Flavonoid distribution patterns in Leucanthemum and related species from North Africa

Flavonoid data is reported for 16 species including eight species of Leucanthemum from North Africa, four from Europe and related species in the Chrysanthemum-Leucanthemum complex. Flavonols, especially quercetin, isorhaamnetin, kaempferol, patuletin and spinacetin, are predominant in the North African species. Flavones, which are common in Leucanthemum species in Europe, are of very rare occurrence in the North African species. The relationship of the species based on the distribution of flavonoid glycosides and aglycones from the ray florets is discussed.     

Five new species of Triotemnus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae) from Morocco and Yemen

Fivenew species of the genus Triotemnus from Morocco and Yemen are described. Triotemnus is a new genus of Scolytinae for the Yemen region. External morphology of the new species and all morphologically related species of the genus were studied. While the new species from Morocco are morphologically similar to the known species from the corresponding region, all three newly described species from Yemen, mainly two of them living in Socotra, are morphologically very different from all other known species of the genus. Geographical distribution and the probability of endemicity are discussed.     

Tropical fungus-feeding Thysanoptera of the genus Macrophthalmo thrips

The genus Macrophthalmothrips is redefined from a study of all the described species. One new species is described from Jamaica, five species are placed in synonymy, and a key is provided to the thirteen species now recognised. Variation in colour and antennal structure is discussed, and notes are given on the biology and distribution of the species.     

What do the biodiversity experiments tell us about consequences of plant species loss in the real world?

Experiments where the diversity of species assemblage is manipulated are sometimes used to predict the consequences of species loss from real communities. However, their design corresponds to a random selection of the lost species. There are three main factors that limit species richness: harshness of the environment, competitive exclusion, and species pool limitation. Species loss is usually caused by increasing effects of these factors. In the first two cases, the species that are excluded are highly non-random subsets of the potential species set, and consequently, the predictions based on random selection of the lost species might be misleading. The data show that the least productive species are those being recently excluded from temperate grasslands and consequently, species loss is not connected with decline of productivity. The concurrent species loss in many communities, however, means also a reduction of the available diaspore pool on a landscape scale, and could result in increased species pool limitation in other communities.     

Sexual size dimorphism in parasitoid wasps

Sexual dimorphism in body length and proportion of overlap between the ranges of body length for males and females were estimated for 361 species of parasitoid wasps from 21 families. In most species, females are generally larger than males, though the range of male and female sizes overlap. Species in the family Ichneumonidae differ significantly from species in other families in three ways: (1) ichneumonids on average are larger, (2) in most species, females are generally smaller than males, and (3) on average, proportion overlap between the ranges of body length for males and females is greater. At present, there is a paucity of life history data on parasitoid wasp species for which size dimorphism is known. Thus it is not clear why ichneumonids differ from species in other families. Possible evolutionary explanations for variation in dimorphism among parasitoid wasp species are discussed.     

Comparisons of evolutionarily distinct fibronectins: evidence for the origin of plasma and fibroblast cellular fibronectins from a single gene

Plasma and fibroblast cellular fibronectins from three different species were compared for structural similarities and differences. Partial tryptic digestion of either human or chicken plasma and cellular fibronectins yields homologous protease-resistant domains within a species but few homologies between species regardless of the source. Within a species, human or chicken plasma and fibroblast cellular fibronectins are immunologically indistinguishable as determined by the ELISA technique. There is limited immunological cross-reactivity between species. Two-dimensional tryptic peptide maps of fibroblast cellular and plasma fibronectins from the same species are also very similar: 85-95% of the spots on such maps comigrate. When peptide maps from different species are compared, no more than 10% of the spots comigrate. Three models for the genetic origin of cellular and plasma fibronectins in vertebrates are considered. A model in which both fibroblast cellular and plasma fibronectins arise from the same gene is the simplest that is consistent with the data.     

Aeolid opisthobranch molluscs (Glaucidae) from the Indian Ocean and the south-west Pacific

Eight aeolid opisthobranch molluscs of the subfamilies Facelininae, Favorininae, and Herviellinae are reported from Tanzanian waters, and two species from Northwestern India. New records from Queensland, Australia greatly extend the range of two species reported from Tanzania. Phidiana militaris (Alder & Hancock) and P. indica (Bergh) are shown to be distinct and a species from New Zealand, originally identified as P. militaris , is shown to be new. P. bourailli (Risbec), previously reported only from New Caledonia, is described from Tanzania, as is a new species of Phidiana. Favorinus japonicus Baba is reported from Tanzania, the first published record outside Japan, a new species of Godiva is described from Tanzania and Queensland, and three new species of Sakuraeolis are described, one from India and two from Tanzania. A new species of Herviella is described from Tanzania.     

New records and a new species of chewing lice (Phthiraptera, Amblycera, Ischnocera) found on Columbidae (Columbiformes) in Pakistan

The chewing lice (Phthiraptera) of Columbidae (Columbiformes) from Pakistan are studied. Six species of chewing lice with new host records are recorded and one new species of the genus Colpocephalum is described from Columba livia in the Karachi region. All the columbid chewing lice from Pakistan are keyed out and the new species is illustrated and compared with the closest allied species.     

中国绵粉蚧属种类记述(同翅目:蚧总科:粉蚧科)

研究和整理了中国绵粉蚧属Ｐｈｅｎａｃｏｃｃｕｓ Ｃｏｃｋｅｒｅｌｌ的种类和分布。截至目前,我国该属计有２０种,其中包括本文３新种：无管绵粉蚧Ｐ．ａｔｕｂｕｌａｔｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．,内蒙粉蚧Ｐ．ｎｅｉｍｅｎｇｕｌｉｃｕｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．和山西绵粉蚧Ｐ．ｓｈａｎｘｉｅｎｓｉｓ ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．及６个中国新纪录种：盐木绵粉蚧Ｐ．ａｒｔｈｒｏｐｈｙｔｉ Ａｒｃｈａｎｇｅｌｓｋａｙａ,时麦绵粉蚧Ｐ．ｐｒｅｉ     

A revision of the tribe Plectrothripini of fungus-feeding Thysanoptera (Phlaeothripidae: Phlaeothripinae)

Abstract The tribe Plectrothripini is redefined with examination of its systematic relationships. Keys are provided to the ten genera and forty-seven species in this tribe; one genus and eighteen species are newly described; one genus and two species are newly synonymized; two genera, Chiridothrips and Eurytrichothrips , are here removed from this tribe. The species of the tribe occur throughout the tropical and subtropical regions of the world; seventeen species are recorded from the Oriental Region, seventeen species from the Neotropical Region, ten species from the Afrotropical Region, two from Australia and one from the Pacific. They seem to be fungus-feeders, being found mainly under the bark of trees or on dead branches.     

Diversity and distribution of Collembola (Arthropoda: Hexapoda) of Brazil

Objectives of this study are to summarize the current state of knowledge of the diversity and distribution of Collembola in Brazil; to identify areas of most importance, interest, and need of additional research; and to enable development of experimental hypotheses for future research on Collembola in this region. The total number of collembolan species currently known from Brazil is 199, distributed among 19 families and 80 genera. The greatest numbers of species have been recorded from the states of Rio de Janeiro and Amazonas (with 69 and 56 species, respectively). Few or no species are known from most Brazilian states. Most of the species for which specific Brazilian environmental habitat information is available (93, 66%) are known only from forest environments. Most of the species (127, 64%) are known only from Brazil (most likely being endemic); 33 species (17%) are known only from Brazil and other neotropical areas; and 39 species (20%) have a distribution beyond the neotropical region. Results of this study indicate that much remains to be learned about the Brazilian collembolan fauna. This is especially true for areas of the northeastern, central-western, and southern regions. Studies to determine the species composition of collembolan communities in specific environments in Brazil are needed. The great diversity of Collembola species in Brazil is largely unknown and there are many opportunities for additional research on these environmentally important organisms in this area. Such additional research on the Collembola in Brazil is also essential for a better understanding of the neotropical (and world) collembolan fauna.     

Spiders of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae (Arachnida: Araneae) from Aldabra atoll

A total of 36 spider species of the families Theridiidae, Tetragnathidae and Araneidae are recorded from Aldabra atoll. Of these, 26 are described as new, together with one new subspecies. The taxonomy of the new species is discussed and, for comparative purposes, five other species not from Aldabra are illustrated. One new synonymy is established. Records for each species are given with, in some cases, notes on biology. The possible biological significance of the egg sac strings found in some species is considered. Finally, the biogeographical affinities of the Aldabra species are briefly discussed.     

广西禾本科植物二新记录属

该文报道了广西禾本科(Poaceae)植物二新记录属,即菵草属( Beckmannia Host)和草沙蚕属( Tripogon Roem. et Schult.)。菵草属有2种及1变种,分布较广,我国有1种1变种,广西首次记录到该属的菵草[ Beckmannia syzigachne (Steud.) Fern.]。草沙蚕属约有30种,多分布于亚洲和非洲,我国有11种,广西首次记录到该属的线形草沙蚕( Tripogon filiformis Nees ex Steud.)。同时,还提供了2个新记录属、种的形态描述与照片。     

Species ofAnthostomella from Brunei, includingA. oblongata sp. nov.

Species ofAnthostomella reported from Brunei have been re-examined and the data is summarized in this paper. Five species are accepted, four are synonyms of previously described species and one is a new species. The new speciesAnthostomella oblongata is described and illustrated and a list ofAnthostomella species known from Brunei and a key to these species are provided.     

中国心菌蚊属研究(双翅目:菌蚊科)

心菌蚊属Ｃｏｒｄｙｌａ Ｍｅｉｇｅｎ生活于肉质真菌Ｒｕｓｓｕｌａ属及地下真菌Ｒｈｉｚｏｐｏｇｏｎ属,主要取食菌柄基部,形成小而致密的白丝茧,在地下化蛹。仅分布于全北区,已知欧洲２０种,新北区１０种。本文报道中国心菌蚊属１新种和１新纪录种,模式标本保存于浙江林学院昆虫标本室。本属为中国新纪录属。北方心菌蚊,新种Ｃｏｒｄｙｌａ ｂｏｒｅａｌｉｓａ Ｗｕ,ｓｐ．ｎｏｖ．（图１～３）雄翅长２．９～３．６ｍ