大连旅顺老铁山发现白头鹎

2004年11月8日,在大连旅顺老铁山鸟类环志过程中,网捕4只(2♂♂、2♀♀)白头鹎Pycnonotus sinensis,隶属鹎科鹎属。标本(1♂、1♀)保存在蛇岛老铁山自然保护区管理处,其余2只环志后放飞,环号为B29—6726、B29—6727。     

广西十万大山地区鸟类区系考察初报

1999年1月至2000年9月,作者在不同季节对十万大山地区的南坡防城市和北坡上思县等地进行了鸟类资源考察。按照不同的生境设样带考察、路线调查及网捕和猎捕。本次考察共获得鸟类标本506号,分属于8目20科83种,加上以往的文献记载,该地区总计有鸟类12目25科115种。其中东洋界鸟类103种,古北界鸟类3种,广布种9种;繁殖鸟类94种(包括留鸟和夏候鸟),冬候鸟和旅鸟21种。约占广西省鸟类总数的25．5％(451种^[4]),约占全国鸟类总数的8．7％(1319种^[12])。该区域有国家二级保护鸟类11种,广西省重点保护鸟类29种。鸟类以东洋界成分为主,它们主要分布并活动于阔叶林、人工林、竹林、灌丛、村庄、草坡、农田以及溪流水边等生境,而且大部分鸟类在此地繁殖。     

新疆鸟类环志与回收

2001年8月与14－26日在新疆阿勒泰,吐鲁番的8个环志地点进行了秋际鸟类环志工作。环志鸟类233只,约33种,多以莺亚科（Sylviinae)和鸫亚科（Turdinae)的种类为主。其中的新疆歌鸲（Luscinia sp.)等17种鸟类均属于中国首次环志种类,占环志种数的53％。     

在大理州巧遇白腹针尾绿鸠

<正>2020年10月10日破晓时分,云南大理南涧凤凰山鸟类环志站网捕到一只雄性白腹针尾绿鸠(Treron seimundi),工作人员对其进行了常规度量并环志后放飞。白腹针尾绿鸠既是中国鸟种新记录,更是中国人首次在对鸟类进行日常环志工作中所发现的中国新记录鸟种。作为云南无量山国家级自然保护区南涧管护局凤凰山环志站的员工和志愿者,我们有幸亲历对那只珍贵绿鸠的发现全过程。     

北京玉渊潭公园鸟类群落特征

2005年6月～2006年5月根据季节每月2～4次调查玉渊潭公园鸟类的物种和数量,结合玉渊潭公园所特有的地理位置、自然环境,对公园鸟类群落结构及其季节变化进行分析探讨,结果显示：玉渊潭公园中共记录到鸟类49种,其中迁徙鸟类33种,占67％,留鸟16种,占33％。公园鸟类群落呈现较强季节性,从整体上看,物种数和总数量呈现春秋两个高峰,夏季最低,鸟类总数量的季节变化呈现波动性。     

深圳松子坑森林公园鸟类多样性与群落特征研究

2008年3月至2009年2月间,每季度调查深圳松子坑森林公园鸟类的物种和数量,对公园鸟类多样性、群落结构及季节变化进行分析,结果显示:松子坑森林公园共记录到鸟类74种,隶属于12目34科,其中留鸟45种,占61％,迁徙鸟类29种,占39％.公园鸟类多样性与群落特征呈季节性波动,物种数和个体数量在秋季最高,其次是冬春季节,夏季最低.     

吉林珲春2002～2005年鸟类环志监测报告

2002～2005年在吉林省珲春市马川子乡依力南沟开展了鸟类环志研究工作。这里为长白山低山丘陵区,是候鸟经长白山脉、乌苏里江迁徙途中重要的停歇地和食物补给站。4年共环志鸟类126种63386只,其中春季103种9761只,秋季113种53625只,隶属13目37科。春季以黄喉鸦（Emberiza elegans）为迁徙鸟类的优势种,环志2467只,占春季环志数量的25．3％;秋季以黄喉鸦、红胁蓝尾鸲（Tarsiger cyanurus）、黄眉柳莺（Phylloscopus inornatus）、大山雀（Parus major）、白眉鸦（E.tristrami）、极北柳莺（P.borealis）等6种为迁徙鸟类的优势种,累计33586只,占秋季环志数量的62．6％;通过环志研究发现,被认为是留鸟的大山雀、银喉长尾山雀（Aeghhalos caudatus）、沼泽山雀（P.palustris）、长尾雀（Uragus sibiricus）具有定期的迁徙行为。     

社会网络分析方法在鸟类物种多样性分析中的应用——以董寨国家级自然保护区5.5 d环志数据为例北大核心CSCD

本研究通过社会网络分析网捕环志的数据,来调查河南董寨国家级自然保护区的鸟类物种多样性以及鸟类物种的集群特征。在2021年10月连续5.5 d的网捕环志中,总共环志12科33种鸟类,其中环志最多的鸟类物种为棕头鸦雀(Sinosuthora webbiana)、红胁绣眼鸟(Zosterops erythropleurus)和强脚树莺(Horornis fortipes)。33个物种中树栖食虫鸟类最多,共12个物种,其次是地表食虫鸟类(共8个物种)和杂食鸟类(共6个物种);留鸟17种和迁徙鸟类16种。通过社会网络分析,发现种群数量多的物种处于社会拓扑网络的中心位置,而且相同食性生态位的物种连结强度很高,如树栖食虫鸟类。结果表明,物种种群数量、食性生态位对鸟类物种社会网络关系的影响较大,而物种迁徙特征对鸟类物种社会网络关系则几乎没有影响。本文在国内尝试了采用社会网络分析来调查当地鸟类物种群落的多样性,并揭示了鸟类多物种集群的关键驱动因子。对比传统的鸟类群落调查方法,多物种社会网络分析可获取该集群的时空分布以及物种之间的相互联系。由于社会网络分析可以分析和研究不同生物水平包括个体、种群、物种等的社会行为,从而使之成为近年来很多生物研究领域的常用和热点工具。     

豫北黄河故道湿地岛类自然保护区鸟类区系调查

1997－1999年对豫北黄河故道湿地鸟类自然保护区的鸟类进行了调查,共记录鸟类119种,隶属16目37科,其中留鸟32种,占总数的26．89％,冬候鸟24种,占总数的20．17％,夏候鸟30种,占总数的25．21％,旅鸟占33种,占总数的27．73％,国家一级重点保护鸟类2种,二级重点保护鸟类19种,河南省重点保护的鸟类6种。     

帽儿山实验林场1997年春季鸟类环志研究

１９９７年春２个多月连续布网,环志鸟类１７科５３种２４８６只。红胁蓝尾鸲、黄喉Ｗｕ、灰头Ｗｕ、田Ｗｕ４种占环志总只数８２．４％。４月份环志数量最多（６８．２％）,５月份环志种类最多（４１种）。原地回收率黄喉Ｗｕ为２０．１％,灰头Ｗｕ为１７．６％。     

The importance of traditional farmland areas for steppe birds: a case study of migrant female Great Bustards Otis tarda in Spain

A detailed knowledge of the habitat requirements of steppe birds living in farmland habitats is necessary to identify agricultural practices compatible with their conservation. The globally threatened Great Bustard Otis tarda is a partial migrant in central Iberia, but factors affecting its winter habitat use have not been identified. We assessed habitat differences between breeding and wintering areas and winter habitat selection of radiotagged migrant female Great Bustards in central Spain. Of 68 tagged females, 35% moved to wintering areas located 64.3 ± 24.0 km south of their breeding areas, and 80% wintered in a single area of c. 236 km². A census of the population in this area identified it as one of the most important wintering areas of this species in the world, holding c. 1500 individuals. There were significant differences between breeding and wintering habitats of individually marked migrant females. Compared with breeding areas, wintering areas of migrant females were located further from roads and urban nuclei, had lower human population densities and area of urban developments, and a higher diversity of land‐use types, with less cover of cereals and more vineyards and olive groves. Within this area, radiotracked migrant females preferred sites with more vineyards and a lower land‐use diversity. Our results highlight the importance of traditional Mediterranean dry farmland mosaics, and suggest that different conservation strategies are needed for migrant and resident populations in winter to secure the conservation of suitable wintering habitat for Great Bustards in the Iberian Peninsula.     

How consistent are trends in arrival (and departure) dates of migrant birds in the UK?

We examine the first arrival and last departure dates of migrant bird species from, respectively, six and three English area bird reports. Of all 145 bird series, 50% demonstrated significantly earlier arrival in recent years, with the average advance over all species being 0.25 days/year or 12 days earlier over 50 years. Thirty percent of 67 series demonstrated significantly later departure, with the average species delay being 0.16 days/year or eight days later over 50 years. There was greater consistency between species in trends in first arrival than in last departure, with species such as sand martin Riparia riparia significantly earlier at all six sites while, for example, spotted flycatcher Muscicapa striata showed no significant change in arrival at all sites. Significant negative correlations between arrival dates and English temperatures were found for 26% of all series, but temperature effects on departures were less clear. We provide some evidence that trends in arrival dates may be masked by population declines in birds. Since migrant bird populations are in decline generally, this may suggest that the real advance in arrival dates may be greater than that reported here.     

Survival of Svalbard pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus in relation to winter climate, density and land-use

1. Global change may strongly affect population dynamics, but mechanisms remain elusive. Several Arctic goose species have increased considerably during the last decades. Climate, and land-use changes outside the breeding area have been invoked as causes but have not been tested. We analysed the relationships between conditions on wintering and migration staging areas, and survival in Svalbard pink-footed geese Anser brachyrhynchus. Using mark-recapture data from 14 winters (1989-2002) we estimated survival rates and tested for time trends, and effects of climate, goose density and land-use. 2. Resighting rates differed for males and females, were higher for birds recorded during the previous winter and changed smoothly over time. Survival rates did not differ between sexes, varied over time with a nonsignificant negative trend, and were higher for the first interval after marking (0.88-0.97) than afterwards (0.74-0.93). Average survival estimates were 0.967 (SE 0.026) for the first and 0.861 (SE 0.023) for all later survival intervals. 3. We combined 16 winter and spring climate covariates into two principal components axes. F1 was related to warm/wet winters and an early spring on the Norwegian staging areas and F2 to dry/cold winters. We expected that F1 would be positively related to survival and F2 negatively. F1 explained 23% of survival variation (F1,10=3.24; one-sided P=0.051) when alone in a model and 28% (F1,9=4.50; one-sided P=0.031) in a model that assumed a trend for survival. In contrast, neither F2 nor density, land-use, or scaring practices on important Norwegian spring staging areas had discernible effects on survival. 4. Climate change may thus affect goose population dynamics, with warmer winters and earlier springs enhancing survival and fecundity. A possible mechanism is increased food availability on Danish wintering and Norwegian staging areas. As geese are among the main herbivores in Arctic ecosystems, climate change, by increasing goose populations, may have important indirect effects on Arctic vegetation. Our study also highlights the importance of events outside the breeding area for the population dynamics of migrant species.     

陕西秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源调查

近20多年的野外调查发现,陕西秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源丰富,分布有475种鸟类,多为留鸟、夏候鸟和旅鸟。它们中有中国特有鸟类34种,国家Ⅰ级重点保护的鸟类9种,国家Ⅱ级重点保护的鸟类55种,还有28种鸟类被列入中国濒危动物红皮书及11种被列入世界自然保护联盟(IUCN)濒危物种红色名录中。目前因分布在自然保护区内而受到保护的鸟类有390种,占总种数的82.1%。保护区的存在有利于保护秦岭及大巴山地区的鸟类资源。     

佛坪自然保护区的鸟类

1981－1996年经野外采集与鉴定,确定佛坪自然保护区已知鸟类211种,隶属于15目40科。其中东洋界种77种,古北界种96种,广布种38种,分别占鸟类总数的37％,45％和18％,呈古北界种稍多于东洋界种的区系特征;在鸟种组成上留鸟114种,夏侯鸟59种,冬候鸟5种,旅鸟33种,分别占鸟类总数的54％,28％,2％和16％,因而鸟类主要由留鸟和夏候鸟组成;与生态适应变幅相关,随季节的变化鸟类分布与迁移变化较大;对26种国家重点保护鸟类分布与数量统计显示,保护区是国家重点保护鸟类的资源宝库,尤其是雉科为鸟类中的优势种资源。     

湖南娄底市城区公园绿地鸟类物种多样性及保护对策

城市公园绿地作为城市生态系统的重要自然组成部分,是鸟类及其他动物的重要生境和载体.快速城市化导致城市公园绿地空间格局剧烈变化,公园绿地因在城市中呈斑块状分布而具有许多岛屿栖息地的特性,对鸟类群落产生了明显的影响.为了摸清娄底市城区的鸟类群落组成及物种多样性,为制定鸟类保护措施提供依据, 2010年11月至 2012年1月采用样带和样方法对城区内7个公园绿地中鸟类物种的分布及其生境进行调查,共记录到鸟类56种,隶属于11目27科.其中留鸟为32种,占57.2%;夏候鸟、冬候鸟各12种,分别占21.4%.东洋界27种,占48.2%;古北界14种,占25.0%;广布种15种,占26.8%.国家Ⅱ级重点保护野生鸟类7种,占物种总数的12.5%.娄底市城区公园绿地鸟类群落物种Shannon指数、Pielou指数、G-F指数分别为1.49、0.85、0.62.珠山公园的物种数(42)、Shannon指数(1.41)、G指数(3.46)、F指数(6.12)、G-F指数(0.43)均最高,而月琴山公园的Pielou指数最高(0.92).对娄底市绿地鸟类资源较为贫乏的主要原因进行了分析,并提出了合理的保护建议.     

黑石顶自然保护区鸟类资源调查

对黑石顶自然保护区及它的外围区的鸟类进行了调查,已记录１３６种鸟类,属于１５目、３３科．根据中国动物地理区,有２３．５％（３２种）属古北种;５４．４％（７４种）属于东洋种;２２．１％（３０种）属广布种类．在东洋种（７４种）中,属华中种的有５．４％（４种）;属华南种有６．８％（５种）;属华中华南共有种８７．８％（６５种）．     

湖南壶瓶山自然保护区鸟类多样性分析

湖南壶瓶山自然保护区拥有鸟类１４３种,隶属１４目３４科,其中国家一级保护动物１种,二级保护动物１６种,湖南省级保护动物２９种。该地的夏候鸟４９种,冬候鸟１４种,留鸟８０种。东洋界鸟类８５种,古北界鸟类３２种,广布性鸟类２６种。壶瓶山鸟类的多样性指数为１．８４５５,均匀性指数为０．８５５０。     

国家自然保护区金佛山北坡鸟类资源及G-F指数分析

2008年7月至8月,采用样点法对国家自然保护区金佛山北坡鸟类资源进行了调查,分析了鸟类的G-F指数,结果表明:金佛山北坡鸟类资源丰富,共有鸟类115种,分属于10目33科,其中,最多为雀形目92种(80%),其次为鸡形目5种(4.35%);国家二级保护鸟类5种,被列入CITES名录的鸟类有4种;东洋界鸟类81种(70.43%),古北界鸟类26种(22.61%),广布种8种(6.96%);从居留类型看,留鸟82种(71.30%),夏候鸟27种(23.48%)、冬候鸟4种(3.48%),旅鸟2种(1.74%);金佛山自然保护区北坡的F指数为17.1257,G指数为4.1561,G-F指数为0.7573.