巴氯芬注射液Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管多次鞘内注射局部刺激性研究

目的模拟临床给药途径,Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管多次鞘内注射巴氯芬注射液,观察其局部刺激性,同时进行犬行为学观察,为巴氯芬注射液安全性评价提供依据。方法12只Beagle犬分为假手术组,生理盐水对照组,巴氯芬给药组。行腰椎穿刺置管,使用单通道微量注射泵泵入给药,给药剂量为1000μg/d,生理盐水对照组给予生理盐水0.5mL,连续给药7d,恢复期7d。每日进行行为学观察,给药结束及恢复期结束时每组麻醉2只动物,取给药部位脊髓进行组织病理学检查。结果给药及恢复期期间动物行为未见异常,给药结束时各组均有部分动物观察到置管处表皮感染现象,进行局部消毒处理后在恢复期第3天恢复正常。组织病理学检查发现给药及恢复期结束时各组动物脊髓均可见血管周围炎细胞浸润或脊髓内钙盐沉积,各组无差别。给药结束时巴氯芬组1例动物脊膜处有肉芽组织形成,判定与置管操作有关。结论巴氯芬注射液Beagle犬腰椎穿刺置管连续7d鞘内注射,给药剂量为1000μg/d对脊髓无局部刺激性作用,动物行为也未见异常。     

预见性护理在神经内科腰椎穿刺中的应用

目的探讨预见性护理在腰椎穿刺中的应用。方法将2010年1月～2011年10月在我科接受腰椎穿刺的460例患者,按进行腰椎穿刺先后顺序随机分为常规组与干预组,常规组接受传统的腰椎穿刺常规护理,干预组在常规护理基础上进行一些预见性护理,并比较腰椎穿刺时的配合程度,腰椎穿刺后并发症情况,腰椎穿刺时心率及血氧饱和度变化。结果干预组患者腰椎穿刺配合程度高,腰椎穿刺后并发症少,心率及血氧饱和度变化不明显。结论腰椎穿刺前进行有效的预见性护理,能有效提高治疗护理的效果,预防腰椎穿刺后并发症。     

Beagle犬的基础数据

目的检测不同性别年龄段Beagle犬的血液学和血生化指标,解剖称量分析8～12月龄Beagle犬脏器重量、系数等基础数据,为实验用Beagle犬的应用与研究提供参考数据。方法采用HITACHI-7020自动生化分析仪和SWELAB—AC920EO血球自动分析仪,检测了3000多只次不同性别和年龄的健康Beagle犬的血液学和血生化数据;解剖128头Beagle犬,称量及计算正常Beagle犬各内脏器官重量及系数。结果和结论获得正常Beagle犬的血液学RBC、HCT、MCV、RDW、HGB、MCH、MCHC、PLT、WBC、LYM、MID、GRA等指标正常值及标准差,血生化ALT、AST、ALP、TP、ALB、BUN、CREA、GLU、TCHO、TBILI、TG等指标正常值及标准差;获得Beagle犬心脏、肝脏、脾脏、肺脏、左右肾、脑、肾上腺、胸腺、甲状腺、睾丸、前列腺、子宫、卵巢等内脏器官的重量和系数正常值及标准差。     

Beagle犬免疫血清犬瘟热抗体检测

采用琼脂扩散法测定血清抗体效价,同时采用微量细胞中和实验测定中和效价,检测60份Beagle犬免疫血清犬瘟热(CD)抗体.结果表明25日龄仔犬血清母源抗体维持在较高的水平,以后逐渐下降,至35日龄(首免日)血清母源抗体水平下降1～2个滴度,首免后1个月、3个月、6个月免疫抗体水平逐渐上升.根据抗体水平应选择35日龄首免.本试验为 Beagle犬瘟热病预防选择疫苗和制定合适的免疫程序提供参考,实验设定的两种免疫程序在临床上都可以使用.     

实验Beagle犬感染寄生虫的常规检查报告

Beagle犬已经在科研领域得到广泛应用。我场的Beagle犬种群也逐渐增加 ,产量扩大 ,已用于多项实验研究。了解我单位Beagle犬体内外寄生虫的感染情况及感染程度 ,有利于提高实验犬的质量 ,加强饲养管理。同时 ,常规、定期、随机检查 ,对掌握Beagle犬的生长发育等状况也很有必要。1　材料和方法本所饲养场Beagle犬 1 2 0只。分为 3组 ,第 1组为 2～ 4月龄幼犬 ,体重 2～ 4kg ,共 30只 ,♂♀各半 ;第 2组为 5～ 7月龄待发犬 ,体重 6～ 8kg ,共 66只 ,2 9♂ 37♀ ;第 3组为 1 2～ 36月龄以上种犬 ,体重 9～1 1kg ,共 2 4只 ,8♂ 1 6♀。体外寄…     

锁骨下静脉穿刺置管术用于晚期肿瘤化疗患者的体会

我科自2003年以来,对12例晚期肿瘤患者采用锁骨下静脉穿刺置管进行化疗,取得了良好的治疗效果。现报告如下。     

超声多普勒技术在323例危重症患者颈内静脉穿刺置管术中的应用

目的:探讨超声多普勒技术在危重症惠者颈内静脉穿刺置管中的临床应用价值.方珐:选取323例预计颈内静脉穿刺困难的危重症患者,在超声引导下行右颈内静脉穿刺置管,记录穿刺时间、一次穿刺置管成功率、二次以上穿刺置管成功率及并发症发生例数.结果:323例患者均在超声引导下行右颈内静脉穿刺置管成功.无一例因穿刺失败改行其他部位中心静脉穿刺.超声多普勒引导穿刺置管操作时间184.6±20.5s.超声多普勒引导一次穿刺置管成功率93%.超声多普勒引导二次以上穿刺置管成功率100%.并发症发生率4.64%.结论:应用超声多普勒技术引导危重症怠者颈内静脉穿刺置管.缩短了置管时间,减少了穿刺次数,提高了一次穿刺成功率.     

成年Beagle犬生物学指标及心电图检测值统计分析

目的 测定正常Beagle犬生理指标,比较不同性别间各参数的差异,以建立健康成年Beagle犬相关生理学参数的基础正常值.方法 根据国家(成都)中药安全性评价中心制定的标准操作规程(SOP)并参照国内外相关资料,对200只4～8月龄Beagle犬的心电图、血压、呼吸、血液学及血液生化等指标进行检测.结果 200只犬均为窦性心律,雌性犬心率较雄性快(P<0.01);血液学指标中RBC、Hb及HCT值雌性均低于雄性,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01);血生化指标中雌性犬高于雄性的是BUN(P<0.05);雌性犬低于雄性的是TP、ALB、GLU、TC及K+的含量(P<0.05或P<0.01).结论 在本实验室条件下,雌雄Beagle犬之间部分指标有统计学差异,本结果可为Beagle犬的实验提供正常值参考.     

不同粗蛋白含量日粮对Beagle犬生产力的影响

用4种不同粗蛋白含量的日粮饲喂60条2～3岁Beagle犬种犬(♀48,♂12)和200条(♀,♂各半)1～8月龄生长犬,对种母犬2～3胎的主要繁殖性能和生长犬的生长性能(体重月平均增加)进行测定.结果 表明饲喂粗蛋白含量水平为28.6%的日粮,受试母犬表现出优良的繁殖性能:配怀率98.5%、平均产仔数6.3条/胎、仔犬成活率90.3%;1～8月龄生长Beagle犬饲喂粗蛋白含量水平为32.8%为最佳,平均月增重为1.41 kg.说明不同粗蛋白含量日粮对Beagle犬生产力有明显的影响.     

经颈静脉途径制备Beagle犬心脏记忆模型

目的经颈静脉途径应用心室起搏的方法制备心脏记忆犬模型。方法 8只普通级成年健康Beagle犬经腹腔麻醉后,Seldinger’s法穿刺颈外静脉成功后送入心内膜起搏电极,将电极头端固定于右室心尖部,近端连接于脉冲发生器。起搏频率设置较犬窦性心律时的基础心率快15%,保证起搏器连续起搏。结果连续起搏1周后所有动物均成功制备为心脏记忆模型。建模后犬的心率、呼吸、体重与建模前比较,无明显改变;所有模型组犬起搏前心电图均为窦性心律,起搏1周后出现心脏T波记忆,在下壁导联以及胸前导联均出现T波倒置,停止起搏后,心脏T波记忆逐渐消失;模型组犬与正常组犬心肌病理相比,无明显改变。结论经颈静脉途径应用心室起搏法建立心脏记忆犬模型的方法,具有手术简单,创伤小,诱发方式与临床相似等优点,为深入展开心脏记忆的机制研究奠定基础。     

Cerebrospinal Fluid Parameters in Healthy Volunteers During Serial Lumbar Punctures

Lumbar punctures were performed on four occasions over a 5-day period (8:30 a.m. on days 1, 3, and 5; 2:30 p.m. on day 2) on 10 normal volunteers (five of each sex; mean age, 27.7 years) to assess, with repeated sampling, the day-to-day variation of selected CSF parameters. Two subjects abstained from the lumbar puncture on day 5 due to headache after the third puncture. Lumbar CSF was analyzed for concentrations of free and total gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), homocarnosine, homovanillic acid (HVA), 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA), total protein, albumin, and immunoglobulin (Ig)G. No significant concentration differences were found between the afternoon and next morning samples. No differences were found in concentrations of free GABA, total GABA, homocarnosine, 5-HIAA, or albumin across the study. In contrast, HVA concentrations significantly increased by day 5, whereas total protein and IgG decreased during the study. The most likely explanation for these changes involves the known concentration gradients in the CSF column.     

实验比格犬群发性泌尿系统结石的诊治

目的寻找某实验比格犬繁育基地群发性泌尿系统结石的病因及其有效的防治措施。方法采用临床诊断、病理诊断、结石成分分析、饲料成分分析、回顾性调查分析等手段以及综合的处理措施。结果经分析发现该群发性泌尿系统结石是由肉粉引起的尿酸盐结石,通过碱化尿液、降低血尿酸和去除病因等方法后,全群得到了有效的治疗。结论该肉粉是引起此次群发性泌尿系统结石的主要原因,由尿酸盐引起的、未发生器质性病变的尿路结石症可以治愈。     

5-Hydroxytryptophol in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Conjugation, Concentration Gradient, Relationship to 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid, and Influence of Hereditary Factors

The serotonin metabolite 5-hydroxytryptophol was studied in human cerebrospinal fluid. A minor fraction (approximately 13%) was found in conjugated form from which it was liberated by treatment with sulphatase containing beta-glucuronidase activity. A concentration gradient of 5-hydroxytryptophol concentration was shown on lumbar tapping and the concentration in ventricular CSF was about 2.5 times higher than that in lumbar CSF. 5-Hydroxytryptophol and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid concentrations were significantly correlated in healthy, psychotic, and depressed subjects, but not in alcoholics. 5-Hydroxytryptophol concentrations in CSF of psychotic and depressed subjects were not different from those of healthy controls (4.22 pmol/ml +/- 0.15, SEM). In healthy subjects, hereditary factors seemed to have little influence on the CSF level of 5-hydroxytryptophol.     

Measurement of Prostaglandins in the Cerebrospinal Fluid in Cat, Dog, and Man

Prostaglandins are involved in the modulation of various central functions (neurotransmitters and hypothalamic hormone release, thermoregulation, cerebro-vascular tone) and their levels increase in pathological situations [subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH), stroke, convulsive disorders, etc.]. This study, using sensitive and specific antibodies, examined levels of four eicosanoids, Prostaglandins E₂ and F_2α(PGE₂, PGF_2α); and the metabolites of PGI₂, 6-keto-prostaglandin F_1α (6-keto-PGF1_α) and of thromboxane A₂, thromboxane B₂ (TxB₂), in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) obtained atraumatically from three species (human, canine, and feline). An assessment of the methodologic procedures (extraction and radioimmunoassay) was carried out. Human lumbar cerebrospinal fluid was shown to contain PGF_2α (15–44 pg/ml), 6-keto-PGF_1α (undetectable to 39 pg/ml), and TxB₂ (un-detectable to 28 pg/ml), whereas PGE₂ was undetectable (>18 pg) in all cases. In both animals species the eico-sanoid concentrations were 3-to 30-fold higher than humans for every prostaglandin examined. Although the prostaglandin profile for a given species remained constant (cat, PGE₂:6-keto-PGF_1α:TxB₂:PGF_2α; dog, TxB₂:PGE₂:6-keto-PGF_1α:PGF_2α), the absolute levels were found to be lower in the pentobarbital-anesthetized animals than in conscious cats. The correspondence of the prostaglandin profiles found in cerebrospinal fluid with the profiles reported in the literature in brain homogenates for the same species supports the hypothesis that cerebrospinal fluid levels of prostaglandins reflect the relative rates of synthesis in neural tissue.     

Design Improvements and Validation of a Novel Fully 3D Printed Analogue Lumbar Spine Motion Segment

Spine biomechanical testing methods in the past few decades have not evolved beyond employing either cadaveric stud-ies or finite element modeling techniques.However,both these approaches may have inherent cost and time limitations.Cadaveric studies are the present gold standard for spinal implant design and regulatory approval,but they introduce sig-nificant variability in measurements across patients,often requiring large sample sizes.Finite element modeling demands considerable expertise and can be computationally expensive when complex geometry and material nonlinearity are intro-duced.Validated analogue spine models could complement these traditional methods as a low-cost and high-fidelity alter-native.A fully 3D printable L-Sl analogue spine model with ligaments is developed and validated in this research.Rota-tional stiffness of the model under pure bending loading in flexion-extension,Lateral Bending(LB)and Axial Rotation(AR)is evaluated and compared against historical ex vivo and in silico models.Additionally,the effect of interspinous,intertransverse ligaments and the Thoracolumbar Fascia(TLF)on spinal stiffness is evaluated by systematic construction of the model.In flexion,model Range of Motion(ROM)was 12.92±0.11°(ex vivo:16.58°,in silico:12.96°)at 7.5Nm.In LB,average ROM was 13.67±0.12° at 7.5 Nm(ex vivo:15.21±1.89°,in silico:15.49±0.23°).Similarly,in AR,average ROM was 17.69±2.12° at 7.5Nm(ex vivo:14.12±0.31°,in silico:15.91±0.28°).The addition of interspinous and intertransverse ligaments increased both flexion and LB stiffnesses by approximately 5％.Addition of TLF showed increase in flexion and AR stiffnesses by 29％and 24％,respectively.This novel model can reproduce physiological ROMs with high repeatability and could be a useful open-source tool in spine biomechanics.     

定量比格犬血浆中去甲文拉法辛LC-MS/MS方法的建立及比格犬血浆中富马酸去甲文拉法辛药代动力学研究

目的:建立一种快速灵敏的液质联用方法定量比格犬血浆中去甲文拉法辛,并进行比格犬体内富马酸去甲文拉法辛药代动力学研究,同时与琥珀酸去甲文拉法辛比格犬体内药代参数进行对比。方法:样品处理采用叔丁基甲醚进行液液萃取,液相分离采用Agilent Eclipse Plus C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,3.5μm),以乙腈-乙酸铵缓冲液(1 mmol/L)(体积比80∶20)进行等度洗脱。采用单次给药和多次给药试验进行比格犬体内药代动力学研究。结果:此方法具有良好的线性、精密度、准确度,定量下限(0.5 ng/mL)高于文献报道。液液萃取的样品提取方法简便,液质联用分析时间相对较短(3 min)。结论:此方法可成功地应用于比格犬血浆中去甲文拉法辛定量分析。比格犬体内富马酸去甲文拉法辛的药代参数(单次给药和多次给药试验)与对照品琥珀酸去甲文拉法辛没有明显的统计学差异。     

Increased brain uptake and brain to blood efflux transport of 14C-GABA in spontaneously hypertensive rats

The brain uptake and brain to blood efflux transport of (14)C-GABA were studied in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR) and normotensive Wistar Kyoto (WKY) rats using 20 min bilateral in situ brain perfusion in rats anesthetized using urethane. The volume of distribution (Vd) of (14)C-GABA into cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain regions (cortex, diencephalon, cerebellum, and brain stem) was significantly greater in SHR than in the corresponding regions in WKY rats (p<0.05). The estimated Vd value of (14)C-GABA in CSF of SHR was 3.4 fold greater than that in WKY. Also compared to WKY, the Vd of (14)C-GABA into cerebellum and cortex of SHR was 15.3 fold and 19.4 fold greater, respectively. Although the study of blood-brain barrier (BBB) integrity using (3)H-mannitol revealed increased paracellular permeability at the brain capillaries of SHR when compared to WKY rats, this was found to be only partially responsible for the increased (14)C-GABA uptake. The study of brain to blood efflux transport of (14)C-GABA (after loading of brain with (14)C-GABA by vascular perfusion) revealed that the half-time of elimination was significantly shorter in SHR (5.35+/-0.66 min) than in WKY rats (14.83+/-1.94 min), (p<0.001). HPLC analysis revealed that GABA concentrations in brain extracts and CSF of SHR were similar to those in WKY rats (p>0.05). The faster efflux in SHR might be, at least partially, responsible to compensate for increased uptake of this neurotransmitter and to preserve the protective function of BBB towards GABA. The protective function of the BCSFB towards GABA appears to be also preserved, since systemic infusion of GABA within a wide range of administered doses (0.004-5.00 mg/kg) produced an increase in GABA CSF concentration from around 0.5 microM to only 11 microM, and the obtained pattern of CSF GABA concentrations under these conditions did not differ between SHR and WKY rats, as revealed by HPLC.     

Monitoring the Effect of a Tryptophan Load on Brain Indole Metabolism in Freely Moving Rats by Simultaneous Cerebrospinal Fluid Sampling and Brain Dialysis

Rats were given L-tryptophan, 50 mg/kg i.p., and its concentration in the CNS was monitored in individual freely moving animals using repeated sampling of cisternal CSF and concurrent striatal dialysis. The 5-hydroxytryptamine metabolite 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was also measured. Results were compared with changes of central tryptophan and 5-HIAA concentrations in brains of rats killed at various times after administration of L-tryptophan, 50 mg/kg i.p. Tryptophan changes in CSF were proportionate to those in whole brain and followed essentially identical time courses. Results for the striatal dialysate and whole striatum also paralleled each other. Similarly, results for 5-HIAA showed proportionality between CSF and brain and between dialysate and striatum. The data obtained were used to determine pharmacokinetic data for individual rats, i.e., areas under curves for both tryptophan and 5-HIAA and half-lives for the decline of tryptophan. Kinetic parameters varied considerably from rat to rat. However, mean half-lives for tryptophan in CSF, brain, dialysate, and striatum were all comparable. Results in general show the value of repeated CSF sampling and intracerebral dialysis for concurrent monitoring of changes of indole metabolism in the whole brain and a specific brain region, respectively. The methods should be suitable for the continuous monitoring of changes of central transmitter metabolism in parallel with observation of behavior following environmental or dietary changes or drug administration. They also should be of use in the investigation of drug kinetics in the CNS.     

Brain Transfer Coefficients for 67Ga: Comparison to 55Fe and Effect of Calcium Deficiency

The transfer coefficients (Kin) for the uptake of gallium-67 (67Ga) into brain and CSF were determined in unanesthetized male Fischer-344 rats fed either a normal or a low-Ca diet. Kin for 67Ga was also compared with transfer coefficients for the uptake of iron-55 (55Fe) and 125I-albumin in control animals. The value of CSF 67Ga Kin was 3 x 10(-7) ml.g-1.s-1 and was 50% larger in low-Ca animals. Brain regional Kin values for 67Ga were 3-9 x 10(-7) ml.g-1.s-1 with no differences in Kin between normal and low-Ca rats. CSF Kin values for 55Fe were 40% and those for albumin were 15% of Kin for 67Ga. For brain, Kin values for 55Fe were 15-40% smaller than for 67Ga, but for albumin the Kin values were 85% less than for 67Ga. 67Ga was found to be 99% bound to plasma proteins, whereas 55Fe was 99.9% bound. The results indicate that metals that are primarily bound to transferrin enter the CSF and brain very slowly. Uptake of both metals was faster than albumin, which may indicate that metal bound to small chelates contributes significantly to brain uptake. In addition, Ca deficiency does not enhance entry of Ga into the brain.