海南省粉褶蕈属的分类研究(Ⅰ)

本文报道了海南省粉褶蕈属[Entoloma(Fr.)Kumm.]6个新种,它们是:锈褐粉褶荤(Entoloma ferrugineobrunneum W.M.Zhang sp nov.),紫褐粉褶蕈(Entoloma purpureo-brunneum W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),丛生粉褶蕈(Entoloma caespitosum W.M.Zhangs sp.nov.)肉褐粉褶蕈(Entoloma carneobrunneum W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),近杯伞状粉褶蕈(Enloloma subclitocyboides W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),近偏生粉褶蕈(Entoloma subeccentricum W.M.Zhang sp.nov.),所有标本保藏于广东省微生物研究所真菌标本室。     

Functional effects of periodic tryptophan substitutions in the alpha M4 transmembrane domain of the Torpedo californica nicotinic acetylcholine receptor

Previous amino acid substitutions at the M4 domain of the Torpedo californica and mouse acetylcholine receptor suggested that the location of the substitution relative to the membrane-lipid interface and perhaps to the ion pore can be critical to the channel gating mechanism [Lasalde, J. A., Tamamizu, S., Butler, D. H., Vibat, C. R. T., Hung, B., and McNamee, M. G. (1996) Biochemistry 35, 14139-14148; Ortiz-Miranda, S. I., Lasalde, J. A., Pappone, P. A., and McNamee, M. G. (1997) J. Membr. Biol. 158, 17-30; Tamamizu, S., Lee, Y. H., Hung, B., McNamee, M. G., and Lasalde-Dominicci, J. A. (1999) J. Membr. Biol. 170, 157-164]. In this study, we introduce tryptophan substitutions at 12 positions (C412W, M415W, L416W, I417W, C418W, I419W, I420W, G421W, T422W, V423W, S424W, and V425W) along this postulated lipid-exposed segment M4 so that we can examine functional consequences on channel gating. The expression levels of mutants C412W, G421W, S424W, and V425W were almost the same as that of the wild type, whereas other mutants (M415W, L416W, C418W, I419W, I420W, T422W, and V423W) had relatively lower expression levels compared to that of the wild type as measured by iodinated alpha-bungarotoxin binding ([(125)I]-alpha-BgTx). Two positions (L416W and I419W) had less than 20% of the wild type expression level. I417W gave no detectable [(125)I]BgTx binding on the surface of oocyte, suggesting that this position might be involved in the AChR assembly, oligomerization, or transport to the cell membrane. The alphaV425W mutant exhibited a significant increase in the open channel probability with a moderate increase in the macroscopic response at higher ACh concentrations very likely due to channel block. The periodicity for the alteration of receptor assembly and ion channel function seems to favor a potential alpha-helical structure. Mutants that have lower levels of expression are clustered on one side of the postulated alpha-helical structure. Mutations that display normal expression and functional activity have been shown previously to face the membrane lipids by independent labeling studies. The functional analysis of these mutations will be presented and discussed in terms of possible structural models.     

Time-resolved infrared spectroscopy of electron transfer in bacterial photosynthetic reaction centers: dynamics of binding and interaction upon QA and QB reduction.

Light-induced forward electron transfer in the bacterial photosynthetic reaction center from Rhodobacter sphaeroides was investigated by time-resolved infrared spectroscopy. Using a highly sensitive kinetic photometer based on a tunable IR diode laser source [M?ntele, W., Hienerwadel, R., Lenz, F., Riedel, W. J., Grisar, R., & Tacke, M. (1990a) Spectrosc. Int. 2, 29-35], molecular processes concomitant with electron-transfer reactions were studied in the microsecond-to-second time scale. Infrared (IR) signals in the 1780-1430-cm-1 spectral region, appearing within the instrument time resolution of about 0.5 microseconds, could be assigned to molecular changes of the primary electron donor upon formation of a radical cation and to modes of the primary quinone electron acceptor QA and its environment upon formation of QA-. These IR signals are consistent with steady-state FTIR difference spectra of the P+Q- formation [M?ntele, W., Nabedryk, E., Tavitian, B. A., Kreutz, W., & Breton, J. (1985) FEBS Lett. 187, 227-232; M?ntele, W., Wollenweber, A., Nabedryk, E., & Breton, J. (1988) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 85, 8468-8472; Nabedryk, E., Bagley, K. A., Thibodeau, D. L., Bauscher, M., M?ntele, W., & Breton, J. (1990) FEBS Lett. 266, 59-62] and with time-resolved FTIR studies [Thibodeau, D. L., Nabedryk, E., Hienerwadel, R., Lenz, F., M?ntele, W., & Breton, J. (1990) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1020, 253-259]. At given wavenumbers, kinetic components with a half-time of approximately 120 microseconds were observed and attributed to QA----QB electron transfer. The time-resolved IR signals, in contrast to steady-state experiments where full protein relaxation after electron transfer can occur, allow us to follow directly the modes of QA and QB and their protein environment under conditions of forward electron transfer. Apart from signals attributed to the primary electron donor, signals are proposed to arise not only from the C = O and C = C vibrational modes of the neutral quinones and from the C-O and C-C vibrations of their semiquinone anion form but also from amino acid groups forming their binding sites. Some of the signals appearing with the instrument rise time as well as the transient 120-microseconds signals are interpreted in terms of binding and interaction of the primary and secondary quinone electron acceptor in the Rb. sphaeroides reaction center and of the conformational changes in their binding site.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)     

Books

Books reviewed in this article:
B aker . K. 1993. Identification Guide to European Non-passerines.
B arnard . C., G ilbert , F. & M c G regor
B askett , T.S., S ayre . M.W., T omlinson , R.E. & M irarchi .
B ezzel . E. 1993. Kompendium der Vögel Mitteleuropas.
B right , M. 1993. The Private Life of Birds.
C ook , M. 1992. The Birds of Moray and Nairn.
D avison . G.W.H. 1992. Birds of Mount Kinabalu. Borneo.
E rritzoe . J. 1993. The Buds of CITES and How to Identify Them.
F arner , D.S., K ing , J.R. & P arkes , K.C.
G ibbons , D.W., R eid , J.B. & C hapman . R.A. (eds). 1993. The New Atlas of Breeding Birds in Britain and Ireland.
H illman , J.C.
H uxley . E.
J ackson . C.E. 1993. Great Bird Paintings of the World.
J ohnsgard . P.A. 1993. Cormorants, Darters and Pelicans of the World.
M adge . S. & B urn , H. 1994. Crows and Jays. A Guide to the Crows, Jays and Magpies of the World.
N icolai . B. (ed.).
P ower , D.M. (ed.).
P riklonskiy . S.G. (ed.).
R alph . R. 1993. William MacGillivray.
R obinson , D. & C hapman , A.
S harp . P.J. 1993. Avian Endocrinology.
S mith , K.W., D fe , C.W., F earnside . J.D., F letcher , E.W. & S mith , R.N.
S olomon . D. & W illiams , J.
S ørensen , S., B loch . D. & L angvad . S.
Z immerman , J.L.     

What price medical malpractice insurance?

The Medical Review and Advisory Board has been established as a committee of the Commission on Professional Welfare of the California Medical Association to make studies and recommendations toward solution of the growing problems of professional liability insurance and malpractice actions in California. The members of the Board are: Joseph F. Sadusk, Jr., Oakland, Chairman; Wilbur Bailey, M.D., Los Angeles, vice-chairman; Howard W. Bosworth, M.D., Los Angeles; H. I. Burtness, M.D., Santa Barbara; Paul W. Frame, Jr., M.D., Sacramento; Verne G. Ghormley, M.D., Fresno; Carl M. Hadley, M.D., San Bernardino; Joseph J. O'Hara, M.D., San Diego; William F. Quinn, M.D., Los Angeles; Rees B. Rees, M.D., San Francisco; and Bernard Silber, M.D., Redwood City; Mr. Rollen Waterson, 564 Market Street, San Francisco 4, is executive secretary, and Mr. Howard Hassard is legal counsel.     

Bestimmung von Chloratrückstanden im Boden

Abstract

Kozubov, G. M.; Danilova, M. F.: Atlas ultrastruktury rastitel nych kletok 295 S., 142 Tafeln. Petrozavodsk: 1972. Reviewed H. M. Müller.

Fritzsch, W.; Bremer, R.: Bienengesundheitsdienst, 1. Aufl. 200 S., 62 Abb. Jena: VEB Gustav Fischer, 1975. Reviewed W. Lehmann.

Schumakow, I. M.; Fedorintschik, N. S.; Gussew, G. W.: Biologische Pflanzenschutzimittel. 205 S., 13 Abb., Berlin, VEB Dt. Landwirtschaftsverl., 1976. Reviewed Th. Wetzel

Grimstone, A. V.; Skaer, R. J.: A guidebook to microscopical methods 134 S., 3 Abb. London: Cambridge Univ. Press, 1972. Reviewed H. M. Müller.     

Analysis of the high- and low-spin Soret bands of horse-heart metmyoglobin complexes

Interest in the thermodynamics of the iron-binding site in hemoproteins has increased in recent years due to refinements in x-ray crystallographic studies of hemoproteins [see Deathage, J. F., Lee, R. S., Anderson, C. M. & Moffat, K. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 104 , 687–706; Heidner, E. J., Ladner, R. C. & Perutz, M. F. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 104 , 707–722; Deathage, J. F., Lee, R. S. & Moffat, K. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 104 , 723–728; Ladner, R. C., Heidner, E. J. & Perutz, M. F. (1976) J. Mol. Biol. 114 , 385–414; Fermi, G. & Perutz, M. F. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 114 , 421–431; Takano, T. (1977) J. Mol. Biol. 110 , 537–568 and 569–589], the synthesis and x-ray analysis of model heme compounds [see Scheidt, W. R. (1977) Acc. Chem. Res. 10 , 339–345; Kastner, M. E., Scheidt, W. R., Mashino, T. & Reed, C. A. (1978) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100 , 666–667; Mashiko, T., Kastner, M. E., Spartalian, K., Scheidt, W. R. & Reed, C. A. (1978) J. Am. Chem. Soc. 100 , 6354–6362; Hill, H. A. O., Skite, P. P., Buchler, J. W., Luchr, H., Tonn, M., Gregson, A. K. & Pellizer, G. (1979) Chem. Commun. 4 , 151–152; and Scheidt, W. R., Cohen, I. A. & Kastner, M. E. (1979) Biochemistry 18 , 3546–3556], and the numerous data on heme–protein interactions that account for the differences observed in ligand binding between the various species of animals. Numerous probes have been used and provide information about the structure and thermodynamics of the binding site, but no single probe can provide the complete picture [see Iizuka, T. & Yonetani, T. (1970) Adv. Biophys. 1 , 157–182; Smith, D. W. & Williams, R. J. P. (1970) Struct. Bond. 7 , 1–45; and Spiro, T. G. (1975) Biochim. Biophys. Acta 416 , 169–189].     

Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this article:
Mitteilungen aus der Biologischen Bundesanstalt für Land- und Forstwirtschaft
Ebing, W., Gaschromatographie der Pflanzenschutzmittel. Tabellarische Literaturreferate VI. Kumulative Indices I—VI
Smith, K. M. , Plant Viruses. Sechste Auflage
Nultsch, W., Allgemeine Botanik. Kurzes Lehrbuch für Mediziner und Natur-wissenschaftler
Büchel, K. H. (Hrsg.), Pflanzenschutz und Schädlingsbekämpfung
Firman, I. D., and J. M. Waller , Coffee berry disease and other Colletotrichum diseases of coffee     

Buchbesprechungen / Book Reviews

Book reviewed in this articles:
Omar, M. H. , Meteorological factors affecting the epidemiology of the cotton leaf worm and the pink boll worm.
Omar, M. H. , The economic value of agrometeorological information and advice.
Reinert, J., and M. M. Yeoman , Plant Cell and Tissue Culture.
Hassal, K. A. , The Chemistry of Pesticides; Their Metabolism, Mode of Action and Uses in Crop Protection.
Wetzel, T. , und E. Fuchs (Wiss. Redaktion), Schaderreger in der industrie-maEigen Getreideproduktion.
Dorffling, K. , Das Hormonsystem der Pflanzen.
Zentmyer, G. A. , Phytophthora cinnamomi and the diseases it causes.
Advances in Agricultural Microbiology , edited by N. S. SUBBA RAO.
Wareing, P. F. , Plant Growth Substances 1982.
Kreuter, M.-L. , Biologischer Pflanzenschutz: naturgemafie Abwehr von Schad-lingen und Krankheiten.
Schaufele, W. R., Deleplanque & Cie (Hrsg.), Schadlinge und Krankheiten der 2iickcrriibe.
Loewus, F. A., and W. Tanner , Plant Carbohydrates I.
Hoppe, W., W. Lohmann, H. Markl, H. Ziegler (Hrsg.), Biophysik.
Mace, M. E., A. A. Bell and C. H. Beckmann (eds.). Fungal Wilt Diseases of Plants.     

Review

Book reviewed in this article:
Verheij, E. W. M. & Coronel, R. E. (eds). 1991. Plant resources of South-East Asia (PROSEA) No 2.
Jansen P. C. M., Lemmens, R. H. M. J., Oyen, L. P. A., Siemonsma     

Bacterial alginate lyase inactive on alginate biosynthesized by Pseudomonas aeruginosa

A bacterium (strain Al) isolated from a ditch produces three kinds of intracellular alginate lyases [Al-I (molecular weight: M.W. 60,000), Al-II-1 (M.W. 60,000) and Al-II-2]; the former two lyases have been purified and characterized (Yonemoto et al., J. Ferment. Bioeng., 72, 152–157, 1991). As part of a series of studies, Al-II-2 lyase was purified from cell-free extract of the bacterium. The lyase, with a M.W. of 25,000, depolymerized sodium-, potassium- and propyleneglycol alginates most efficiently at pH 8.0, 70°C, but it was inactive toward bacterial alginates with O-acetyl groups.     

New Books

Book reviewed in this article: Wrangham, R. W., McGrew, W. C., de Waal, F. B. M. & Heltne , P. G. (eds) 1996: Chimpanzee Cultures. Lewkowicz, D. J. & Lickliter , R. (eds) 1994: The Development of Intersensory Perception. Maffei, L. & Fiorentini , A. 1997: Das Bild im Kopf (Originaltitel: Arte e Cervello. Pearce , J.M. 1997: Animal Learning and Cognition. Gould, J. L., & Gould , C. G. 1997: Bewußtsein bei Tieren.     

NMR solution structure of a complex of calmodulin with a binding peptide of the Ca2+ pump.

The three-dimensional structure of the complex between calmodulin (CaM) and a peptide corresponding to the N-terminal portion of the CaM-binding domain of the plasma membrane calcium pump, the peptide C20W, has been solved by heteronuclear three-dimensional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The structure calculation is based on a total of 1808 intramolecular NOEs and 49 intermolecular NOEs between the peptide C20W and calmodulin from heteronuclear-filtered NOESY spectra and a half-filtered experiment, respectively. Chemical shift differences between free Ca(2+)-saturated CaM and its complex with C20W as well as the structure calculation reveal that C20W binds solely to the C-terminal half of CaM. In addition, comparison of the methyl resonances of the nine assigned methionine residues of free Ca(2+)-saturated CaM with those of the CaM/C20W complex revealed a significant difference between the N-terminal and the C-terminal domain; i.e., resonances in the N-terminal domain of the complex were much more similar to those reported for free CaM in contrast to those in the C-terminal half which were significantly different not only from the resonances of free CaM but also from those reported for the CaM/M13 complex. As a consequence, the global structure of the CaM/C20W complex is unusual, i.e., different from other peptide calmodulin complexes, since we find no indication for a collapsed structure. The fine modulation in the peptide protein interface shows a number of differences to the CaM/M13 complex studied by Ikura et al. [Ikura, M., Clore, G. M., Gronenborn, A. M., Zhu, G., Klee, C. B., and Bax, A. (1992) Science 256, 632-638]. The unusual binding mode to only the C-terminal half of CaM is in agreement with the biochemical observation that the calcium pump can be activated by the C-terminal half of CaM alone [Guerini, D., Krebs, J., and Carafoli, E. (1984) J. Biol. Chem. 259, 15172-15177].     

Book Reviews

Books reviewed in this article:
BERNARDO, J. M., BERGER, J. O., DAWID, A. P., and SMITH, A. F. M. (editors). Bayesian Statistics 6.
VAN DER VAART, A. W. Asymptotic Statistics.
NOLAN, D. and SPEED, T. StatLabs: Mathematical Statistics Through Applications.
BINNS, M. R., NYROP, J. P., and VAN DER WERF, W. Sampling and Monitoring in Crop Protection: The Theoretical Basis for Developing Practical Decision Guides.
DIECKMANN, U., LAW, R., and METZ, J. A. J. (editors). The Geometry of Ecological Interactions: Simplifying Spatial Complexity.
LAWSON, A., BIGGERI, A., BOHNING, D., LESAFFRE, E., VIEL, 3.-F., and BERTOLLINI, R. Disease Mapping and Risk Assessment for Public Health.
BLAND, M. and PEACOCK, J. Statistical Questions in Evidence Based Medicine. Oxford University Press, Oxford, 2000.
MANLY, B. F. J. Statistics for Environmental Science and Management.
RÍOS INSUA, D. and RUGGERI, F. (editors) Robust Bayesian Analysis.
BARNDORFF-NIELSEN, 0. E., COX, D. R., and KLUP-PELBERG, C. Complex Stochastic Systems.
PETRIE, A. and SABIN, C. Medical Statistics at a Glance.
THERNEAU, T. M. and GRAMBSCH, P. M. Modeling Survival Data: Extending the Cox Model.
TAN, W.-Y. Stochastic Modeling of AIDS Epidemiology and HIV Pathogenesis.
CHATFIELD, C. Time-Series Forecasting.
MATTHEWS, J. N. S. An Introduction to Randomized Controlled Clinical Trials.
CLARK, I. and HARPER, W. V. Practical Geostatistics 2000.
TANIGUCHI, M. and KAKIZAWA, Y. Asymptotic Theory of Statistical Inference for Time Series.
KARIAN, Z. A. and DUDEWICZ, E. J. Fitting Statistical Distributions: The Generalized Lambda Distribution and Generalized Bootstrap Methods.     

Besprechungen / Reviews

Book reveiwed in this article.
Environmental Pollutants — Selected Analytical Methods ; (Scientific Committee on Problems of the Environment (SCOPE 6); Working Group on Methodology of Determination of Toxic Substances in the Environment. Compiled by W. G allay , H. E gan , J. L. M onkman , R. T ruhaut , P. W. W est und G. W idmark .
Olive, L. S., The Mycetozoans.
Hassebrauk, K., und G. Robbelen, Der Gelbrost, Puccinia striiformis West.     

Reviews

Book reviewed in this article: Spillmann, L., & R. Wooten, eds. (1984): Sensory experience, adaptation, and perception (Sinneserfahrung, Adaptation und Wahrnehmung) Dawson , W. W., und J. M. Enoch, eds. (1984): Foundations of sensory science (Aus der Frühzeit der Sinnesphysiologie) Nachtigall, W., ed. (1984): Verhaltensphysiologischer Grundkurs (Basic course in behavioural physiology) Roberts , A., & B. L. Roberts (1983): Neural origin of rhythmic movements (Neuronale Grundlagen rhythmischer Bewegungen) Campan, R. (1980): L'animal et son univers (Das Tier in seiner Welt. The animal in its world) Horter, M. (1984): Soziale Lern– und Anwendungssituationen (Social learning in rats) Kraus, O., ed. (1983): Biologie von Sozialstrukturen bei Tier und Mensch (The biology of social organization in animals and man) Tinbergen , N., & E. A. Tinbergen (1984): Autismus bei Kindern. Fortschritte im Verständnis und neue Heilbehandlungen lassen hoffen. (‘Autistic’ children — new hope for a cure. George Allen & Unwin, London 1983, £ 19.50)     

Reviews

Book Reviewed in this article: Jablonka, E. & Lamb, M. J. 1995: Epigenetic inheritance and evolution: the Lamarckian dimension. Oxford University Press, Oxford. Wagner, W. L. & Funk, V. A. (eds.) 1995: Hawaiian biogeography: evolution on a hot spot archipelago. Bullock, T. H. 1993: How do brains work? Papers of a comparative neuro-physiologist. Series Contemporary Neuroscientists. Klump, G. M., Dooling, R. J., Fay, R. R. & Stebbins, W. C. (eds.) 1995: Methods in comparative psychoacoustics. Nöth, W., ed. 1994: Origins of semiosis: sign evolution in nature and culture. Mouton de Gruyter, Berlin, New York. von Cube, F. 1995: Gefährliche Sicherheit, Die Verhaltensbiologie des Risikos, 2. Aufl, S. Hirzel-Verlag, Stuttgart-Leipzig. Böhme, W., ed. 1993: Handbuch der Reptüien und Amphibien Europas Bd. 3/I: Schlangen (Serpentes) I. Aula Verlag, Wiesbaden.     

The amino and carboxyl termini of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+-ATPase are cytoplasmically located

Based on hydropathy analysis, the P-type cation translocating ATPases are believed to have similar topological arrangements in the membrane, but little independent evidence exists for their precise pattern of transmembrane folding. As a first step toward defining the topology of the Neurospora plasma membrane H+-ATPase, we have mapped the orientation of the amino and carboxyl termini. In three different types of experiments, both termini of the H+-ATPase were shown to be exposed at the cytoplasmic surface of the plasma membrane: 1) antibodies specific for the amino and carboxyl termini bound to permeabilized but not intact cells; 2) inside-out plasma membrane vesicles were approximately 100-fold more effective than intact cells in competing for antibody binding; and 3) trypsin, which is known to proteolyze three sites at the amino terminus and one site at the carboxyl terminus of the purified Neurospora H+-ATPase (Mandala, S. M., and Slayman, C. W. (1988) J. Biol. Chem. 263, 15122-15128), was found in the present study to cleave the same sites in inside-out plasma membrane vesicles but not in intact cells. These results indicate that the ATPase polypeptide traverses the membrane an even number of times, in support of a previously published topological model (Hager, K. M., Mandala, S. M., Davenport, J. W., Speicher, D. W., Benz, E. J., Jr., and Slayman, C. W. (1986) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 83, 7693-7697).