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1.
Charlene Chang Ben A. Moll Kathleen B. Evenson Mark J. Guiltinan 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1996,45(1):61-66
In vitro plantlet regeneration systems for the seed geranium (Pelargonium x hortorum Bailey) using cotyledon, hypocotyl and root explants were optimized by studying the influence of seedling age, growth regulators and excision orientation on organogenesis. Indole-3-acetic acid combined with zeatin yielded the highest rate of shoot production on cotyledon explants (0.2–2 shoots per explant). More shoots were produced on explants cut from the most basal region of cotyledons from 2 to 4-day-old seedlings than from older seedlings or more distal cut sites. Hypocotyl explants produced the highest number of shoots, up to 40 shoots per explant, on indole-3-acetic acid (2.8–5.6 mM) + zeatin (4.6 mM) or thidiazuron (4.5 mM). Maximum shoot formation (0.3–1.4 shoots per explant) on root explants occurred when they were cultured on medium containing zeatin. Regenerated shoots rooted best on a basal medium containing no growth regulators. There were substantial differences among cultivars in shoot formation from each of the explant systems.Abbreviations BA
6-benzylaminopurine
- 2,4-d
2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA
naphthaleneacetic acid
- TDZ
thidiazuron 相似文献
2.
Conditions for plant regeneration from excised shoot tips of Vigna radiata were studied. Complete plants were regenerated directly without an intervening callus phase from shoot tips on basal medium (MS salts+B5vitamins). Regeneration frequency varied with genotype, explant size and growth regulator combinations in the medium. Addition of cytokinins induced a variable amount of callus at the base of the shoot tip, followed by multiple shoot formation. Benzyladenine (BA), kinetin and zeatin at 5×10-6 M each induced multiple shoots in 100% of the explants but the highest number of regenerants per explant (9) was produced with BA. The efficacy of BA for shoot multiplication was not improved when it was supplemented with naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) or indoleacetic acid (IAA). NAA or adenine sulphate, when applied alone, induced complete plantlets. The growth regulator requirement of explants for the induction of multiple shoots varied with explant size. The shoot tip explants maintained proliferation ability on subculture. None of the treatments was effective in inducing shoot bud differentiation from callus. Regenerated shoots were rooted on MS basal medium and MS supplemented with either IAA or indolebutyric acid. The rooted plants were transferred to the field; 60% subsequently survived and grew.Abbreviations BM
basal medium [MS (Murashige & Skoog 1962) salts+B5 (Gamborg et al. 1968) vitamins]
- BA
6-benzyladenine
- AdS
adenine sulphate
- IAA
indole-3-acetic acid
- NAA-1
naphthaleneacetic acid
- IBA
indolebutyric acid 相似文献
3.
Teresa Orlikowska 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1992,31(1):1-7
One cm long shoot explants of dwarf apple rootstocks P 2 and M.9 taken from 2 year-old cultures were stored at 4°C in the dark in three media differing in concentration of growth regulators. Every 6 weeks, some explants were transferred into proliferation medium and multiplication rate was observed during three or four consecutive passages. In a second experiment, the influence of explant type (1 cm long shoot tips, 1 cm long middle part of shoots or three-shoot tufts smaller than 1 cm) and transfer time to the cold room (immediately, 10 days, or 20 days after subculture) on explant survival and proliferation were analysed.Survival of explants was influenced by composition of the storage media. On medium without 6-benzylaminopurine, 70% of P 2 and 17% of M.9 explants became necrotic during 18 weeks of storage. P 2 rootstock proliferated better in three passages after storage than did unstored controls. Storage of M.9 rootstock reduced proliferation in the first and second passages if stored in media containing 6-benzylaminopurine in comparison with unstored controls. Explants stored as tufts and transferred to the cold room directly after subculture produced more shoots during two passages than cultures stored as single shoots. 相似文献
4.
Summary A protocol for micropropagation of Virginia-type peanut plants, an ancient crop of the New World, is reported. This study
was conducted to explore the effect of silver nitrate (AgNO3), alone or in combination with growth regulators, on multiple shoot formation from shoot tip culture. Incorporation of AgNO3 into the medium, without growth regulators, induced regeneration of the explants (which did not develop at all in the AgNO3-free medium), and stimulated the emergence of axillary shoots. When AgNO3 was added in combination with cytokinins and α-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), maximum average shoot number per regenerating
explant was recorded (6.3) in Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing 33 μM 6-benzyladenine, 5.3 μM NAA, and 23.54 μM AgNO3. Moreover, AgNO3 showed a positive and marked effect on both shoot elongation and the reduction of callus proliferation from the basal ends
of shoot tips. Following a period of elongation, the shoots were rooted in hormone-free Ms medium, showing no residual effects
due to the long-term culture in AgNO3-containing media. Acclimatization was easily obtained after plantlets were transferred to pots under greenhouse conditions,
with 90% survival. 相似文献
5.
Gomes Filomena Canhoto Jorge M. 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2003,39(3):316-321
Summary
Eucalyptus nitens Maiden (shining gum) is a frost-tolerant species of Eucalyptus that can be used as an alternative species to Eucalyptus globulus in some regions of Portugal where winter temperatures are too low. Seedlings and 1-yr-old shoot tips and nodes were used
for micropropagation of E. nitens. The best multiplication rate (2.25) was obtained when seedling shoots (<15 mm) were cultured on a medium containing the
major nutrients (at half-strength) and minor elements of Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium, the organics of De Fossard medium
(De Fossard et al., 1974) and a combination of benzyladenine (0.9 μM) and 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (0.05 μM). Seedling cuttings (4-,8-, and 10-wk-old) rooted well on media containing several concentrations of 3-indolebutyric acid
(4.9, 9.8, and 14.8 μM) or 3-indoleacetic acid (5.7, 11.4, and 17.1 μM), giving frequencies of root induction above 80%. With this type of explant, root formation was also found on basal medium
without growth regulators. Rooting of in vitro-propagated shoots obtained from seedlings (8-wk-old) after four subcultures (every 3 wk) was more difficult, with the best
results obtained on a medium containing 14.7 μM 3-indolebutyric acid (60.0% root induction). No root formation was achieved when shoots from 1-yr-old explants were used.
After a period of 4 mo., 96.3% of the plants transferred to the greenhouse survived acclimatization. 相似文献
6.
Sarowar S. Oh H.Y. Hyung N.I. Min B.W. Harn C.H. Yang S.K. Ok S.H. Shin J.S. 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2003,75(2):179-182
An efficient in vitro micropropagation protocol was developed for direct shoot growth of interspecific Cucurbita hybrid variety using shoot–tips of 5-day-old explants. The excised shoot–tips were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium containing two plant growth regulators (6-benzyladenine and naphthaleneacetic acid) with various combinations and concentrations for the study of shoot induction. The best condition for shoot growth was with 3 mg l–1 6-benzyladenine (BA) in MS medium. The shooting frequency was 84% and five shoots were obtained from each explant after 30 days of culture. Shoots (11.5 cm length) were rooted most effectively in 1 mg l–1 indole-3 butyric acid (IBA)-supplemented MS medium. The highest root formation rate was 93% and all rooted shoots were transplanted into soil. 相似文献
7.
Summary Thirteen soybean genotypes representing maturity groups IV−VI were compared for organogenic responses on three media cultured
under two lighting conditions with hypocotyl sections excised from 7-d-old seedlings. All soybean lines responsed by producing
adventitious shoots on the acropetal end of the hypocotyl explants, confirming genotype-independence of shoot initiation.
Media containing 6-benzyladenine (BA; 5.0–10 μM) induced the greatest numbers of shoots. Histological studies confirmed the adventitious nature of arising shoots by indicative
formation of meristematic zones and shoot primordia from parenchymatous tissues of central pith and plumular trace regions
of the hypocotyl. Incompletely excised cotyledonary buds also contributed to shoot initiation. Degrees of responses were media-dependent
and varied with regard to genotype. Centennial, Epps, and Lyon gave the greatest individual responses. Between cultivars (across
all treatments), the regeneration potential (percentage of explants producing meristem-like structures or shoot primordia)
4 wk after initiation ranged from 47 to 75%. Four wk later, regenerative ability (number of shoots produced per responding
explant) and regeneration efficiency (number of shoots produced per explant plated) yielded 1.4–7.1 and 1.0–5.0 shoots, respectively.
The optimized protocol included initiation on a medium containing 5.0 μM BA for 4 wk, then transfer onto a shoot elongation medium (0.36 μM BA) for 4 wk. For 11 genotypes tested, 66–100% of excised shoots produced roots after 4 wk on media containing 12.5–29.2
μM indole-3-butyric acid. Of 109 regenerants transplanted to soil, 94% survived and no sterility has been observed on those
mature enough to flower. 相似文献
8.
M. Carmen Polanco M. Isabel Peláez M. Luisa Ruiz 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1988,15(2):175-182
The influence of culture medium and explant on callus and shoot formation of lentil (Lens culinaris Medik.) has been studied. Three different explants (shoot-tip, first node and first pair of leaves) from three Spanish lentil cultivars were cultivated on two basal media: Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) and medium with mineral salts of MS medium plus vitamins of Gamborg's B5 medium (MSB), supplemented with growth regulators. Media with 2,4-D induced the formation of calli in all explants, but no organ regeneration was obtained from these calli. Multiple shoot formation was obtained from 33% to 92% of the explants in media supplemented with 2.25 mg l–1 of BA and 0.186 mg l–1 NAA+2.25 mg l–1 BA; in the other media one to two shoots per explant were formed in 10 to 98% of the explants. Root formation from explants was achieved only in media with NAA or IAA. Of the explants tested, the best morphogenetic responses were obtained from nodes and the poorest from leaves. 相似文献
9.
Yan Ma David H. Byrne Jing Chen 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1996,32(2):103-108
Summary Several rose species (Rosa rugosa, R. wichuraiana, R. setigera, R. laevigata, R. banksiae, R. roxburghii, R. odorata) and interspecific hybrids were cultured to determine the appropriate concentrations of nutrients and growth regulators for
shoot proliferation and root initiation. Cultured shoot tips and lateral buds from different genotypes proliferated multiple
shoots on a basal medium [Murashige and Skoog (MS) salts, vitamins, glycine, sucrose, and agar] supplemented with 0 μM to 17.8 μM (4 mg·l−1) 6-benzyladenine (BA) and 0 μM to 0.54 μM (0.1 mg·l−1) naphthalene, acetic acid (NAA). The ability of the explants to proliferate shoots and initiate roots was affected by the
genotype, the nodal position of the explant, the strength of the MS basal salts, and the growth regulators used. The buds
nearest the apex exhibited the slowest rate of development. Most species had the highest shoot proliferation when cultured
on basal MS medium supplemented with 8.9 μM (2 mg·l−1) BA, but the degree varied by species. Root development was enhanced by lowering the concentration of MS salts. With difficult-to-root
species, rooting was improved by supplementing the media with 11.4 μM (2 mg·l−1) indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) or by giving them a 7-d dark treatment at 10°C. 相似文献
10.
Effect of benzylaminopurine on in vitro and in vivo root development in lentil, Lens culinaris Medik
The effect of benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the formation of roots from lentil shoots regenerated on media containing BAP was
studied. Seedling shoot tips, first nodes and bractlets, and immature seeds cultured on the initiation media containing 2.25
or 0.225 mg/l of BAP regenerated multiple bud shoots. The regenerated shoots formed roots in percentages ranging from 4.6
to 39.9% on a rooting medium (R medium) containing 2 mg/l of indoleacetic acid. Rooting success on R medium depended upon
the cytokinin used in the initiation media, its concentration, and the time elapsed during shoot formation on these media
prior to transplanting regenerated shoots to R medium. In vivo study of root growth of lentil seedlings demonstrated the strong
inhibitory effect of BAP on root growth reflected in a drastic reduction of the mitotic index of the root meristem.
Received: 27 August 1996 / Revision received: 12 December 1996 / Accepted: 15 January 1997 相似文献
11.
Halina Wysokińska 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1993,33(2):181-186
A method for the micropropagation ofPenstemon serrulatus Menz. from shoot tips or nodal segments was developed. Multiple microshoot cultures (up to 20 shoots from a single explant) were obtained by maintenance of shoot tip explants on Schenk & Hildebrandt medium (SH) supplemented with 4.4 µM benzyladenine (BA) or 8.9 µM BA and 0.57 µM indole-3-acetic acid (IAA). Microshoots developed into numerous, normal shoots when explants were transferred to SH medium containing 2.9 µM IAA or 2.5 µM indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). Shoot cultures were also established from nodal segments (max. 6.8 shoots per segment) when they were placed on SH medium with 0.49 µM IBA and 2.2 µM BA. Rooting of shoots was better on SH medium containing auxin (IBA, NAA or IAA) than on SH medium without growth regulators. The plantlets were then transferred to pots and grown in the greenhouse. Four-month-old regenerated plants demonstrated similar iridoid content (leaves contained 3.83% dry wt. penstemide and 1.8% dry wt. serrulatoloside) as the original plants. 相似文献
12.
Direct shoot formation in spontaneously occurring root pseudonodules of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.)
P. Sarul M. Vlahova A. Ivanova A. Atanassov 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》1995,31(1):21-25
Summary A simple and rapid procedure for direct organogenesis from root nodulelike structures of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) line SGg, spontaneously induced on growth regulator-free Gamborg (B5) medium, was developed. Prolific adventitious shoot initiation was obtained using a combination of 1.0 mg/liter TIBA and
0.5 mg/liter 2iP. Transfer of shoots to a medium containing 0.5 mg/liter ABA and reduced concentration of TIBA (0.5 mg/liter)
before rooting markedly stimulated shoot development. Regenerated shoots rooted easily and revealed the early appearance of
nodulelike structures on basal medium (B5) lacking growth regulators. Analysis of endogenous growth regulator levels of SGg roots maintained on growth regulators free
media, showed that spontaneous shoot appearances was correlated with high cytokinin-to-auxin ratios. 相似文献
13.
Ajith Anand Chaluvadi Srinivasa Rao 《In vitro cellular & developmental biology. Plant》2000,36(1):61-64
Summary A protocol is described for rapid multiplication of Piper barberi Gamble (Piperaceae) through shoot tip and nodal explant cultures. Nodal explants with a single axillary meristem showed three
times better response with respect to shoot proliferation when compared to shoot tip explants. The best shoot proliferation
response of nodal explants was observed with a cytokinin combination of N6-benzyladenine (4.43 μM) and kinetin (2.32 μM), with 88% bud break. The number of shoot initials (2.4) produced per nodal explant was twice the number of shoot initials
(1.2) per shoot tip. An average of 6.9±0.58 adventitious shoots were observed from the proximal end of the internodal explants
on Mursashige and Skoog (1962) (Ms) basal medium supplemented with N6-benzyladenine (2.22 μM) and kinetin (0.46 μM). A multiplication rate of 82 shoots per explant could be achieved after 9 wk of subculturing. The in vitro shoots were rooted on one-half and one-quarter MS basal medium. The shoots rooted on one-quarter MS in the dark produced
eight roots with an average root length of 3.36 cm and 98% survival. These plants were transferred to the field with a survival
rate of 75%. 相似文献
14.
Summary Two representative cultivars ofCicer arietinum, the desi-type cv.Annigeri and the kabuli-type cv.ICCV6, were regenerated in vitro and clonally propagated from cotyledonary
nodes and meristem tips. The explants were dissected from 1-wk-old seedlings aseptically germinated on WH medium. In both
cultivars, all nodes cultured on B5 medium supplemented with 4.4μM 6-benzylaminopurine developed up to seven shoots per node within 3 wk. Meristem tips were much better suited for multiple
shoot formation. Cultured on DKW-C-a medium supplemented with 4.4μM 6-benzylaminopurine and 0.05μM indole-3-butyric acid, 96% of the meristem tips produced up to 10 shoots per explant. A new method in improving clonal propagation
was subdividing the meristem tips. Doing so, multiple shoot formation was considerably enhanced: up to 90 shoots per original
explant could be obtained with cv.Annigeri, and up to 50 with cv.ICCV6. Indole-3-butyric acid proved to be the best rooting
factor. From several media tested, the best root induction and development was achieved on WH medium supplemented with 2.5μ M indole-3-butyric acid: 72% rooting with cv.Annigeri and 68% rooting with cv.ICCV6. With both cultivars there were no differences
in rooting capacity between shoots of nodal origin and those derived from meristem tips. The plantlets obtained were transferred
into soil and kept under greenhouse conditions. The survival frequency was 28% with cv.Annigeri and 23% with cv.ICCV6. R0 plants remained smaller than seed-grown controls and produced only a few fertile seeds. There was no difference between R1 plants and controls in growth, development, and seed set. 相似文献
15.
A rapid and highly-effective method for micropropagation from nodal segment and shoot tip explants was established for Coleus blumei Benth. Nodal segments and shoot tips were inoculated on MS medium containing 0.7 % agar, 3 % commercial sugar, and different
combinations of 6-benzyladenine (BA) with indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) or α-naphthaleneacetic acid
(NAA). Hundred percent shoot induction from both explants was achieved on the medium containing BA (2 mg dm−3) and NAA (1 mg dm−3). Shoot tips were proved to be the better explant in comparison to nodal segments in having high rate of shoot induction
and more number of shoots. The same media conditions were found suitable for shoot multiplication. Multiplied shoots rooted
best on MS medium supplemented with IBA (2 mg dm−3). Micropropagated plants were successfully established in soil after hardening, with 100 % survival rate. 相似文献
16.
Anna Piovan Rosy Caniato Elsa Mariella Cappelletti Raffaella Filippini 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2010,100(3):309-315
Efficient plant regeneration systems both from shoot segments and via callus organogenesis were developed for Kosteletzkya pentacarpos (L.) Ledeb., a rare and endangered Eurasian species. In the experiments with existing meristems, factors affecting shoot
proliferation, including explant type, i.e. decapitated and intact shoots, and plant growth regulators, indole-3-acetic acid
or kinetin, were investigated. Shoot proliferation was significantly affected by the type of explant, the hormones and their
interaction. The highest shoot multiplication rate was obtained from decapitated shoots. Increasing kinetin concentration
promoted shoot elongation regardless of explant type. In intact shoots, shoot length was also affected by increasing auxin
concentration, although this effect tends to decrease with higher concentration. Decapitated shoots were not responsive to
the addition of auxin. Micropropagation through organogenesis from callus was also investigated. Calli were obtained from
leaf, stem internode and root explants. Only the leaf-derived calli produced shoots and indole-3-acetic acid favoured increased
numbers of shoots. A number of experiments were conducted for rooting of in vitro produced shoots. All of them induced high
rooting frequency, the number and the length of roots being dependent on the strength of the basal medium. The use of 1–2 mg l−1 indole-3-butyric acid resulted in refining the optimal concentration for root elongation. The regenerated plants (70%) survived
and flowered in their first vegetative period. 相似文献
17.
The role of nitrate, ammonium, and culture medium pH on shoot organogenesis in Nicotiana tabacum zz100 leaf discs was examined. The nitrogen composition of a basal liquid shoot induction medium (SIM) containing 39.4 mM and 20.6 mM was altered whilst maintaining the overall ionic balance with Na(+) and Cl(-) ions. Omission of total nitrogen and nitrate, but not ammonium, from SIM prevented the initiation and formation of shoots. When nitrate was used as the sole source of nitrogen, a high frequency of explants initiated and produced leafy shoots. However, the numbers of shoots produced were significantly fewer than the control SIM. Buffering nitrate-only media with the organic acid 2[N-morpholino]ethanesulphonic acid (MES) could not compensate for the omission of ammonium. Ammonium used as the sole source of nitrogen appeared to have a negative effect on explant growth and morphogenesis, with a significant lowering of media pH. Buffering ammonium-only media with MES stabilized pH and allowed a low frequency of explants to initiate shoot meristems. However, no further differentiation into leafy shoots was observed. The amount of available nitrogen appears to be less important than the ratio between nitrate and ammonium. Shoot formation was achieved with a wide range of ratios, but media containing 40 mM nitrate and 20 mM ammonium (70:30) produced the greatest number of shoots per explant. Results from this study indicate a synergistic effect between ammonium and nitrate on shoot organogenesis independent of culture medium pH. 相似文献
18.
Young Woo Chun Richard B. Hall Loren C. Stephens 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》1986,5(3):179-185
The in vitro shoot proliferation of Populus alba × P. grandidentata was affected by the medium consistency and shoot density, but not by three sizes of vessels. After 4 weeks of culture, the fresh weight and number of shoots per explant on liquid medium were significantly greater than those on agar-solidified medium. In particular, 3.2 shoots, 7 mm or longer per explant, were produced on liquid medium compared with 1.6 shoots per explant or agar-solidified medium. The fresh weight per explant after 4 weeks of culture on liquid medium and agar-solidified medium were 0.68 and 0.25 g, respectively. Increasing the number of shoots per vessel slowed the growth of the explants as measured by fresh weight and the number of shoots produced. There was little difference in the number of shoots produced between vessels with 1 or 2 shoots per vessel, but there were many fewer shoots produced when 3 shoots were placed in each vessel.Journal Paper No. J-11977 of the Iowa Agriculture and Home Economics Experiment Station, Ames, Iowa. Project 2210. 相似文献
19.
Mistianne Feeney Basdeo Bhagwat Jeremy S. Mitchell W. David Lane 《Plant Cell, Tissue and Organ Culture》2007,90(2):201-214
A complete method to regenerate adventitious shoots and to produce field-ready trees from three commercial cultivars of sweet
cherry (Prunus avium L.) is described. The effects of explant types, pre-treatments, basal media, and phloroglucinol on cultivars Bing, Sweetheart,
and Lapins were investigated. Callus developed on four explant types: apical shoot tips isolated from orchard trees; and punctured
shoot tips, stem sections, and shoot bases of in vitro shoot cultures. Callus formed on Bing (5%), Sweetheart (8%), and Lapins
(20%) shoot tips from orchard trees after 4 months on Murashige and Skoog medium (MS) at half-strength with 3 μM benzylaminopurine
(BA). In vitro-derived explants formed callus after 3 months on Woody Plant Medium with 3 μM BA (W3B): punctured shoot tips
(Sweetheart and Lapins 67%), stem sections (Sweetheart 31%, Lapins 27%), and shoot bases (Sweetheart 10%, Lapins 17%). Pre-treatment
of shoot cultures on MS with 3 μM BA and 1 mM phloroglucinol increased callus formation three-fold on shoot base explants.
Callus was separated from parental explants and maintained on MS with 3 μM BA. Shooting was induced by transferring callus
to W3B. At 2 weeks, shoot development approached 100%. By 4 weeks, 7–17 shoots had formed on each explant. Callus was maintained
for 1.5 years with no decrease in shoot production. Shoots were grafted onto Mazzard (P. avium) rootstocks with 54% (Sweetheart), 57% (Lapins), and 21% (Bing) success after 5 weeks. 相似文献
20.
Direct adventitious shoot regeneration from ovary explants of Crocus sativus L. was influenced by media components, incubation conditions, and age of the explant. The best response towards caulogenesis
(28%) with highest shoot numbers per ovary was observed when full strength Murashige and Skoog (1962) medium was supplemented
with naphthaleneacetic acid and benzyladenine. Incubation in the dark at 20 °C was beneficial for induction of shoot buds.
Ovaries of different growth stages having stigmas of pale yellow, pale orange and bright orange regenerated a maximum mean
number (3.8 – 4.2) of shoots per ovary. Further development of ovary-derived shoots was influenced by the composition of basal
salts in the culture medium where full strength Murashige and Skoog salts gave the best response of those tested. Regenerated
shoots produced normal photosynthetic leaves and corms.
This revised version was published online in June 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date. 相似文献