蕨类植物问荆DEAD-box RNA解旋酶基因的克隆与分析

DEAD-box RNA解旋酶参与RNA多方面的代谢,在植物生长发育和逆境反应中起重要作用。本研究从蕨类植物问荆（Equisetum arvense）中克隆到一条DEAD-box RNA解旋酶c DNA全长序列,命名为EaRH1,并在Gen Bank注册登记（KJ734026）。序列分析显示：该c DNA全长3 230 bp,包含一个从487 bp到2 799 bp编码770个氨基酸的开放读码框,其对应的蛋白序列包含9个保守模块结构。EaRH1与其它物种DEAD-box RNA解旋酶蛋白序列比对结果显示：模块Ⅰa、Ⅱ和Ⅲ序列几乎完全相同,模块Q、Ⅰ和Ⅳ序列存在一些差异。EaRH1与江南卷柏（Selaginella moellendorffii）基因组一条假定序列相似度高达69%,其中相似度最高的区域集中在包含9个保守模块的结构域。系统进化树分析显示：EaRH1与拟南芥（Arabidopsis thaliana）DEAD-box RNA解旋酶At3g22320在氨基酸序列上有相对较高的同源性。序列结构比较和进化分析可推测出EaRH1可能参与植物体生长发育、miRNA生物合成、与RNA结合蛋白的相互作用和非生物胁迫应答。本文的研究为探索问荆DEAD-box RNA解旋酶的进一步功能提供参考。     

番茄DEAD-box RNA解旋酶基因SlDEAH1的克隆及表达分析

DEAD-box RNA解旋酶是一种特殊的RNA分子伴侣,参与了RNA代谢,包括前体RNA剪接、核糖体合成、RNA降解以及基因表达,并对植物的发育和抗性等也具有重要作用。根据已报道的拟南芥DEAD-box蛋白,通过同源比对,在NCBI据库中筛选得到一个DEAD-box RNA解旋酶同源蛋白,命名为SlDEAH1,并根据其基因序列设计特异引物,应用RT-PCR方法从野生型番茄(Solanum lycopersicum)AC++中克隆得到了该基因的全长编码区序列。利用生物学网站、软件及实时荧光定量PCR方法,对其进行生物信息学、表达模式、胁迫及激素处理分析。结果表明:SlDEAH1包括2 073 bp的开放阅读框,编码690个氨基酸残基,其编码蛋白有9个保守结构基序,其所涉及到的ATP结合、ATP水解及RNA结合等功能对于解旋酶活性是至关重要的;表达模式分析表明SlDEAH1基因可能在野生型番茄萼片、叶片发育及果实成熟方面起到重要作用;高温、低温、脱水、伤害、盐胁迫不同程度的诱导了SlDEAH1的表达,但在根中该基因的表达受盐胁迫抑制;ABA、ACC、IAA、GA3、MeJA和ZT均不同程度诱导了SlDEAH1的表达,其中ABA诱导效应最为明显。这些结果为进一步研究SlDEAH1在番茄发育和胁迫响应中的功能奠定了基础。     

低温诱导型凡纳滨对虾DEAD-box RNA解旋酶基因的克隆与表达分析

为研究凡纳滨对虾耐寒性状的分子基础, 克隆鉴定了凡纳滨对虾DEAD-box RNA解旋酶的同源基因。根据差减文库中筛选到的一个低温上调表达的DEAD-box RNA解旋酶基因片段, 通过RACE PCR扩增获得两条高度相似的cDNA全长序列, 两条cDNA均为1430 bp, 包含139 bp 5'UTR、79 bp 3'UTR和1212 bp 开放阅读框, 编码403个氨基酸残基。Blast比对结果显示, 两条cDNA与其他物种的DDX5相似性最高, 推测为凡纳滨对虾DDX5基因的两个变异体, 分别命名为LvDDX5variant A (LvDDX5A)和LvDDX5variant B (LvDDX5B), 在系统进化树中, LvDDX5A和LvDDX5B聚为最近的一支, 并与虾类DDX5、文昌鱼DDX、贝类的DDX5距离较近。Real-time PCR分析结果显示, LvDDX5A和LvDDX5B都呈多组织遍在表达, 在精巢、鳃、肠、肌肉和卵巢中,LvDDX5B表达量高于LvDDX5A, 而在肝胰腺中LvDDX5A表达量高于LvDDX5B。在低温胁迫对虾肝胰腺和心中, LvDDX5A呈上调表达而LvDDX5B表达量无明显变化。进一步对LvDDX5A在不同低温条件胁迫对虾的肝胰腺中表达变化进行了分析。结果显示, LvDDX5A在18℃、15℃、13℃和11℃低温胁迫36h均被诱导表达,并随着15℃和13℃低温胁迫时间的增加呈先上升后下降的表达模式, 在48h达到峰值, LvDDX5A的低温诱导表达模式暗示其可能是在凡纳滨对虾低温适应中发挥作用的剪接体。     

蕨类植物问荆DEAD box RNA解旋酶基因的克隆与分析

DEAD box RNA解旋酶参与RNA多方面的代谢,在植物生长发育和逆境反应中起重要作用。本研究从蕨类植物问荆(Equisetum arvense)中克隆到一条DEAD box RNA解旋酶cDNA全长序列,命名为EaRH1,并在GenBank注册登记（KJ734026）。序列分析显示：该cDNA全长3230bp,包含一个从487bp到2799bp编码770个氨基酸的开放读码框,其对应的蛋白序列包含9个保守模块结构。EaRH1与其它物种DEAD box RNA 解旋酶蛋白序列比对结果显示：模块Ⅰa、Ⅱ和Ⅲ序列几乎完全相同,模块Q、Ⅰ和 Ⅳ序列存在一些差异。EaRH1与江南卷柏(Selaginella moellendorffii)基因组一条假定序列相似度高达69%,其中相似度最高的区域集中在包含9个保守模块的结构域。系统进化树分析显示：EaRH1与拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)DEAD box RNA解旋酶At3g22320在氨基酸序列上有相对较高的同源性。序列结构比较和进化分析可推测出EaRH1可能参与植物体生长发育、miRNA生物合成、与RNA结合蛋白的相互作用和非生物胁迫应答。本文的研究为探索问荆DEAD box RNA解旋酶的进一步功能提供参考。     

DEAD-box RNA解旋酶家族在天然免疫应答信号通路中的作用

病毒入侵宿主细胞时,宿主细胞启动抑制病毒复制的免疫机制.同样,病毒也会利用多种手段去逃避先天免疫感应机制的监测以及宿主细胞对外来者的降解,同时还会操纵宿主细胞为自身的增殖提供便利.DEAD-box解旋酶家族是一类存在于宿主细胞中的功能蛋白,它们在转录、剪接、mRNA的合成和翻译等多种细胞过程中起着关键作用.该家族成员拥...     

番茄 DEAD-box RNA 解旋酶基因 SlDEAH1 的克隆及表达分析简

DEAD-box RNA解旋酶是一种特殊的RNA分子伴侣,参与了RNA代谢,包括前体RNA剪接、核糖体合成、RNA降解以及基因表达,并对植物的发育和抗性等也具有重要作用。根据已报道的拟南芥DEAD-box蛋白,通过同源比对,在NCBI据库中筛选得到一个DEAD-box RNA解旋酶同源蛋白,命名为SlDEAH1,并根据其基因序列设计特异引物,应用RT-PCR方法从野生型番茄（Solanum lycopersicum）AC⁺⁺中克隆得到了该基因的全长编码区序列。利用生物学网站、软件及实时荧光定量PCR方法,对其进行生物信息学、表达模式、胁迫及激素处理分析。结果表明：SlDEAH1包括2 073 bp的开放阅读框,编码690个氨基酸残基,其编码蛋白有9个保守结构基序,其所涉及到的ATP结合、ATP水解及RNA结合等功能对于解旋酶活性是至关重要的;表达模式分析表明SlDEAH1基因可能在野生型番茄萼片、叶片发育及果实成熟方面起到重要作用;高温、低温、脱水、伤害、盐胁迫不同程度的诱导了SlDEAH1的表达,但在根中该基因的表达受盐胁迫抑制;ABA、ACC、IAA、GA₃、MeJA和ZT均不同程度诱导了SlDEAH1的表达,其中ABA诱导效应最为明显。这些结果为进一步研究SlDEAH1在番茄发育和胁迫响应中的功能奠定了基础。     

大白菜碳酸酐酶基因的克隆与序列分析

以大白菜雄性不育系和保持系花蕾差异表达片段EST H9为信息探针,在GenBank数据库中进行同源EST序列检索,并对亲缘关系近的同源EST序列进行拼接,得到大白菜EST H9的5'-cDNA序列.根据拼接组装所得的5'-cDNA序列,进行3'-RACE引物的设计,经RACE扩增、测序,获得了大白菜α-碳酸酐酶3基因的cDNA全长序列并将其登录到GenBank(登录号为GU143061),命名为BrACA3.该cDNA全长998 bp,编码270个氨基酸.同源分析显示该cDNA序列推导的氨基酸序列与拟南芥α-碳酸酐酶3一致性达78%.氨基酸序列分析表明,该蛋白具备跨膜功能,在第19和20个氨基酸之间存在一个信号肽序列,存在丝氨酸、苏氨酸和酪氨酸磷酸化位点.在大白菜花蕾败育过程中α-碳酸酐酶3基因不表达,只在保持系B7的大花蕾时期表达.     

玉米细胞质雄性不育及其育性恢复基因的研究进展

玉米是杂种优势利用最成功的作物之一,采用细胞质雄性不育(CMS)进行玉米杂交种生产已成为杂种优势利用的有力工具。CMS是由于细胞质和细胞核的基因表达产物的不协调而产生的不育性,可被核基因组中的恢复基因恢复。根据育性恢复专效性,玉米CMS材料主要分为T、C和S三种类型。综述了这三种类型不育及其恢复基因的研究进展,分析了在不育化制种中的应用情况。     

玉米S组细胞质雄性不育线粒体R区序列与多型性分析

玉米Ｓ组细胞难性不育（ＣＭＳ）可能与线粒体基因组中的Ｒ区域有关。对不同核背景下唐徐、双２种Ｓ胞质的线粒体ＤＮＡ以Ｒ区特异探针的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析发现均有６．７ｋｂ、４．５ｋｂ、１．８ｋｂ的３条谱带,分别对应于２种位于线粒体基因组中间的类型和１个线性末端,并且核背景对这３种不同形式的Ｒ区域的量有影响。对Ｍｏ１７和７７核背景下Ｎ、Ｔ、Ｃ４种胞质１７种材料的玉米线粒体基因组中Ｒ区的Ｓｏｕｔｈｅｒｎ分析     

一个与玉米基因表达沉默有关的cDNA片段的克隆及序列分析

利用cDNA-AFLP技术分离了一个与玉米基因表达沉默有关的cDNA片段,Northern杂交分析表明,该基因在Mo17的苗期和雄穗生长锥伸长期都表达,但在Mo17与其亲缘关系较近的另一亲本杂交的F1代中却表现沉默,即表现单亲沉默。同源性分析表明,该克隆片段与GenBank中玉米通用调控因子(GRF)部分区段有98．6％的同源性,与玉米通用调控因子编码的mRNA部分序列有83％的同源性。以上结果表明,基因沉默可能是亲本GRF在F     

不同基因型玉米间作的群体质量

采用大田试验,研究了不同基因型玉米间作的群体质量特征.结果表明,HF9‖XD20间作,植株中部叶片平均叶龄延长,而对下部和上部叶片影响不大;ZD958‖LD981间作,ZD958植株下部叶片平均叶龄延长,而中、上部叶片则缩短,LD981植株下、中、上部叶片平均叶龄均有所延长.吐丝前,群体叶面积指数(LAI)单间作无明显差异,吐丝后,HF9和LD981的LAI分别大于和显著大于单作群体,而ZD958和XD20则分别小于和显著小于单作群体.紧凑型品种和半紧凑型品种间作增加了群体透光率,吐丝后10d,4个品种棒三叶叶色值(SPADR)均有所增加,并且除ZD958外,其余3个品种棒三叶净光合速率均有所增加,其中LD981增加显著.间作对吐丝以前的群体干物质积累量影响不大,吐丝后,半紧凑型品种(HF9和LD981)的干物质积累量增加,其中LD981增加显著,而紧凑型品种(XD20和ZD958)的干物质积累量减少,其中ZD958显著减少;间作还提高了收获指数,并且两种间作群体的土地当量比(LER)均大于1.结果提示,紧凑型与半紧凑型玉米品种的间作可以提高群体质量,延长叶片功能期,提高光合效率,增加籽粒产量.     

Characterization and Fine Mapping of a Necrotic Leaf Mutant in Maize (Zea mays L.)

Maize (Zea mays L.) is a commercially important crop. Its yield can be reduced by mutations in biosynthetic and degradative pathways that cause death. In this paper, we describe the necrotic leaf (nec-t) mutant, which was obtained from an inbred line, 81647. The nec-t mutant plants had yellow leaves with necrotic spots, reduced chlorophyll content, and the etiolated seedlings died under normal growth conditions. Transmission electron microscopy revealed scattered thylakoids, and reduced numbers of grana lamellae and chloroplasts per cell. Histochemical staining suggested that spot formation of nec-t leaves might be due to cell death. Genetic analysis showed that necrosis was caused by the mutation of a recessive locus. Using simple sequence repeat markers, the Nec-t gene was mapped between mmc0111 and bnlg2277 on the short arm of chromosome 2. A total of 1287 individuals with the mutant phenotype from a F₂ population were used for physical mapping. The Nec-t gene was located between markers T31 and H8 within a physical region of 131.7 kb.     

Starch Mobilization in Ultradried Seed of Maize (Zea mays L.) During Germination

The effects of ultradry storage on the starch mobilization in maize (Zea mays L.) seed after aging were investigated. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the content of ATP,starch, and soluble sugar, as well as the activity of amylase, between ultradried seeds and seeds stored at -20 ℃ during germination. These results were consistent with the higher level of vigor of the ultradried seed. Sieve tube introduction of a fluorescence dye (carboxyl fluoresceindiacetate) and laser confocal microscopy were used to study the development of plasmodesmata in the ultradried seeds. The results indicated that plasmodesmata developed well in ultradried seeds. Fluorescence analysis also showed that the fluorescence intensity in the radicle of ultradried seeds was stronger than that in seeds with a higher moisture content. This suggests that ultradry treatment has no adverse effects on the seeds. After seed imbibition, cell orgaelles could be resumed. It is concluded that ultradry seed storage is beneficial for maintaining seed vigor and that starchy mobilization proceeds regularly during germination.     

Plant Regeneration from Protoplasts of Corn(Zea mays L.)

Maize embryogenic calli induced from pollen were subcultured for one and one half years on N, basic medium supplemented with 2 mg/1 kinetin, 1 mg/l 6-benzyl-aminopurine, 0.3 mg/l 2,4-D, 500 mg/l casein hydrolysate and 250 mg/l glutamine. These embryogenic calli were used for protoplast isolation. Protoplasts were cultured on Z2 medium (Table 1) which is composed of rice protoplast culture basic medium 1 supplemented with 0.2 mg/l kinetin, 0.1 mg/l 6-benzyl-aminopurine, 0.5 mg/l 2,4-D, 200 mg/l casein hydrolysate, 100 mg/l glutamine and 2% coconut milk. The first division of regenerated cell occurred after 4-6 days in culture. After 3 weeks later, small calli could be seen with naked eyes. At this moment, addition of the same Z2 medium with decreased osmoticum twice for the protoplast culture is necessary. Regenerated calli, 2–4 mm in diameter, were transferred in succession on differentiation medium Z3 and Z4 for organogenesis. Embryogenesis and plant regeneration could occur simultaneously on Z4 differentiation medium. It seems that except the cultural conditions genotype and using of embryogenic materials are the two key factors for plant regeneration of maize protoplast and the former may be the critical one.     

不同类型春玉米灌浆期间籽粒中内源激素IAA、GA、ZR、ABA含量的变化

田间种植的高淀粉（‘郑单19’）、高油（‘通油1号’）和普通型（‘吉单209’）春玉米在籽粒灌浆过程中,‘郑单19’的IAA在授粉后28d达到峰值,‘吉单209’和‘通油1号’的峰值出现在35d;在3个杂交种中,‘郑单19’的IAA峰值最大,‘吉单209’次之,‘通油1号’最低;整个籽粒灌浆期间,‘通油1号’和‘吉单209’的GA含量高于‘郑单19’,在灌浆后期,‘通油1号’仍保持较高的GA含量;‘通油1号’ZR含量的峰值最高,直到后期仍保持较高的水平;‘郑单19’在籽粒灌浆前期的ABA含量较低,但在后期的含量较高。     

盐胁迫对玉米耐盐系与盐敏感系苗期几个生理生化指标的影响

对玉米耐盐系和盐敏感系在不同浓度盐胁迫下生理变化研究的结果表明,与盐敏感系相比,玉米耐盐系叶绿素含量高,脯氨酸、MDA含量及组织外渗液的相对电导率低,且变化幅度小。随盐浓度的增加,玉米耐盐系和盐敏感系的SOD、POD活性均先增加后降低,但玉米耐盐系峰值出现较晚。耐盐系的CAT活性明显大于盐敏感系;地上部分Na/K值小于盐敏感系,且增加的幅度小,而地下部分正相反。     

Starch Mobilization in Ultradried Seed of Maize （Zea mays L.） During Germination

The effects of ultradry storage on the starch mobilization in maize (Zea mays L.) seed after aging were investigated. The results indicated that there were no significant differences in the content of ATP, starch, and soluble sugar, as well as the activity of amylase, between ultradried seeds and seeds stored at -20℃ during germination. These results were consistent with the higher level of vigor of the ultradried seed. Sieve tube introduction of a fluorescence dye (carboxyl fluoresceindiacetate) and laser confocal microscopy were used to study the development of plasmodesmata in the ultradried seeds. The results indicated that plasmodesmata developed well in ultradried seeds. Fluorescence analysis also showed that the fluorescence intensity in the radicle of ultradried seeds was stronger than that in seeds with a higher moisture content. This suggests that ultradry treatment has no adverse effects on the seeds. After seed imbibition, cell orgaelles could be resumed. It is concluded that ultradry seed storage is beneficial for maintaining seed vigor and that starchy mobilization proceeds regularly during germination.     

水杨酸对镉胁迫下玉米幼苗质膜透性和保护酶活性的影响

在Cd^2＋胁迫下,添加外源水杨酸（SA）的培养液中生长的玉米幼苗叶中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）和过氧化氢酶（CAT）的活性均提高,质膜透性降低,丙二醛（MDA）的积累减少,显示SA对Cd^2＋胁迫具有一定的缓解效应。