多地区皮纹特征与遗传病的相关性研究

对于人体指纹和掌纹的研究一直在探索,而我们本次主要通过对湖南,安徽,广州三地不同年龄阶段人群的指纹和掌纹采集,进行分析比较,从而得出不同地区的皮纹特征与遗传病的相关性研究。     

中国延边朝鲜族手皮纹研究

本文观察研究了400例（男200例;女200例）中国延边地区朝鲜族手的皮纹。调查分析了指纹类型、指嵴纹计数与总数、a-b嵴纹、掌纹真实花样百分率、掌纹类型、atd角等项系数。进行了不同性别、不同民族和人种间的差异性比较。结果表明朝鲜族手皮纹有一定的特征。     

裕固族皮纹学初步研究

本文研究了甘肃裕固族青少年儿童346人的皮纹学特征,报道了斗、箕、弓各型指纹的频率,指纹指数,总指嵴数,a-b嵴数,通关手出现率,掌纹真实花样等8项皮纹学参数和主线止区的分布比例。并作了性别、手别、族别及人种间的比较。结果表明,裕固族既具有蒙古人种的皮纹特征,也有一些白种人的皮纹特点,这可能暗示着裕固族有白种人的血统。     

广西544例瑶族儿童的皮纹学观察

本文对广西544例瑶族儿童的皮纹进行了观察分析,计算出指纹类型的百分率、指纹脊线总数、a-b脊线数、主线横向指数、掌纹主线止区、指间及大小鱼际真实花样的百分率、踇趾球部花样的百分率共七项基本参数。与汉族比较,瑶族的皮纹既有自己的特点,又具有汉族的一般特性。     

古老而崭新的皮纹学——推荐一个有益的课外活动内容

(一)研究皮纹学的目的皮肤纹理学(dermatoglyphics)一词系Cummins和Midlo于1926年首创,它的含义指研究人体特定部位:指(趾)和手(脚)掌皮肤纹理变化的科学。人的皮肤纹理有二大特征:1高度稳定性。人的皮纹图形在胚胎发育十九周形成,出生后终生不变;2个体差异性。世界上没有两个人的指纹完全相同,即使一卵双生儿指、掌纹相关系数达到0.953±00008,也都存在差异。从考古发现的唐代的单据、契约上按有指纹凭证,说明早在1000多年前,我国劳动人民不仅认识,还学会应用皮纹特征。     

人体测量指标与掌指纹特征之间的相关研究

本文对106名中国东北汉族女性进行了活体测量,并拓取了掌指纹。样本的年龄范围为18—34岁。所分析的人体测量指标共41项,掌指纹指标共59项。将人体测量指标与掌指纹指标同时输入电子计算机,进行了100项实验指标间的相关分析,并做了相关显著性检验。在41项人体测量指标中,有35项指标与掌指纹特征有相关关系。其中与掌指纹特征同时相关的人体测量特征有18项,与指纹特征相关的人体测量指标有2项,与掌纹相关的人体测量指标有15项。与掌指纹特征同时相关的人体测量特征,与遗传因素之间的相互关系大于与指纹相关的人体测量特征。与指纹相关的人体测量特征,与遗传因素的关系,要大于与掌纹相关的人体测量特征。     

与胃癌相关的几个量化掌褶纹特征的初步研究

本文对几个与胃癌的发生具有相关性的掌褶纹特征量进行了提取, 并与对照组进行了对比, 用统计学t检验的方法分析后发现,胃癌患者双手手掌掌褶纹的ATD角、左右手三线与掌宽夹角及左右手a-b嵴线数(a-bRc)与正常对照组之间均存在统计学意义上的差异, 这些结论为后期构建与胃癌的发生具有相关性的皮纹特征量化指标体系提供了依据,也为临床对早期胃癌患者的筛查提供了皮纹学方面的支持。     

赫哲族掌指纹特征研究

本文对166名健康赫哲族人的掌指纹进行了研究,其中男性86名,女性80名。本文列出了58个赫哲族掌指纹参数,将其中52个掌指纹特征输入电子计算机,进行了相关及主成份分析。并且,将赫哲族的掌指纹特征与汉族的掌指纹特征进行了比较。 结果表明:赫哲族的掌指纹特征是与汉族相似的,并且有自己的特征;双手同名指的相关系数大于非同名指,单手相邻指的相关系数大于相隔指;在有关掌指纹特征的研究中,指纹的重要性大于掌纹。     

广东汉族的皮纹密度分析

为获得广东汉族皮纹密度的基本参数, 在知情同意原则基础上采集18—21岁在校学生掌纹307例(男157人,女150人), 体视显微镜下测量掌纹嵴线, 计算皮纹密度。结果表明a-bRC、b-cRC、c-dRC、a-dRC和t-dRC分别是36.19±5.58、25.86±5.21、32.83±5.57、75.43±13.11和90.66±13.50,除c-dRC外,都是男>女。a-bDD、b-cDD、c-dDD、a-dDD、t-dDD和ΔatdDD分别是16.76±1.98、17.68±2.39、16.89±1.85、14.49±2.24、14.42±1.67和5.54±0.75,均为女>男。广东汉族皮纹密度与江西汉族和西藏藏族有一定差异。广东汉族皮纹密度有自己的特点, 这与民族渊源和生活环境的差异有关。     

漫谈皮纹学

狡猾的犯罪老手,一定会戴上手套作案。这些惯犯心里明白,在作案现场留下指纹,无疑会给公安人员破案提供线索和佐证。我国西安出土文物秦简的“盗穴篇”就显示了我们的祖先早在2000多年前就懂得了“手迹”的含义。利用指纹破案,由来已久。人的手指、手掌、足趾、足蹠等皮肤上出现的纹理图型,就称皮纹。皮纹是人类重要的遗传特征,具有家族遗传性、高度稳定性及个体特异性三大特征。皮纹的结构是由遗传决定的。它在胚胎发育过程中,一经形成,终生不变。每个人的皮纹,绝不相同。英国科学家高尔顿(Gaiton)在1892年就曾推测,当地球上增至60亿人口时,也许才能找到指纹特征完全相同的两个人。因此,皮纹可作为绝妙的天然“身份证”。科技先进国家的     

Application of Genomic SSR Locus Polymorphisms on the Identification and Classification of Chrysanthemum Cultivars in China

The Chinese traditional chrysanthemum is a notable group of chrysanthemums (Chrysanthemum×morifolium Ramat.) in which the phenotypic characteristics richly vary. At present, there is a serious controversy regarding homonyms and synonyms within this group. Moreover, the current international chrysanthemum classification systems are not comprehensive enough to be used on Chinese traditional chrysanthemums. Thus, we first identified a broad collection of 480 Chinese traditional chrysanthemum cultivars using the unique DNA fingerprints and molecular identities that were established by 20 simple sequence repeat markers. Five loci, which distinguished all of the selected cultivars, were identified as the core loci to establish unique fingerprints and molecular identities with 19 denary digits for each cultivar. A cluster analysis based on Nei''s genetic distance indicated that the selected cultivars were clustered according to their horticultural classification. Population structure analysis was subsequently performed with K values ranging from 2 to 14, and the most likely estimate for the population structure was ten subpopulations, which was nearly consistent with the clustering result. Principal component analysis was further performed to verify the classification results. On the basis of the Q-matrices of K = 10, a total of 19 traits were found to be associated with 42 markers. Taken together, these results can serve as starting points for the identification and classification of chrysanthemums based on the polymorphism of microsatellite markers, which is beneficial to promote the marker-assisted breeding and international communication of this marvelous crop.     

基于ERIC-PCR技术研究酪蛋白糖巨肽对小鼠肠道菌群结构的影响

目的了解酪蛋白糖巨肽(CGMP)对小鼠肠道中微生物群落结构及其动态变化的影响。方法采用ER IC-PCR技术分析鉴定在灌胃小鼠CGMP期间其肠道菌群结构的变化情况。在实验的第0、3、5、7、10、15和21天(灌胃停止后1周)分别提取对照组和CGMP组小鼠粪便总DNA,以此为模板进行PCR反应,获得肠道微生物群落的ER IC-PCR指纹图谱。结果小鼠个体在一段时间内微生物群落演替不明显,群落相似性较高。对照组小鼠肠道菌群多样性指数范围为1.75±0.06,CGMP组多样性指数范围为1.89±0.04,二者之间差异有统计学意义。结论小鼠肠道内的微生物群落非常丰富,普遍存在共有的优势菌群,且优势菌群的群落结构较为稳定;CGMP能够显著增加小鼠肠道菌群的多样性;聚类分析结果显示:对照组小鼠个体在不同时间的肠道菌群结构相似性较高,且ER IC-PCR指纹图谱没有明显的规律;CGMP组小鼠个体的ER IC-PCR指纹图谱被明显地分成2个亚族,说明小鼠灌胃CGMP 3~5 d后,其肠道菌群的群落结构开始发生明显变化。     

Metabolic fingerprinting of rat urine by LC/MS Part 2. Data pretreatment methods for handling of complex data

Metabolic fingerprinting of biofluids like urine is a useful technique for detecting differences between individuals. With this approach, it might be possible to classify samples according to their biological relevance. In Part 1 of this work a method for the comprehensive screening of metabolites was described, using two different liquid chromatography (LC) column set-ups and detection by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS). Data pretreatment of the resulting data described in is needed to reduce the complexity of the data and to obtain useful metabolic fingerprints. Three different approaches, i.e., reduced dimensionality (RD), MarkerLynx, and MS Resolver, were compared for the extraction of information. The pretreated data were then subjected to multivariate data analysis by partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) for classification. By combining two different chromatographic procedures and data analysis, the detection of metabolites was enhanced as well as the finding of metabolic fingerprints that govern classification. Additional potential biomarkers or xenobiotic metabolites were detected in the fraction containing highly polar compounds that are normally discarded when using reversed-phase liquid chromatography.     

膝骨关节炎患者关节疼痛与软骨下骨髓水肿的相关性研究

目的:探讨膝骨关节炎(KOA)患者关节疼痛与软骨下骨髓水肿(BME)的相关性。方法:选取2012年12月到2016年1月在我院接受治疗的KOA患者70例,所有患者均行MRI检查,并根据有无BME将其分为对照组和观察组,其中有BME的患者均纳入观察组,共56例,无BME的患者纳入对照组,共14例,对观察组的BME情况进行评分,并进一步根据BME得分情况将观察组分为1分组、2分组和3分组。采用主诉疼痛分级法(VRS)、视觉模糊评分(VAS)对所有患者进行疼痛评分。比较对照组和观察组的VRS分级、VAS评分,比较1分组、2分组和3分组的VRS分级、VAS评分,分析BME得分和VRS分级、VAS评分的相关性。结果:观察组的VRS分级的Ⅰ级比例为17.86%,显著低于对照组的50.00%,Ⅱ级比例为64.29%,显著高于对照组的28.57%,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组的VAS评分显著高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组三个分组的VRS分级Ⅰ级、Ⅱ级、Ⅲ级比例整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),1分组的VRS分级Ⅰ级比例显著高于2分组和3分组,2分组的VRS分级Ⅱ级比例显著高于1分组和3分组,3分组的VRS分级Ⅲ级比例显著高于1分组和2分组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);观察组三个分组的VAS评分整体比较差异有统计学意义(P0.05),3分组的VAS评分显著高于1分组和2分组,2分组的VAS评分显著高于1分组,差异均有统计学意义(P0.05);经Spearman统计分析显示BME得分和VRS分级、VAS评分呈正相关(P0.05)。结论:大部分KOA患者存在BME,而有BME的KOA患者关节疼痛更加明显,且BME越严重疼痛感越强。     

Sample size, library composition, and genotypic diversity among natural populations of Escherichia coli from different animals influence accuracy of determining sources of fecal pollution

A horizontal, fluorophore-enhanced, repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR (rep-PCR) DNA fingerprinting technique (HFERP) was developed and evaluated as a means to differentiate human from animal sources of Escherichia coli. Box A1R primers and PCR were used to generate 2,466 rep-PCR and 1,531 HFERP DNA fingerprints from E. coli strains isolated from fecal material from known human and 12 animal sources: dogs, cats, horses, deer, geese, ducks, chickens, turkeys, cows, pigs, goats, and sheep. HFERP DNA fingerprinting reduced within-gel grouping of DNA fingerprints and improved alignment of DNA fingerprints between gels, relative to that achieved using rep-PCR DNA fingerprinting. Jackknife analysis of the complete rep-PCR DNA fingerprint library, done using Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, indicated that animal and human isolates were assigned to the correct source groups with an 82.2% average rate of correct classification. However, when only unique isolates were examined, isolates from a single animal having a unique DNA fingerprint, Jackknife analysis showed that isolates were assigned to the correct source groups with a 60.5% average rate of correct classification. The percentages of correctly classified isolates were about 15 and 17% greater for rep-PCR and HFERP, respectively, when analyses were done using the curve-based Pearson's product-moment correlation coefficient, rather than the band-based Jaccard algorithm. Rarefaction analysis indicated that, despite the relatively large size of the known-source database, genetic diversity in E. coli was very great and is most likely accounting for our inability to correctly classify many environmental E. coli isolates. Our data indicate that removal of duplicate genotypes within DNA fingerprint libraries, increased database size, proper methods of statistical analysis, and correct alignment of band data within and between gels improve the accuracy of microbial source tracking methods.     

脑胶质瘤组织中胞质多聚腺苷酸化成分结合蛋白1、细胞周期蛋白B2的表达及临床意义

目的:检测脑胶质瘤组织中胞质多聚腺苷酸化成分结合蛋白1(CPEB1)、细胞周期蛋白B2(CCNB2)的表达,分析CPEB1、CCNB2表达与脑胶质瘤患者临床病理特征以及预后的关系。方法:选取2016年1月至2018年1月东莞松山湖中心医院神经外科收治的经手术切除的55例脑胶质瘤患者瘤组织标本(脑胶质瘤组)和50例颅脑损伤患者额叶或颞叶组织标本(对照组)。检测CPEB1、CCNB2表达,分析CPEB1、CCNB2表达与脑胶质瘤患者临床病理特征的关系。结合随访资料,采用Kaplan-Meier生存分析CPEB1、CCNB2阳性/阴性表达脑胶质瘤患者的预后差异及采用Cox比例风险回归分析其预后的影响因素。结果:脑胶质瘤组CPEB1、CCNB2阳性表达率均高于对照组(P<0.05)。肿瘤直径>2 cm、WHO分级Ⅲ级及远处转移的患者CCNB2阳性表达率高于肿瘤直径≤2 cm、WHO分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级及无远处转移的患者(P<0.05);WHO分级Ⅲ级、远处转移患者的CPEB1阳性表达率高于WHO分级Ⅰ~Ⅱ级、无远处转移的患者(P<0.05)。CPEB1、CCNB2阳性表达患者3年生存率低于CPEB1、CCNB2阴性表达患者(P<0.05)。WHO分级Ⅲ级、CPEB1及CCNB2阳性表达是脑胶质瘤患者术后3年死亡的危险因素(P<0.05)。结论:脑胶质瘤组织中CPEB1、CCNB2的阳性表达率均升高,其与脑胶质瘤恶性生物学行为以及不良预后有关。     

Classification of Forefoot Plantar Pressure Distribution in Persons with Diabetes: A Novel Perspective for the Mechanical Management of Diabetic Foot?

Background

The aim of this study was to identify groups of subjects with similar patterns of forefoot loading and verify if specific groups of patients with diabetes could be isolated from non-diabetics.

Methodology/Principal Findings

Ninety-seven patients with diabetes and 33 control participants between 45 and 70 years were prospectively recruited in two Belgian Diabetic Foot Clinics. Barefoot plantar pressure measurements were recorded and subsequently analysed using a semi-automatic total mapping technique. Kmeans cluster analysis was applied on relative regional impulses of six forefoot segments in order to pursue a classification for the control group separately, the diabetic group separately and both groups together. Cluster analysis led to identification of three distinct groups when considering only the control group. For the diabetic group, and the computation considering both groups together, four distinct groups were isolated. Compared to the cluster analysis of the control group an additional forefoot loading pattern was identified. This group comprised diabetic feet only. The relevance of the reported clusters was supported by ANOVA statistics indicating significant differences between different regions of interest and different clusters.

Conclusion/s Significance

There seems to emerge a new era in diabetic foot medicine which embraces the classification of diabetic patients according to their biomechanical profile. Classification of the plantar pressure distribution has the potential to provide a means to determine mechanical interventions for the prevention and/or treatment of the diabetic foot.     

Quantitative oligonucleotide microarray fingerprinting of Salmonella enterica isolates

We report on a genome-independent microbial fingerprinting method using nucleic acid microarrays for microbial forensics and epidemiology applications and demonstrate that the microarray method provides high resolution differentiation between closely related microorganisms, using Salmonella enterica strains as the test case. In replicate trials we used a simple 192 probe nonamer array to construct a fingerprint library of 25 closely related Salmonella isolates. Controlling false discovery rate for multiple testing at alpha = 0.05, at least 295 of 300 pairs of S.enterica isolate fingerprints were found to be statistically distinct using a modified Hotelling T2 test. Although most pairs of Salmonella fingerprints are found to be distinct, forensic applications will also require a protocol for library construction and reliable microbial classification against a fingerprint library. We outline additional steps required to produce such a protocol.     

Detecting infection-related changes in peripheral blood smears with image analysis techniques

High-resolution image analysis has the potential to flag subtle changes in white blood cell morphology that may indicate the presence of certain diseases. A study was made of the feasibility of identifying patients with hematologic bacterial infections (sepsis) using measurements on Wright-Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears. Neutrophils and lymphocytes from a group of patients with sepsis and from a control group were digitized, and parameters quantifying geometry, color, texture and shape were extracted. While color parameters differed the most between the infected and control samples, substantial differences in geometric, texture and shape parameters also were observed. Analysis of the data showed that individual neutrophils and lymphocytes from patients with sepsis were distinguishable from those of the control group with better than 84% accuracy. When average parameters were calculated from all cells of one type for each specimen, 100% accurate classification was obtained. These studies demonstrate that the image-analysis techniques used are sensitive enough to detect disease-related changes in cell morphology that are generally too subtle for reliable detection by the human eye. Future experiments will determine the specificity of this test for bacterial infections and will explore the possibility of using image analysis techniques on peripheral blood to detect and monitor a wide variety of diseases.     

滁菊的HPLC指纹图谱制作及其化学计量学分析

建立滁菊的HPLC指纹图谱,结合化学计量学手段对不同滁菊的指纹图谱进行分析研究,以期为滁菊的质量控制和产地追溯提供依据。采用HPLC法建立指纹图谱,并用中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统(2012版)和系统聚类、主成分分析2种化学计量学法对指纹图谱和特征峰进行分析。分析结果发现样品有27个共有峰,12个滁菊样品具有较高的相似度,杭菊与滁菊的相似度较差,聚类分析与主成分分析结果和相似度分析结果一致。将HPLC指纹图谱与化学计量学结合可对滁菊进行鉴别和质量评价,为其质量控制和追溯提供了理论参考。