色醇对斯达氏油脂酵母产油能力的影响

研究在发酵培养基中添加色醇对斯达氏油脂酵母发酵的影响.结果表明,在接种后0 h或12 h时添加色醇,能够明显抑制菌体生长和油脂积累;而在培养24 h或36 h添加,能够明显促进菌体生长,并增强菌体对底物利用率.与对照组比较,在36 h添加100 μmol/L色醇,生物量、油脂量和脂肪系数分别增加7.4%、13.9%和14.2%,发酵时间缩短13.3%,明显提高了油脂生产效率.气相色谱分析表明,添加色醇对菌油脂肪酸组成及其相对含量无显著影响.实验结果有助于建立调控油脂发酵的新策略,具有重要的理论和工程应用意义.     

粘红酵母在味精废水中发酵生产油脂

对粘红酵母菌株进行驯化得到一株优良菌株Rh8,利用其在味精废水中发酵以去除废水中的化学需氧量(COD)并生产油脂;考察废水pH以及添加葡萄糖母液、营养因子等对菌株Rh8在味精废水中生长、产油和COD去除效果的影响,发现将废水稀释4倍、调节pH至5.5时,菌株可以较好地生长;而添加废葡萄糖母液、酵母粉、KH2PO4、MgSO4、MnSO4均能够促进菌体的生长、产油和废水中的COD去除,在250 mL摇瓶中,生物量最高可达15.6 g/L,干菌体中油脂质量分数达到29.61%,COD去除率达到45.1%。     

斯达氏油脂酵母利用混合糖发酵产油脂

研究了斯达氏油脂酵母Lipomyces starkeyi2#利用葡萄糖-木糖混合糖为碳源生长和油脂积累特性。L.star-keyi2#利用70 g/L葡萄糖和70 g/L木糖作为碳源在30℃下摇瓶发酵96 h,糖利用率均达90%以上,菌体生物量分别为14.1 g/L和13.1 g/L,油脂质量分数分别为55.7%和52.6%。相同条件下该菌株利用混合糖(葡萄糖46 g/L,木糖24 g/L)为碳源时总糖利用率、生物量和油脂质量分数分别为75.1%,15.0 g/L和40.0%。借助于P lackett-Burm an设计法和单因子实验法对培养条件进行了优化,结果表明发酵96 h混合糖利用率可达到97.3%,发酵120 h后混合糖利用率、生物量和菌体油脂质量分数分别达99.5%、19.0 g/L和52.6%。生物量得率和油脂得率分别达到27%和14%。     

皮状丝孢酵母B3利用木薯淀粉发酵生产微生物油脂

对皮状丝孢酵母B3以木薯淀粉水解液为碳源发酵生产微生物油脂培养条件进行了优化,并在2 L发酵罐中对菌体生长和油脂积累进行了考察。摇瓶实验表明,木薯淀粉水解液的浓度高于90 g/L时不利于菌体的生长和油脂积累,皮状丝孢酵母B3发酵生产微生物油脂的最适氮源及其浓度、最适C/N比和pH分别为酵母提取物3.0 g/L、116、6.0,在此条件下培养144 h菌体生物量、油脂产量和油脂含量分别达到15.2 g/L、6.22 g/L和40.9％;在2 L发酵罐中分批发酵44 h后菌体生物量、油脂产量和油脂含量分别达28.7 g/L、12.27 g/L和42.8％。以皮状丝孢酵母B3所产油脂制备生物柴油,其主要组成包括棕榈酸甲酯、硬脂酸甲酯、油酸甲酯、亚油酸甲酯等,且理化特性符合相关国家标准,可作为一种有潜力的化石燃料替代品。     

发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporon fermentans)发酵产油脂的研究

通过摇瓶发酵,考察了碳源浓度、氮源种类和浓度对发酵性丝孢酵母(Trichosporonfermentans)发酵产油脂的影响,对发酵产油脂条件的初步优化结果为:在葡萄糖100 g/L、蛋白胨1.8 g/L、初始pH 7.0的培养基中,以10%的接种量,于33℃、190 r/min的摇床上发酵120 h,可得菌体生物量为18.2 g/L,干细胞的油脂含量为68.5%。     

混合添加乙醇和H2O2对嗜热子囊菌产过氧化氢酶的影响

在以嗜热子囊菌( T. aurantiacus WSH03-01BC)生产过氧化氢酶的7L罐发酵研 究中,发现混合添加适量的乙醇(75%)和H2O2可以促进菌体产酶.在发酵36h和 48h分别添加0.8%(v/v)的乙醇时,酶活比对照提高了34.3%;当添加乙醇的总量超过2.4 %时 ,对菌体的生长及产酶有明显的抑制作用;在发酵36～60h恒速流加1.6%的乙醇,CAT的酶活 达到2519U/mL,单位细胞产酶能力提高了47.3%;在发酵36h～60h恒速流加1.6%的乙醇并在4 8h混合添加0.4%的H2O2时,CAT的酶活达到2786U/mL,比对照提高了50.1% .     

影响被孢霉产生含γ-亚麻酸油脂的几种因素

对培养条件,如氮源种类、C／N比率、pH、种子种龄与接种量对被孢霉(Mortierellasp.)M14菌株的细胞生长和油脂形成的影响作了研究。结果表明,二级发酵优于一级发酵。M14菌株二级发酵时,种子种龄以49h为适,接种量宜大(30％)。无机氮源有利于不饱和脂肪酸的产生,有机氮源有利于细胞的增殖。低C／N比率有利于菌丝体产量的提高,提高C／N比率则能促进菌体细胞内的油脂合成。pH对菌体生长、油脂产生以及γ-亚麻酸含量都有显著的影响。     

圆红冬孢酵母发酵菊芋块茎产油脂的研究

研究了圆红冬孢酵母Y4发酵菊芋块茎,菊芋品种及其处理方法对发酵产油的影响。结果表明,菊芋浸提汁、酸水解液或菊芋浆均可直接被圆红冬孢酵母Y4利用,发酵积累油脂,但白皮菊芋比紫皮菊芋更有利于油脂发酵。发酵菊芋浸提汁或酸水解液时,无需添加外源营养物,干菌体油脂含量可达到40%（w/w）;发酵菊芋浆时,白皮菊芋转化率达到12.1 g油/100 g去皮干菊芋。菊芋油脂发酵产品主要以16碳和18碳系脂肪酸为主,与常规植物油的脂肪酸组成相似,可作为制备生物柴油的新型替代原料。     

影响被孢霉产生含r—亚麻酸油脂的几种因素

对培养条件,如氮源种类、Ｃ／Ｎ比率、ｐＨ、种子种龄与接种量对被孢霉（Ｍｏｒｔｉｅｒｅｌｌａ ｓｐ）Ｍ１４菌株的细胞生长和油脂形成的影响作了研究。结果表明,二级发酵优于一级发酵。Ｍ１４菌株二级发酵时,种子种龄以４９ｈ为适,接种量宜大（３０％）。无机氮源有利于不饱和脂肪酸的产生,有机氮源有利于细胞的增殖。低Ｃ／Ｎ比率有利于菌丝体产量的提高,提高Ｃ／Ｎ比率则能促进菌体细胞内的油脂合成。ｐＨ对菌体生长、油     

油脂酵母发酵木糖生产微生物油脂

目的用斯达油脂酵母(Lipomyces starkeyi)作为发酵菌株,以纯木糖溶液为油脂发酵原料,对L.starkeyi利用木糖积累油脂进行系统研究。方法 L.starkeyi于斜面培养基中活化后,接种于YPD液体培养基,于30℃、200 r/min摇床培养。在摇瓶中培养一段时间后,测定发酵液细胞浓度,离心发酵液收集细胞。将离心后得到的菌体加入木糖溶液重悬,并转接于含50 mL木糖溶液的250 mL摇瓶中进行发酵生产。结果相比一阶段法,两阶段发酵方法可以在更短的时间内达到较高的油脂含量,油脂含量能够达到细胞自身干重的60%以上。实验发现高菌龄酵母产油速度更快;并且初始木糖浓度高达120 g/L时,酵母细胞仍然能够高效合成油脂。结论 L.starkeyi能够有效利用木糖进行发酵产生油脂,是以木质纤维素为原料生产微生物油脂的优良菌种。     

Recent advances in the study of Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus replication and pathogenesis

It has now been over twenty years since a novel herpesviral genome was identified in Kaposi's sarcoma biopsies. Since then, the cumulative research effort by molecular biologists, virologists, clinicians, and epidemiologists alike has led to the extensive characterization of this tumor virus, Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus(KSHV; also known as human herpesvirus 8(HHV-8)), and its associated diseases. Here we review the current knowledge of KSHV biology and pathogenesis, with a particular emphasis on new and exciting advances in the field of epigenetics. We also discuss the development and practicality of various cell culture and animal model systems to study KSHV replication and pathogenesis.     

A Unique Protease Cleavage Site Predicted in the Spike Protein of the Novel Pneumonia Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Potentially Related to Viral Transmissibility

正Dear Editor,In December 2019, a novel human coronavirus caused an epidemic of severe pneumonia(Coronavirus Disease 2019,COVID-19) in Wuhan, Hubei, China(Wu et al. 2020; Zhu et al. 2020). So far, this virus has spread to all areas of China and even to other countries. The epidemic has caused 67,102 confirmed infections with 1526 fatal cases     

Curcuminoids as inhibitors of thioredoxin reductase: A receptor based pharmacophore study with distance mapping of the active site

Curcumin is the yellow pigment of turmeric that interacts irreversibly forming an adduct with thioredoxin reductase (TrxR), an enzyme responsible for redox control of cell and defence against oxidative stress. Docking at both the active sites of TrxR was performed to compare the potency of three naturally occurring curcuminoids, namely curcumin, demethoxy curcumin and bis-demethoxy curcumin. Results show that active sites of TrxR occur at the junction of E and F chains. Volume and area of both cavities is predicted. It has been concluded by distance mapping of the most active conformations that Se atom of catalytic residue SeCYS498, is at a distance of 3.56 from C13 of demethoxy curcumin at the E chain active site, whereas C13 carbon atom forms adduct with Se atom of SeCys 498. We report that at least one methoxy group in curcuminoids is necessary for interation with catalytic residues of thioredoxin. Pharmacophore of both active sites of the TrxR receptor for curcumin and demethoxy curcumin molecules has been drawn and proposed for design and synthesis of most probable potent antiproliferative synthetic drugs.     

The structure, reproduction and taxonomy of Vidalia and Osmundaria (Rhodophyta, Rhodomelaceae)

Comprises species occurring mostly in subtidal habitats in tropical, subtropical and warm-temperate areas of the world. An analysis of the type species, V. spiralis (Sonder) Lamouroux ex J. Agardh, a species from Australia, establishes basic characters for distinguishing species in the genus. These characters are (1) branching patterns of thalli, (2) flat blades that may be spiralled on their axis, (3) width of the blade, (4) primary or secondary derivation of sterile and fertile branchlets and (5) position of sterile and fertile branchlets on the thalli. Application of the latter two characters provides an important basic method for separation of species into three major groups. Osmundaria , a genus known only in southern Australia, was studied in relation to Vidalia , and its separation from the Vidalia assemblage is not accepted. Species of Vidalia therefore are transferred to the older genus name, Osmundaria. Two new species, Osmundaria papenfussii and Osmundaria oliveae are described from Natal. Confusion in the usage of the epithet, Vidalia fimbriala Brown ex Turner has been clarified, and Vidalia gregaria Falkenberg, described as an epiphyte on Osmundaria pro/ifera Lamouroux, is revealed to be young branches of the host, Osmundaria prolifera.     

New or rare chromosome counts in Artemisia L. (Asteraceae, Anthemideae) and related genera from Kazakhstan

Fifteen chromosome counts of six Artemisia taxa and one species of each of the genera Brachanthemum, Hippolytia, Kaschgaria, Lepidolopsis and Turaniphytum are reported from Kazakhstan. Three of them are new reports, two are not consistent with previous counts and the remainder are confirmations of very scarce (one to four) earlier records. All the populations studied have the same basic chromosome number, x = 9, with ploidy levels ranging from 2x to 6x. Some correlations between ploidy level, morphological characters and distribution are noted.