than fruit that resulted from pollination. Cell division, which occurred during the first 4 days after pollination was not reactivated by NAA or GA₃, but was effectively reactivated by CPPU. The cell number of the total cross-section of CPPU-treated fruit was 117.4% of that of pollinated fruit and 154.4% of that of unpollinated at 12 DAA (days after anthesis) respectively. The CPPU-induced parthenocarpic fruit had the largest cell cross-sectional area followed, successively, by pollinated fruit, NAA-treated fruit, GA₃-treated fruit and unpollinated fruit. These results indicate that CPPU induced parthenocarpic fruit growth by directly reactivating cell division and expansion.     

Expansion during early apple fruit development induced by auxin and N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea: Effect on cell wall hemicellulose

Expansion in apple fruit (Malus domestica Borkh. cv. Braeburn) during early development was induced by injecting 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D) through the calyx of the fruit and by dipping the apples in N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea (CPPU). Cell wall composition was analysed, focusing on the hemicellulose fraction containing xyloglucan, a polysaccharide believed to play an important role in cell expansion. Changes were observed in the yields of the cell wall fractions of the fruit treated with either 2,4-D or CPPU, although the monosaccharide composition of the fractions exhibited few differences. There was no decrease in the molecular weight of the xyloglucan from treated fruit. These results are discussed in terms of current cell wall expansion mechanisms.     

Cytokinins and fruit development in the kiwifruit (Actinidia deliciosa). II. Effects of reduced pollination and CPPU application

The significance of changes in cytokinin content during early fruit growth was examined in the kiwifruit ( Actinidia deliciosa var. deliciosa cv. Hayward). Fruit growth was modified by the reduction of seed number or by the application of the synthetic phenylurea cytokinin N -(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)- N -phenylurea (CPPU). The influence of these treatments on cell division was monitored by flow cytometry and changes in the endogenous cytokinins were measured at days 10 and 20 after anthesis, using high-performance liquid chromatography and radioimmunoassay. Total cytokinin levels appeared not to be limiting growth since the highest total cytokinin concentration was detected in unpollinated fruit, which abscised by day 25 after anthesis. However, compared with control fruit which had the highest concentration of zeatin (Z) 10 days post anthesis, Z levels were low in unpollinated fruit. It is hypothesised that an increase in Z is the critical change in cytokinin metabolism required for the initiation of cell division and fruit growth. The synthetic cytokinin CPPU promoted fruit development, but there was a decrease in the endogenous cytokinin concentration. Zeatin was not detected in CPPU-treated fruit. Cell division was reduced in unpollinated fruitlets but there was no significant difference ( P > 0.05) between the other treatments. Differences in final fruit size appeared to be due to cell expansion.     

Gibberellins and <Emphasis Type="Italic">N</Emphasis>-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-<Emphasis Type="Italic">N′</Emphasis>-phenylurea improve retention force and reduce water core in pre-mature fruit of Japanese pear cv. Housui

A study of the effect of a gibberellin A₃ + A₄ mixture (GAs) on pre-harvest fruit drop of Japanese pear cv. Housui is reported. The GAs was applied alone or in combination with N-(2-Chloro-4-pyridyl)-N′-phenylurea (CPPU) in a lanolin paste to the abscission zone at the spur-end of the pedicel. The results showed that the GAs and CPPU combination treatment increased the pedicel–spur retention force relative to that of the untreated controls. Histological studies showed an accelerated rate of cambium division and the development of secondary xylem in the abscission zone near the spur-end of pedicels treated with the GAs plus CPPU paste, which delayed the formation of the abscission zone. Fruit quality (sugar, acid, firmness, color) was not adversely affected by the application of GAs plus CPPU, although the application of GAs alone promoted ripening. In contrast, the addition of CPPU to the two GAs delayed fruit ripening, which was measured as ethylene efflux. All treatments were without adverse effects on return bloom, measured as bud size. The CPPU plus GAs treatment also suppressed the incidence of water core, whereas the application of the GAs alone accelerated water core in this water core susceptible pear variety.     

Strong synergistic effects of gibberellins with the synthetic cytokinin N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea on parthenocarpic fruit set and some other fruit characteristics of apple

The induction of parthenocarpic fruit set was investigated using the apple cvs. Golden Delicious and Jonagold. The gibberellins GA₃, GA₄, GA₅ and GA₇ and the synthetic phenylurea-type cytokinin CPPU (N-(2-chloro-4-pyridyl)-N-phenylurea), were applied alone and in combination to unpollinated flowers at the end of petal fall. Gibberellins induced only a marginal final set of parthenocarpic fruits. CPPU sprays were more effective, particularly in the first year. When applied in combination, CPPU and gibberellins had a positive synergistic effect on parthenocarpic fruit set and fruit size, but a negative effect on flower induction the next year. After CPPU + GA sprays, percent fruit set was similar, or greater, compared to natural pollinated trees. The parthenocarpic fruits induced by CPPU + GA had an increased length to diameter ratio. CPPU stimulated, and GA₄ and GA₇ reduced, the russeting of the parthenocarpic fruits. The internal quality of the fruits was hardly affected, but Ca-deficiency symptoms occurred more frequently in parthenocarpic fruits.     

链霉素在葡萄果粒中的残留分析及膨大剂的处理效果

以12年生‘玫瑰香’葡萄为实验材料,探讨了无核诱导剂（链霉素）在果实中的残留及对无核果粒的膨大的影响。结果表明,于盛花前3 d用赤霉酸50 mg.L-1＋链霉素400 mg.L-1的混合液浸蘸花穗,无核率达96%。果粒中链霉素的残留量在浸蘸10 d后即下降到处理日的1/10,到成熟时不足1 mg.kg-1。应用数学灰色系统理论分析表明,CPPU 5 mg.L-1+GAs 50 mg.L-1 、GAs 100 mg.L-1、GAs 50 mg.L-1和CPPU 5 mg.L-1在盛花后2周浸蘸无核处理过的‘玫瑰香’果穗,无核果粒的膨大及品质良好。